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Comparison of Common Herbicides for Weed Management in Non-Transgenic Corn (Zea mays L.) Production

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 18, 312 - 318, 15.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.670524

Öz

Weeds cause significant economic losses in corn, also known as maize, yield. Herbicides are the most widely used tools for weed management. Weed control for genetically modified crops (GMOs) such as corn is generally based on the use of post-emergence glyphosate and 2.4-D herbicides. However, transgenic modified corn crop production is prohibited in the European Union and Turkey hence weeds in corn fields in these countries; pre-sowing, pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides can be use in three different periods. In this study, the effect of commonly used herbicides on weed control in corn was investigated. The highest corn yields were obtained from dimethenamide-P 280 g / l + terbuthylazine 250 g / l (13.055 kg ha-1), mesotrione 75 g / l + nicosulfuron 30 g / l (12.979 kg ha-1) and terbuthylazine 270 g / l + pendimethalin 64 g / l (12.746 kg ha-1), respectively. The maximum harvest indexes were determined in dimethenamide-P 280 g / l + terbuthylazine 250 g / l (53%), mesotrione 75 g / l + nicosulfuron 30 g / l (52%) and terbuthylazine 270 g / l + pendimethalin 64 g / l (50%) applications. The weed indexes were detected in order of dimethenamide-P 280 g / l + terbuthylazine 250 g / l (7%), mesotrione 75 g / l + nicosulfuron 30 g / l (8%) and terbutylazine 270 g / l + pendimethalin 64 g / l (10%). When the results were evaluated as a whole, it was concluded that dimethenamide-P 280 g / l + terbuthylazine applications could be preferred to weed control in corn production areas, primarily. However, because of the environmental problems that can only be caused by chemical-related struggles in the long run, environmentally friendly applications such as alternation, mulching, solarization, steam disinfection, smart cultivators and sensor sprayers need to be integrated into herbicide applications for sustainable weed control in corn production.

