Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Oxidative stress in chronic diseases: An Overview of Orange Peel Extracts

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 25 - 33, 28.02.2024

Lale Duysak Adil Furkan Kılıç

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10712659

Öz

Aim: Oxidative stress is a significant factor implicated in the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases, ranging from cardiovascular disorders and neurodegenerative conditions to metabolic syndrome and cancer. Antioxidants derived from natural sources have gained considerable attention due to their potential to combat oxidative stress and prevent disease progression. Orange peel extracts, in particular, have emerged as promising candidates for their rich content of bioactive compounds with potent antioxidant properties. In this study, we aimed to determine the antioxidant capacity of ethanol and methanol extracts of orange peel.
Methods: Ethanol and methanol extracts from orange peel were obtained. The Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent (FCR) was used to determine the total phenolic component levels in the extracts of orange peel. By using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil), FRAP (Iron ion reducing antioxidant power), and CUPRAC (Cu2+ ions reducing) techniques, antioxidant activities were assessed. To calculate the extract's equivalent antioxidant capacity, different reference sample concentrations ranging from 250 to 1000 g/mL were made.
Results: The greatest concentration of the phenolic component in the methanol and ethanol-extracted orange peel extracts was 1000 µL/mL. The maximum values for the extracts’ FRAP, CUPRAC (Trolox Eq g/mL), and DPPH radical scavenging capacity (inhibition%) were determined at a concentration of 1000 µL/mL. Ethanol extract showed higher antioxidant capacity compared to methanol extract.
Conclusion: Orange peel extracts demonstrate considerable promise as natural therapeutic agents for alleviating oxidative stress and its associated burden on chronic diseases. Our findings could improve the way orange peels are used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. However, further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms of action, optimal extraction method, optimal dosages, and potential side effects of the extracts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antioxidant chronic diseases ethanol extract methanol orange peel

Etik Beyan

The authors declare that ethics committee approval is not required for this study.

