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Examining of the Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic Period on Anxiety and Quality of Life in Mother of Children with Special Needs

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 410 - 416, 20.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.33631/duzcesbed.871934

Öz

Aim: COVID-19 is a virus that was first identified as a result of research conducted in a group of patients who developed respiratory symptoms in China. This study was planned to examine the effect of COVID-19 pandemic period on anxiety and quality of life in mothers of children with special needs.
Material and Methods: Eighty-seven mothers with children with special needs and mean age 39.3 ± 8.94 yr were included in the study. Demographic data form, question form prepared for COVID-19 pandemic period, Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used.
Results: 83.9% (n=73) of the mothers had information about COVID-19, 57.5% (n=50) of them stated that their children's mental health was’nt affected by this process and 63.2% (n=55). However, 60.9% (n=53) reported that their health was affected during this process, but didn’t feel exhausted during this period. There was a significant difference between the child's mental health and the mother's social isolation score, which is NHP sub-parameter. A significant difference was found between the mother's mental health and the NHP sub-parameter, emotional reaction and social isolation scores. Significant difference between the mother's burnout status and NHP sub-parameter emotional reaction, sleep, social isolation , NHP T , BAI scores has been found.
Conclusions: COVID-19 affects the anxiety and quality of life of mothers with children with special needs. Therefore, studies with larger participation are needed in this field in the literature.