Kaynakça

  • Beadle, C.L. (1985). Plant Growth Analysis. Techniques in Bioproductivity and Photosynthesis. Edited by J. Coombs, D.O. Hall, S.P. Long and J. M. O. Scurlock. Chapter 2, P: 20–25. Pergamon Press. Oxford, England.
  • Berzsenyi, P., Bonis, B., Arendas, T. (1995). Investigations about the effects of some factors influencing the efficacy of postemergence weed control in maize (Zea mays L.), Dang Quoc Lap, Agricultural Research Institute of The Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 9th EWRS Syposium Budapest, 257 – 264.
  • Dekalb (2020). Yabancı Ot Mücadelesi. [04 Jan. 2020] Available at: https://www.dekalb.com.tr/arama?tag=YABANCI%20OT
  • DeLougherty, R. L., Crookston, R. K. (1979). Harvest Index of corn affected by population density, maturity rating, and environment 1. Agronomy Journal, 71(4), 577-580.
  • Dogan, M.N., Boz, Ö. (2005). Comparison of weed problems in main and second crop maize (Zea mays L.) growing areas in Turkey. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 4(3), 220-224.
  • FAO (2020). Maize in human nutrition. [accessed on: 04 Jan. 2020] Available at: http://www.fao.org/3/t0395e/T0395E00.htm#Contents
  • Gupta, O.P. (1998). Weed management: Principles and practices. Agro Botanica, Bikaner, India, pp. 18-23.
  • Güngör, M. Uygur, F.N. (2005). Adana ili mısır ekim alanlarında yabancı otlara karşı uygulanan kimyasal mücadelenin önemi ve ortaya çıkan sorunların araştırılması, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek lisans Tezi, 171s. Adana.
  • Hall, R.M., Swanton CJ., Anderson WG. (2002). The critical period of weed control in grain maize (Zea mays). Weed Science Congress, 40: 441-447.
  • Hütsch, B.W., Schubert, S. (2017). Harvest index of maize (Zea mays L.): Are there possibilities for improvement?. In Advances in agronomy (Vol. 146, pp. 37-82). Academic Press.
  • IGC 2019. International Grains Council. [accessed on: 27 Jun. 2015] Available at: http://www.igc.int/en/default.aspx
  • Ion, V., Dicu, G., Dumbravă, M., Temocico, G., Alecu, I. N., Băşa, A. G., State, D. (2015). Harvest index at maize in different growing conditions. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 20(6), 10951.
  • Işık D., Dok M., Altop EK., Mennan H. (2015). Mısır yetiştiriciliğinde erken toprak işleme ve glyphosate’nin çıkış öncesi ve çıkış sonrası yabancı ot mücadele yöntemleri ile birlikte kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılması. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 21, 596- 605.
  • Khan, H., Marwat, K.B., Khan, M.A., Hashim, S. (2014). Herbicidal control of parthenium weed in maize. Pak. J. Bot, 46(2), 497-504.
  • MS (2015). Meteorological Service. [accessed on: 27 Jun. 2015] Available at: https://www.mgm.gov.tr/
  • Nandula, V.K. (2019). Herbicide Resistance Traits in Maize and Soybean: Current Status and Future Outlook. Plants, 8(9), 337.
  • Nielsen, R.L. (1988). Influence of hybrids and plant density on grain yield and stalk breakage in corn grown in 38 cm row width. Journal Production Agriculture, 1(3), 190–195.
  • Oerke, E.C., Dehne, H.W. (2004). Safeguarding protection-losses in major crops and the role of crop protection. Crop Protection, 23, 275-285.
  • Pala, F., Mennan, H. (2017a). Determination of existing weed management by conducting a survey with corn farmers in Diyarbakir. Central Anatolia Region Third Agriculture and Food Congress, 26-28 Oct., Sivas, Turkey.
  • Pala, F., Mennan, H. (2017b). Investigation of problems and considerations on weed control methods in field crops of Diyarbakir. International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Engineering, Science, Education and Technology, 27-29 Oct., Bitlis, Turkey.
  • Pala, F. (2019). Optimum application time of aclonifen active ingredient to weed management in lentils. 3. Anadolu Uluslararası Uygulamalı Bilimler Kongresi, 28-29 December, Diyarbakır, Turkey. Euroasia Journal of Matematics-Engineering Natural & Medical Sciences, pp. 27-33.
  • Pennington, D. (2013). Harvest index: A predictor of corn stover yield. [accessed on: 04 Jan. 2020] Available at: https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/harvest_index_a_predictor_of_corn_stover_yield
  • Peterson, P.M. (2013). Poaceae (Gramineae). In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0003689.pub2
  • PPP (2020). Plant Protection Products. [accessed on: 05 Jan. 2020] Available at: https://bku.tarim.gov.tr/
  • Puntener, W. (1981). Manual for field trials in plant protection. Second Edition. Ciba-Geigy Limited, Basle, Switzerland.
  • Rajcan, I., Swanton, C.J. (2001). Understanding maize–weed competition: resource competition, light quality and the whole plant. Field Crops Research, 71(2), 139-150.
  • Ravisankar, D. (2017). Weed Management in Herbicide Tolerant Transgenic Maize-A Review. Chem Sci Rev Lett, 6(24), 2364-2372.
  • Shrestha, A., Tapab, B., Subedib, R., Amgainb, L.P., Wasti, M. (2019). Effect of weed management in productivity of Spring Maize in Mid-hills of Nepal. Journal of Research in Weed Science, 2, 43-51. https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.1.4
  • Silva, P.S.L., Silva, P.I.B., Silva, K.M.B., Oliveira, V.R., Pontes Filho, F.S.T. (2011). Corn growth and yield in competition with weeds. Planta daninha, 29(4), 793-802.
  • Süzer, S. 2020. Mısır Tarımı. [accessed on: 02 Jan. 2020] Available at: http://hayrabolutb.org.tr/media/ziraat/Misir-Tarimi.pdf
  • Thonke, K.E. (1991). Political and practical approach in Scandinavia towards reducing herbicide inputs, Brighton Crop Protection Conference, Brighton, 1183 –1190.
  • TOB (2020). Mısır Hastalık ve Zararlıları İle Mücadele. [accessed on: 03 Jan. 2020] Available at: https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/GKGM/Belgeler/Bitki%20Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1%20Hizmetleri/hastalik_zararlilari_ile_m%C3%BCcadele_dokumanlari/misir.pdf
  • TÜİK (2018). Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. [accessed on: 03 Jan. 2020] Available at: http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/bitkiselapp/bitkisel.zul
  • UC-IPM (2020). Corn. [accessed on: 19 Apr. 2019] Available at: http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/r113700999.html
  • Wunderlich, S., Gatto, K.A. (2015). Consumer perception of genetically modified organisms and sources of information. Advances in Nutrition, 6(6), 842-851.
  • Zoschke, A. (1994). Toward reduced herbicide rates and adapted weed management. Weed Technol. 8, 376-386.