Kaynakça

  • Abd El-Aziz, N. M., Shehata, M. G., Alsulami, T., Badr, A. N., Elbakatoshy, M. R., Ali, H. S., & El-Sohaimy, S. A. (2022). Characterization of Orange Peel Extract and Its Potential Protective Effect against Aluminum Chloride-Induced Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 16(1). doi:10.3390/ph16010012
  • Ahmad, M., Ansari, M., Alam, A., & Khan, T. (2013). Oral dose of citrus peel extracts promotes wound repair in diabetic rats. Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS, 16(20), 1086-1094.
  • Anagnostopoulou, M. A., Kefalas, P., Papageorgiou, V. P., Assimopoulou, A. N., & Boskou, D. (2006). Radical scavenging activity of various extracts and fractions of sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis). Food chemistry, 94(1), 19-25.
  • Apak, R., Guclu, K., Ozyurek, M., & Karademir, S. E. (2004). Novel total antioxidant capacity index for dietary polyphenols and vitamins C and E, using their cupric ion reducing capability in the presence of neocuproine: CUPRAC method. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 52(26), 7970-7981. doi:10.1021/jf048741x
  • Babbar, N., Oberoi, H. S., Uppal, D. S., & Patil, R. T. (2011). Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of extracts obtained from six important fruit residues. Food research international, 44(1), 391-396.
  • Belitz, H.-D., Grosch, W., Belitz, H.-D., & Grosch, W. (1999). Fruits and fruit products. Food Chemistry, 748-800.
  • Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M.-E., & Berset, C. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 28(1), 25-30.
  • Caccioni, D. R., Guizzardi, M., Biondi, D. M., Renda, A., & Ruberto, G. (1998). Relationship between volatile components of citrus fruit essential oils and antimicrobial action on Penicillium digitatum and penicillium italicum. Int J Food Microbiol, 43(1-2), 73-79. doi:10.1016/s0168-1605(98)00099-3
  • Chedea, V. S., Kefalas, P., & Socaciu, C. (2010). Patterns of carotenoid pigments extracted from two orange peel wastes (Valencia and Navel var.). Journal of Food Biochemistry, 34(1), 101-110.
  • Chen, X.-M., Tait, A. R., & Kitts, D. D. (2017). Flavonoid composition of orange peel and its association with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Food chemistry, 218, 15-21.
  • Chen, Z. T., Chu, H. L., Chyau, C. C., Chu, C. C., & Duh, P. D. (2012). Protective effects of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel and their bioactive compounds on oxidative stress. Food Chem, 135(4), 2119-2127. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.041
  • Darenskaya, M. A., Kolesnikova, L. I., & Kolesnikov, S. I. (2021). Oxidative Stress: Pathogenetic Role in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications and Therapeutic Approaches to Correction. Bull Exp Biol Med, 171(2), 179-189. doi:10.1007/s10517-021-05191-7
  • De la Torre, I., Martin-Dominguez, V., Acedos, M. G., Esteban, J., Santos, V., & Ladero, M. (2019). Utilisation/upgrading of orange peel waste from a biological biorefinery perspective. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 103, 5975-5991.
  • Gorinstein, S., Martı́n-Belloso, O., Park, Y.-S., Haruenkit, R., Lojek, A., Ĉı́ž, M., . . . Trakhtenberg, S. (2001). Comparison of some biochemical characteristics of different citrus fruits. Food chemistry, 74(3), 309-315.
  • Gosslau, A., Chen, K. Y., Ho, C.-T., & Li, S. (2014). Anti-inflammatory effects of characterized orange peel extracts enriched with bioactive polymethoxyflavones. Food Science and Human Wellness, 3(1), 26-35.
  • Gosslau, A., Zachariah, E., Li, S., & Ho, C.-T. (2018). Effects of a flavonoid-enriched orange peel extract against type 2 diabetes in the obese ZDF rat model. Food Science and Human Wellness, 7(4), 244-251.
  • Güzel, M., & Akpınar, Ö. (2017). Turunçgil kabuklarının biyoaktif bileşenleri ve antioksidan aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 153-167.
  • Hegazy, A., & Ibrahium, M. (2012). Antioxidant activities of orange peel extracts. World applied sciences journal, 18(5), 684-688.
  • Huang, D. J., Ou, B. X., & Prior, R. L. (2005). The chemistry behind antioxidant capacity assays. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 53(6), 1841-1856. doi:10.1021/jf030723c
  • Hussain, T., Tan, B., Yin, Y., Blachier, F., Tossou, M. C., & Rahu, N. (2016). Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: What Polyphenols Can Do for Us? Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2016, 7432797. doi:10.1155/2016/7432797
  • Iannazzo, D., Celesti, C., Espro, C., Ferlazzo, A., Giofrè, S. V., Scuderi, M., . . . Di Pietro, A. (2022). Orange-Peel-Derived Nanobiochar for Targeted Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics, 14(10). doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14102249
  • Irina, I., Cédric, P., Ghoul, M., & Boudhrioua, N. (2017). Antioxidants of Maltease orange peel: Comparative investigation of the efficiency of four extraction methods. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 7(11), 126-135.
  • Jelic, M. D., Mandic, A. D., Maricic, S. M., & Srdjenovic, B. U. (2021). Oxidative stress and its role in cancer. J Cancer Res Ther, 17(1), 22-28. doi:10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_862_16
  • Khosravi, M., Poursaleh, A., Ghasempour, G., Farhad, S., & Najafi, M. (2019). The effects of oxidative stress on the development of atherosclerosis. Biol Chem, 400(6), 711-732. doi:10.1515/hsz-2018-0397
  • Lai, C., Liang, Y., Zhang, L., Huang, J., Kaliaperumal, K., Jiang, Y., & Zhang, J. (2022). Variations of Bioactive Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Capacity of Navel Orange Peel in Response to Different Drying Methods. Antioxidants, 11(8), 1543.
  • Liew, S. S., Ho, W. Y., Yeap, S. K., & Sharifudin, S. A. B. (2018). Phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activities of Citrus sinensis peel extracts. PeerJ, 6, e5331. doi:10.7717/peerj.5331
  • Liguori, I., Russo, G., Curcio, F., Bulli, G., Aran, L., Della-Morte, D., . . . Abete, P. (2018). Oxidative stress, aging, and diseases. Clin Interv Aging, 13, 757-772. doi:10.2147/cia.s158513
  • Mahato, N., Sinha, M., Sharma, K., Koteswararao, R., & Cho, M. H. (2019). Modern extraction and purification techniques for obtaining high purity food-grade bioactive compounds and value-added co-products from citrus wastes. Foods, 8(11), 523.
  • Oboh, G., & Ademosun, A. (2012). Characterization of the antioxidant properties of phenolic extracts from some citrus peels. Journal of food science and technology, 49, 729-736.
  • Oboh, G., & Ademosun, A. O. (2012). Characterization of the antioxidant properties of phenolic extracts from some citrus peels. J Food Sci Technol, 49(6), 729-736. doi:10.1007/s13197-010-0222-y
  • Panwar, D., Saini, A., Panesar, P. S., & Chopra, H. K. (2021). Unraveling the scientific perspectives of citrus by-products utilization: Progress towards circular economy. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 111, 549-562.
  • Papagianni, O., Argyri, K., Loukas, T., Magkoutis, A., Biagki, T., Skalkos, D., . . . Koutelidakis, A. E. (2021). Postprandial Bioactivity of a Spread Cheese Enriched with Mountain Tea and Orange Peel Extract in Plasma Oxidative Stress Status, Serum Lipids and Glucose Levels: An Interventional Study in Healthy Adults. Biomolecules, 11(8). doi:10.3390/biom11081241
  • Rezzadori, K., Benedetti, S., & Amante, E. (2012). Proposals for the residues recovery: Orange waste as raw material for new products. Food and bioproducts processing, 90(4), 606-614.
  • Sawalha, S. M., Arráez-Román, D., Segura-Carretero, A., & Fernández-Gutiérrez, A. (2009). Quantification of main phenolic compounds in sweet and bitter orange peel using CE–MS/MS. Food Chemistry, 116(2), 567-574.
  • Shehata, M. G., Awad, T. S., Asker, D., El Sohaimy, S. A., Abd El-Aziz, N. M., & Youssef, M. M. (2021). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS polyphenolic profile of sweet orange peel extracts. Current research in food science, 4, 326-335.
  • Slinkard, K., & Singleton, V. L. (1977). Total phenol analysis: automation and comparison with manual methods. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 28(1), 49-55.
  • Tajaldini, M., Samadi, F., Khosravi, A., Ghasemnejad, A., & Asadi, J. (2020). Protective and anticancer effects of orange peel extract and naringin in doxorubicin treated esophageal cancer stem cell xenograft tumor mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother, 121, 109594. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109594
  • Teleanu, D. M., Niculescu, A. G., Lungu, II, Radu, C. I., Vladâcenco, O., Roza, E., . . . Teleanu, R. I. (2022). An Overview of Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci, 23(11). doi:10.3390/ijms23115938
  • Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Lai, C., Liang, Y., Gao, L., Kaliaperumal, K., & Jiang, Y. (2022). Nutraceutical potential of navel orange peel in diabetes management: The chemical profile, antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory and antiglycation effects of its flavonoids. Food Bioscience, 49, 101943.