Kaynakça

  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 497-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.
  • Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. Epidemiology Working Group for NCIP Epidemic Response, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention 2020; 41(2): 145-51. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2020.02.003.
  • World Health Organization. WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic 2020. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronovirus-covid-19/news/news/2020/3/who-announces-covid-19-outbreak-a-pandemic.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü Bilimsel Danışma Kurulu Çalışması. (2020). Covıd-19 (sars-cov-2 enfeksiyonu) genel bilgiler, epidemiyoloji ve tanı rehberi, Ankara.
  • Coyne LW, Gould ER, Grimaldi M, Wilson KG, Baffuto G, Biglan A. First things first: parent psychological flexibility and self-compassion during COVID-19. Behav Anal Pract. 2020; 6(6): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-020-00435-w.
  • Golberstein E, Wen H, Miller BF. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and mental health for children and adolescents. JAMA Pediatr. 2020; 174(9): 819-20. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1456.
  • Fegert JM, Vitiello B, Plener PL, Clemens V. Challenges and burden of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for child and adolescent mental health: A narrative review to highlight clinical and research needs in the acute phase and the long return to normality. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2020; 12(12): 14-20.
  • Cui Y, Li Y, Zheng Y. Mental health services for children in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of an expert-based national survey among child and adolescent psychiatric hospitals. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2020; 11(6): 1-6.
  • Prime, H., Browne, D. T., & Wade, M. Risk and resilience in family well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. The American Psychologist. 2020; 75(5): 631-43. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp00006660.
  • Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS. et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the ınitial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(5): 1729.
  • Asbury K, Fox L, Deniz E. Kodu A, Toseeb U. How is COVID-19 Affecting the mental health of children with special educational needs and disabilities and their families?. J Autism Dev Disord. 2020; 51(5): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04577-2.
  • Goudie A, Narcisse MR, Hall DE, Kuo DZ. Financial and psychological stressors associated with caring for children with disability. Fam Syst Health. 2014; 32(3): 280-90.
  • Saxena R, Saxena SK. Preparing children for pandemics. In: Saxena S. (editor). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) medical virology: from pathogenesis to disease control. Springer, Singapore. 2020; 187-98. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4814-7_15.
  • Eshraghi AA, Li C, Alessandri M, Messinger DS, Eshraghi RS, Mittal R. et al. COVID-19: overcoming the challenges faced by individuals with autism and their families, Lancet Physiatry. 2020; 7(6): 481-3.
  • Lucic L, Brkljacic T, Brajsa-Zganec A. Effects of COVID-19 related restrictive measures on parents of children with developmental difficulties. J Child Serv. 2020; 15(4): 229-34. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCS-07-2020-0041.
  • Hastings RP. Parental stress and behaviour problems of children with developmental disability. J Intellect Dev Disabil. 2002; 27(3): 149-60.
  • Dore I, Caron J. Sante mentale: concepts, mesures et determinants [mental health: concepts, measures, determinants. Sante Ment Que. 2017; 42(1): 125-45.
  • The world health organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL): position paper from the World Health Organization. Soc Sci Med. 1995; 41(10): 1403-9.
  • Emerson E. Mothers of children and adolescents with intellectual disability: social and economic situation, mental health status, and the self‐assessed social and psychological impact of the child’s difficulties. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2003; 47(4): 385-99.
  • Hedov G, Anneren G, Wikblad K. Self-perceived health in Swedish parents of children with down's syndrome. Qual Life Res. 2000; 9(4): 415-22.
  • Mugno D, Ruta L, D'Arrigo VG, Mazzone L. Impairment of quality of life in parents of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorder. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2007; 22(5): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-5-22.
  • Alexander R, Ravi A, Barclay H, Sawhney I, Chester V, Malcolm V. et al. Langdon Guidance for the treatment and management of COVID-19 among people with intellectual disabilities. J Policy Pract Intellect Disabil. 2020; 17(3): 256-69.
  • Yıldız A, Tarakcı D, Hajebrahimi F, Mutluay F. Disabled children's functionality and maternal quality of life and psychological status. Pediatr Int. 2016; 58(12): 1291-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.13020. Epub 2016 Jul 27. PMID: 27085099.
  • Crowe T, Florez S. Time use of mothers with school-age children: A continuing impact of a child’s disability. Am J Occup Ther. 2006; 60(2): 194-203.
  • Bourke-Taylor H, Pallant JF, Law M, Howie L. Predicting mental health among mothers of school-aged children with developmental disabilities: the relative contribution of child, maternal and environmental factors. Res Dev Disabil. 2012; 33(6): 1732-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2012.04.011. Epub 2012 Jun 13. PMID: 22699247.
  • Bailey DB, Golden RN, Roberts J, Ford A. Maternal depression and developmental disability: A critique. Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2007; 13(3): 321-9.
  • Singer G. Meta-analysis of comparative studies of depression in mother’s of children with and without developmental disabilities. Am J Ment Retard. 2006; 111: 155-69.
  • Lee J. Maternal stress, well-being, and impaired sleep in mothers of children with developmental disabilities: a literature review. Res Dev Disabil. 2013; 34(11): 4255-73.
  • Hunt SM, McEwen J, McKenna SP. Measuring health stats: a new tool for clinicians and epidemiologists. J R Coll Gen Pract. 1985; 35(273): 185-8.
  • Küçükdeveci AA, McKenna SP, Kutlay S, Gürsel Y, Whalley D, Arasil T. The development and psychometric assessment of the Turkish version of the Nottingham Health Profile. Int J Rehabil Res. 2000; 23(1): 31-8.
  • Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric Properties.J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988; 56(6): 893-7.
  • Ulusoy M, Şahin N, Erkmen H. Turkish version of beck anxiety inventory: Psychometric properties. Int J Cogn Ther. 1998; 12(2): 163-72.
  • Marchetti D, Fontanesi L, Mazza C, Di Giandomenico S, Roma P, Verrocchio MC. Parenting-related exhaustion during the ıtalian COVID-19 lockdown. J Pediatr Psychol. 2020; 45(10): 1114-23. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa093.
  • Giallo R., Wood CE, Jellett R., Porter R. Fatigue, wellbeing and parental self-efficacy in mothers of children with an autism spectrum disorder. Autism. 2011; 17(4): 465-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361311416830.
  • Chu J, Richdale AL. Sleep quality and psychological wellbeing in mothers of children with developmental disabilities. Res Dev Disabil. 2009; 30(6): 1512-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2009.07.007.
  • Dhiman S, Kumar Sahu P, Reed WR, Ganesh GS, Goyal RK, Jain S. Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on mental health and perceived strain among caregivers tending children with special needs. Res Dev Disabil. 2020; 107(6): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103790.
  • Ng F, Trauer T, Dodd S, Callaly T, Campbell S, Berk M. The validity of the 21-item version of the depression anxiety stress scales as a routine clinical outcome measure. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2017;19(5): 304-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601 5215.2007.00217.x.