Transgenik Olmayan Mısırda (Zea mays L.) Yabancı Ot Mücedesinde Yaygın Olarak Kullanılan Herbisitlerin Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 18, 312 - 318, 15.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.670524

Öz

Yabancı otlar mısır üretiminde önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olmaktadır. Yabancı ot mücadelesinde en yaygın kullanılan yöntem pratik olması bakımından herbisit kullanımıdır. Transgenik (GDO’lu) mısır üretiminde yabancı ot mücadelesi genellikle çıkış sonrası glyphosate ve 2.4-D herbisitlerinin kullanımına bağlı olarak yapılmaktadır. Ancak transgenik mısır üretiminin yasak olduğu Avrupa birliği ve Türkiye gibi ülkelerde mısır tarlalarında yabancı ot mücadelesi farklı herbisitlere bağlı olarak; ekim öncesi, çıkış öncesi ve çıkış sonrası olmak üzere üç ayrı dönemde yapılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada transgenik olmayan mısır üretiminde sorun olan yabancı otlara karşı yaygın olarak kullanılan herbisitlerin yabancı ot kontrolüne ve mısır verimine etkisi araştırılmıştır. En yüksek verim sırasıyla dimethenamid-P 280 g/l + terbuthylazine 250 g/l (13.055 kg ha-1), mesotrione 75 g/l + nicosulfuron 30 g/l (12.979 kg ha-1) ve terbutylazine 270 g/l + pendimethalin 64 g/l (12.746 kg ha-1) uygulamalarından elde edilmiştir. Maksimum hasat indeksi sırasıyla dimethenamid-P 280 g/l + terbuthylazine 250 g/l (%53), mesotrione 75 g/l + nicosulfuron 30 g/l (%52) ve terbutylazine 270 g/l + pendimethalin 64 g/l (%50) uygulamalarında saptanmıştır. Yabancı ot indeksi sırasıyla dimethenamid-P 280 g/l + terbuthylazine 250 g/l (%7), mesotrione 75 g/l + nicosulfuron 30 g/l (%8) ve terbutylazine 270 g/l + pendimethalin 64 g/l (%10) uygulamalarında en iyi sonucu verdiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar bir bütün olarak değerlendirildiğinde sırasıyla dimethenamid-P 280 g/l + terbuthylazine uygulamalarının öncelikli olarak tercih edilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Ancak sadece kimyasallara bağlı mücadelelerin uzun dönemde çıkarabileceği çevresel sorunlar nedeniyle mısır üretiminde sürdürülebilir yabancı ot mücadelesi için münavebe, malçlama, solarizasyon, buhar ile toprak dezenfeksiyonu, akıllı kültivatörler ve sensörlü pülverizatörler kullanılması, dron ve dijital teknoloji gibi çevre dostu uygulamaların herbisit uygulamalarına entegre edilmesi gerekmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Beadle, C.L. (1985). Plant Growth Analysis. Techniques in Bioproductivity and Photosynthesis. Edited by J. Coombs, D.O. Hall, S.P. Long and J. M. O. Scurlock. Chapter 2, P: 20–25. Pergamon Press. Oxford, England.
  • Berzsenyi, P., Bonis, B., Arendas, T. (1995). Investigations about the effects of some factors influencing the efficacy of postemergence weed control in maize (Zea mays L.), Dang Quoc Lap, Agricultural Research Institute of The Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 9th EWRS Syposium Budapest, 257 – 264.
  • Dekalb (2020). Yabancı Ot Mücadelesi. [04 Jan. 2020] Available at: https://www.dekalb.com.tr/arama?tag=YABANCI%20OT
  • DeLougherty, R. L., Crookston, R. K. (1979). Harvest Index of corn affected by population density, maturity rating, and environment 1. Agronomy Journal, 71(4), 577-580.
  • Dogan, M.N., Boz, Ö. (2005). Comparison of weed problems in main and second crop maize (Zea mays L.) growing areas in Turkey. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 4(3), 220-224.
  • FAO (2020). Maize in human nutrition. [accessed on: 04 Jan. 2020] Available at: http://www.fao.org/3/t0395e/T0395E00.htm#Contents
  • Gupta, O.P. (1998). Weed management: Principles and practices. Agro Botanica, Bikaner, India, pp. 18-23.
  • Güngör, M. Uygur, F.N. (2005). Adana ili mısır ekim alanlarında yabancı otlara karşı uygulanan kimyasal mücadelenin önemi ve ortaya çıkan sorunların araştırılması, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek lisans Tezi, 171s. Adana.
  • Hall, R.M., Swanton CJ., Anderson WG. (2002). The critical period of weed control in grain maize (Zea mays). Weed Science Congress, 40: 441-447.
  • Hütsch, B.W., Schubert, S. (2017). Harvest index of maize (Zea mays L.): Are there possibilities for improvement?. In Advances in agronomy (Vol. 146, pp. 37-82). Academic Press.
  • IGC 2019. International Grains Council. [accessed on: 27 Jun. 2015] Available at: http://www.igc.int/en/default.aspx
  • Ion, V., Dicu, G., Dumbravă, M., Temocico, G., Alecu, I. N., Băşa, A. G., State, D. (2015). Harvest index at maize in different growing conditions. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 20(6), 10951.