COVID-19 Pandemi Döneminin Özel Gereksinimli Çocuk Annelerinde Anksiyete ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 410 - 416, 20.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.33631/duzcesbed.871934

Öz

Amaç: COVID-19, ilk olarak Çin’de solunum yolu belirtileri gelişen bir grup hastada yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda tanımlanan bir virüstür. Bu çalışma, COVID-19 pandemi döneminin özel gereksinimli çocuk annelerinde anksiyete ve yaşam kalitesi üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amacıyla planlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Özel gereksinimli çocuğu olan, yaş ortalaması 39,3 ± 8,94 yıl olan 87 anne çalışmaya dahil edildi. Çalışmada demografik veri formu, COVID-19 ve pandemi dönemine ait hazırlanan soru formu, Nottingham Sağlık Profili (NSP) ve Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği (BAÖ) kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Annelerin %83,9’u (n=73) COVID-19 hakkında bilgisinin olduğunu, %57,5’i (n=50) çocuklarının ruh sağlığının bu süreçten etkilenmediğini ve %63,2’si (n=55) kendi ruh sağlıklarının bu süreçte etkilendiğini ancak %60,9’u (n=53) bu süreçte anne olarak kendini tükenmiş hissetmediğini bildirmiştir. Çocuğun ruh sağlığı ile annenin NSP alt parametresi olan sosyal izolasyon puanı arasında anlamlı fark bulunmuştur. Annenin ruh sağlığı ile NSP alt parametresi olan emosyonel reaksiyon ve sosyal izolasyon puanları arasında anlamlı fark bulunmuştur. Annenin tükenmişlik durumu ile NSP alt parametresi olan emosyonel reaksiyon, uyku, sosyal izolasyon, NSP toplam ve BAÖ puanları arasında anlamlı fark bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: COVID-19 özel gereksinimli çocuğa sahip annelerin anksiyete ve yaşam kalitelerini etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle literatürde bu alanda daha geniş popülasyonların dahil edildiği çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Kaynakça

  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 497-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.
  • Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. Epidemiology Working Group for NCIP Epidemic Response, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention 2020; 41(2): 145-51. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2020.02.003.
  • World Health Organization. WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic 2020. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronovirus-covid-19/news/news/2020/3/who-announces-covid-19-outbreak-a-pandemic.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü Bilimsel Danışma Kurulu Çalışması. (2020). Covıd-19 (sars-cov-2 enfeksiyonu) genel bilgiler, epidemiyoloji ve tanı rehberi, Ankara.
  • Coyne LW, Gould ER, Grimaldi M, Wilson KG, Baffuto G, Biglan A. First things first: parent psychological flexibility and self-compassion during COVID-19. Behav Anal Pract. 2020; 6(6): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-020-00435-w.
  • Golberstein E, Wen H, Miller BF. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and mental health for children and adolescents. JAMA Pediatr. 2020; 174(9): 819-20. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1456.
  • Fegert JM, Vitiello B, Plener PL, Clemens V. Challenges and burden of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for child and adolescent mental health: A narrative review to highlight clinical and research needs in the acute phase and the long return to normality. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2020; 12(12): 14-20.
  • Cui Y, Li Y, Zheng Y. Mental health services for children in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of an expert-based national survey among child and adolescent psychiatric hospitals. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2020; 11(6): 1-6.
  • Prime, H., Browne, D. T., & Wade, M. Risk and resilience in family well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. The American Psychologist. 2020; 75(5): 631-43. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp00006660.
  • Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS. et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the ınitial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(5): 1729.
  • Asbury K, Fox L, Deniz E. Kodu A, Toseeb U. How is COVID-19 Affecting the mental health of children with special educational needs and disabilities and their families?. J Autism Dev Disord. 2020; 51(5): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04577-2.
  • Goudie A, Narcisse MR, Hall DE, Kuo DZ. Financial and psychological stressors associated with caring for children with disability. Fam Syst Health. 2014; 32(3): 280-90.
  • Saxena R, Saxena SK. Preparing children for pandemics. In: Saxena S. (editor). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) medical virology: from pathogenesis to disease control. Springer, Singapore. 2020; 187-98. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4814-7_15.
  • Eshraghi AA, Li C, Alessandri M, Messinger DS, Eshraghi RS, Mittal R. et al. COVID-19: overcoming the challenges faced by individuals with autism and their families, Lancet Physiatry. 2020; 7(6): 481-3.
  • Lucic L, Brkljacic T, Brajsa-Zganec A. Effects of COVID-19 related restrictive measures on parents of children with developmental difficulties. J Child Serv. 2020; 15(4): 229-34. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCS-07-2020-0041.
  • Hastings RP. Parental stress and behaviour problems of children with developmental disability. J Intellect Dev Disabil. 2002; 27(3): 149-60.
  • Dore I, Caron J. Sante mentale: concepts, mesures et determinants [mental health: concepts, measures, determinants. Sante Ment Que. 2017; 42(1): 125-45.
  • The world health organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL): position paper from the World Health Organization. Soc Sci Med. 1995; 41(10): 1403-9.
  • Emerson E. Mothers of children and adolescents with intellectual disability: social and economic situation, mental health status, and the self‐assessed social and psychological impact of the child’s difficulties. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2003; 47(4): 385-99.
  • Hedov G, Anneren G, Wikblad K. Self-perceived health in Swedish parents of children with down's syndrome. Qual Life Res. 2000; 9(4): 415-22.
  • Mugno D, Ruta L, D'Arrigo VG, Mazzone L. Impairment of quality of life in parents of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorder. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2007; 22(5): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-5-22.
  • Alexander R, Ravi A, Barclay H, Sawhney I, Chester V, Malcolm V. et al. Langdon Guidance for the treatment and management of COVID-19 among people with intellectual disabilities. J Policy Pract Intellect Disabil. 2020; 17(3): 256-69.
  • Yıldız A, Tarakcı D, Hajebrahimi F, Mutluay F. Disabled children's functionality and maternal quality of life and psychological status. Pediatr Int. 2016; 58(12): 1291-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.13020. Epub 2016 Jul 27. PMID: 27085099.
  • Crowe T, Florez S. Time use of mothers with school-age children: A continuing impact of a child’s disability. Am J Occup Ther. 2006; 60(2): 194-203.
  • Bourke-Taylor H, Pallant JF, Law M, Howie L. Predicting mental health among mothers of school-aged children with developmental disabilities: the relative contribution of child, maternal and environmental factors. Res Dev Disabil. 2012; 33(6): 1732-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2012.04.011. Epub 2012 Jun 13. PMID: 22699247.
  • Bailey DB, Golden RN, Roberts J, Ford A. Maternal depression and developmental disability: A critique. Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2007; 13(3): 321-9.
  • Singer G. Meta-analysis of comparative studies of depression in mother’s of children with and without developmental disabilities. Am J Ment Retard. 2006; 111: 155-69.
  • Lee J. Maternal stress, well-being, and impaired sleep in mothers of children with developmental disabilities: a literature review. Res Dev Disabil. 2013; 34(11): 4255-73.
  • Hunt SM, McEwen J, McKenna SP. Measuring health stats: a new tool for clinicians and epidemiologists. J R Coll Gen Pract. 1985; 35(273): 185-8.
  • Küçükdeveci AA, McKenna SP, Kutlay S, Gürsel Y, Whalley D, Arasil T. The development and psychometric assessment of the Turkish version of the Nottingham Health Profile. Int J Rehabil Res. 2000; 23(1): 31-8.
  • Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric Properties.J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988; 56(6): 893-7.
  • Ulusoy M, Şahin N, Erkmen H. Turkish version of beck anxiety inventory: Psychometric properties. Int J Cogn Ther. 1998; 12(2): 163-72.
  • Marchetti D, Fontanesi L, Mazza C, Di Giandomenico S, Roma P, Verrocchio MC. Parenting-related exhaustion during the ıtalian COVID-19 lockdown. J Pediatr Psychol. 2020; 45(10): 1114-23. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa093.
  • Giallo R., Wood CE, Jellett R., Porter R. Fatigue, wellbeing and parental self-efficacy in mothers of children with an autism spectrum disorder. Autism. 2011; 17(4): 465-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361311416830.
  • Chu J, Richdale AL. Sleep quality and psychological wellbeing in mothers of children with developmental disabilities. Res Dev Disabil. 2009; 30(6): 1512-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2009.07.007.
  • Dhiman S, Kumar Sahu P, Reed WR, Ganesh GS, Goyal RK, Jain S. Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on mental health and perceived strain among caregivers tending children with special needs. Res Dev Disabil. 2020; 107(6): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103790.
  • Ng F, Trauer T, Dodd S, Callaly T, Campbell S, Berk M. The validity of the 21-item version of the depression anxiety stress scales as a routine clinical outcome measure. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2017;19(5): 304-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601 5215.2007.00217.x.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Feride Yarar 0000-0001-9938-7513