  • Işık D., Dok M., Altop EK., Mennan H. (2015). Mısır yetiştiriciliğinde erken toprak işleme ve glyphosate’nin çıkış öncesi ve çıkış sonrası yabancı ot mücadele yöntemleri ile birlikte kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılması. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 21, 596- 605.
  • Khan, H., Marwat, K.B., Khan, M.A., Hashim, S. (2014). Herbicidal control of parthenium weed in maize. Pak. J. Bot, 46(2), 497-504.
  • MS (2015). Meteorological Service. [accessed on: 27 Jun. 2015] Available at: https://www.mgm.gov.tr/
  • Nandula, V.K. (2019). Herbicide Resistance Traits in Maize and Soybean: Current Status and Future Outlook. Plants, 8(9), 337.
  • Nielsen, R.L. (1988). Influence of hybrids and plant density on grain yield and stalk breakage in corn grown in 38 cm row width. Journal Production Agriculture, 1(3), 190–195.
  • Oerke, E.C., Dehne, H.W. (2004). Safeguarding protection-losses in major crops and the role of crop protection. Crop Protection, 23, 275-285.
  • Pala, F., Mennan, H. (2017a). Determination of existing weed management by conducting a survey with corn farmers in Diyarbakir. Central Anatolia Region Third Agriculture and Food Congress, 26-28 Oct., Sivas, Turkey.
  • Pala, F., Mennan, H. (2017b). Investigation of problems and considerations on weed control methods in field crops of Diyarbakir. International Conference on Multidisciplinary, Engineering, Science, Education and Technology, 27-29 Oct., Bitlis, Turkey.
  • Pala, F. (2019). Optimum application time of aclonifen active ingredient to weed management in lentils. 3. Anadolu Uluslararası Uygulamalı Bilimler Kongresi, 28-29 December, Diyarbakır, Turkey. Euroasia Journal of Matematics-Engineering Natural & Medical Sciences, pp. 27-33.
  • Pennington, D. (2013). Harvest index: A predictor of corn stover yield. [accessed on: 04 Jan. 2020] Available at: https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/harvest_index_a_predictor_of_corn_stover_yield
  • Peterson, P.M. (2013). Poaceae (Gramineae). In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0003689.pub2
  • PPP (2020). Plant Protection Products. [accessed on: 05 Jan. 2020] Available at: https://bku.tarim.gov.tr/
  • Puntener, W. (1981). Manual for field trials in plant protection. Second Edition. Ciba-Geigy Limited, Basle, Switzerland.
  • Rajcan, I., Swanton, C.J. (2001). Understanding maize–weed competition: resource competition, light quality and the whole plant. Field Crops Research, 71(2), 139-150.
  • Ravisankar, D. (2017). Weed Management in Herbicide Tolerant Transgenic Maize-A Review. Chem Sci Rev Lett, 6(24), 2364-2372.
  • Shrestha, A., Tapab, B., Subedib, R., Amgainb, L.P., Wasti, M. (2019). Effect of weed management in productivity of Spring Maize in Mid-hills of Nepal. Journal of Research in Weed Science, 2, 43-51. https://doi.org/10.26655/JRWEEDSCI.2019.1.4
  • Silva, P.S.L., Silva, P.I.B., Silva, K.M.B., Oliveira, V.R., Pontes Filho, F.S.T. (2011). Corn growth and yield in competition with weeds. Planta daninha, 29(4), 793-802.
  • Süzer, S. 2020. Mısır Tarımı. [accessed on: 02 Jan. 2020] Available at: http://hayrabolutb.org.tr/media/ziraat/Misir-Tarimi.pdf
  • Thonke, K.E. (1991). Political and practical approach in Scandinavia towards reducing herbicide inputs, Brighton Crop Protection Conference, Brighton, 1183 –1190.
  • TOB (2020). Mısır Hastalık ve Zararlıları İle Mücadele. [accessed on: 03 Jan. 2020] Available at: https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/GKGM/Belgeler/Bitki%20Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1%20Hizmetleri/hastalik_zararlilari_ile_m%C3%BCcadele_dokumanlari/misir.pdf
  • TÜİK (2018). Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. [accessed on: 03 Jan. 2020] Available at: http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/bitkiselapp/bitkisel.zul
  • UC-IPM (2020). Corn. [accessed on: 19 Apr. 2019] Available at: http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/r113700999.html
  • Wunderlich, S., Gatto, K.A. (2015). Consumer perception of genetically modified organisms and sources of information. Advances in Nutrition, 6(6), 842-851.
  • Zoschke, A. (1994). Toward reduced herbicide rates and adapted weed management. Weed Technol. 8, 376-386.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Fırat Pala 0000-0002-4394-8841

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Nisan 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: 18

Kaynak Göster

APA Pala, F. (2020). Transgenik Olmayan Mısırda (Zea mays L.) Yabancı Ot Mücedesinde Yaygın Olarak Kullanılan Herbisitlerin Karşılaştırılması. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(18), 312-318. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.670524