Seda Bayramoğlu 0000-0001-9392-0807

Hande Şenol 0000-0001-6395-7924

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Eylül 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Şubat 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Yarar, F., Bayramoğlu, S., & Şenol, H. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemi Döneminin Özel Gereksinimli Çocuk Annelerinde Anksiyete ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(3), 410-416. https://doi.org/10.33631/duzcesbed.871934
AMA Yarar F, Bayramoğlu S, Şenol H. COVID-19 Pandemi Döneminin Özel Gereksinimli Çocuk Annelerinde Anksiyete ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi. DÜ Sağlık Bil Enst Derg. Eylül 2021;11(3):410-416. doi:10.33631/duzcesbed.871934
Chicago Yarar, Feride, Seda Bayramoğlu, ve Hande Şenol. “COVID-19 Pandemi Döneminin Özel Gereksinimli Çocuk Annelerinde Anksiyete Ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi”. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 11, sy. 3 (Eylül 2021): 410-16. https://doi.org/10.33631/duzcesbed.871934.
EndNote Yarar F, Bayramoğlu S, Şenol H (01 Eylül 2021) COVID-19 Pandemi Döneminin Özel Gereksinimli Çocuk Annelerinde Anksiyete ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 11 3 410–416.
IEEE F. Yarar, S. Bayramoğlu, ve H. Şenol, “COVID-19 Pandemi Döneminin Özel Gereksinimli Çocuk Annelerinde Anksiyete ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi”, DÜ Sağlık Bil Enst Derg, c. 11, sy. 3, ss. 410–416, 2021, doi: 10.33631/duzcesbed.871934.
ISNAD Yarar, Feride vd. “COVID-19 Pandemi Döneminin Özel Gereksinimli Çocuk Annelerinde Anksiyete Ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi”. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 11/3 (Eylül 2021), 410-416. https://doi.org/10.33631/duzcesbed.871934.
JAMA Yarar F, Bayramoğlu S, Şenol H. COVID-19 Pandemi Döneminin Özel Gereksinimli Çocuk Annelerinde Anksiyete ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi. DÜ Sağlık Bil Enst Derg. 2021;11:410–416.
MLA Yarar, Feride vd. “COVID-19 Pandemi Döneminin Özel Gereksinimli Çocuk Annelerinde Anksiyete Ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi”. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 3, 2021, ss. 410-6, doi:10.33631/duzcesbed.871934.
Vancouver Yarar F, Bayramoğlu S, Şenol H. COVID-19 Pandemi Döneminin Özel Gereksinimli Çocuk Annelerinde Anksiyete ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi. DÜ Sağlık Bil Enst Derg. 2021;11(3):410-6.