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 25 - 33, 28.02.2024

Lale Duysak Adil Furkan Kılıç

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10712659

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abd El-Aziz, N. M., Shehata, M. G., Alsulami, T., Badr, A. N., Elbakatoshy, M. R., Ali, H. S., & El-Sohaimy, S. A. (2022). Characterization of Orange Peel Extract and Its Potential Protective Effect against Aluminum Chloride-Induced Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 16(1). doi:10.3390/ph16010012
  • Ahmad, M., Ansari, M., Alam, A., & Khan, T. (2013). Oral dose of citrus peel extracts promotes wound repair in diabetic rats. Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS, 16(20), 1086-1094.
  • Anagnostopoulou, M. A., Kefalas, P., Papageorgiou, V. P., Assimopoulou, A. N., & Boskou, D. (2006). Radical scavenging activity of various extracts and fractions of sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis). Food chemistry, 94(1), 19-25.
  • Apak, R., Guclu, K., Ozyurek, M., & Karademir, S. E. (2004). Novel total antioxidant capacity index for dietary polyphenols and vitamins C and E, using their cupric ion reducing capability in the presence of neocuproine: CUPRAC method. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 52(26), 7970-7981. doi:10.1021/jf048741x
  • Babbar, N., Oberoi, H. S., Uppal, D. S., & Patil, R. T. (2011). Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of extracts obtained from six important fruit residues. Food research international, 44(1), 391-396.
  • Belitz, H.-D., Grosch, W., Belitz, H.-D., & Grosch, W. (1999). Fruits and fruit products. Food Chemistry, 748-800.
  • Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M.-E., & Berset, C. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 28(1), 25-30.
  • Caccioni, D. R., Guizzardi, M., Biondi, D. M., Renda, A., & Ruberto, G. (1998). Relationship between volatile components of citrus fruit essential oils and antimicrobial action on Penicillium digitatum and penicillium italicum. Int J Food Microbiol, 43(1-2), 73-79. doi:10.1016/s0168-1605(98)00099-3
  • Chedea, V. S., Kefalas, P., & Socaciu, C. (2010). Patterns of carotenoid pigments extracted from two orange peel wastes (Valencia and Navel var.). Journal of Food Biochemistry, 34(1), 101-110.
  • Chen, X.-M., Tait, A. R., & Kitts, D. D. (2017). Flavonoid composition of orange peel and its association with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Food chemistry, 218, 15-21.
  • Chen, Z. T., Chu, H. L., Chyau, C. C., Chu, C. C., & Duh, P. D. (2012). Protective effects of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel and their bioactive compounds on oxidative stress. Food Chem, 135(4), 2119-2127. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.041
  • Darenskaya, M. A., Kolesnikova, L. I., & Kolesnikov, S. I. (2021). Oxidative Stress: Pathogenetic Role in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications and Therapeutic Approaches to Correction. Bull Exp Biol Med, 171(2), 179-189. doi:10.1007/s10517-021-05191-7
  • De la Torre, I., Martin-Dominguez, V., Acedos, M. G., Esteban, J., Santos, V., & Ladero, M. (2019). Utilisation/upgrading of orange peel waste from a biological biorefinery perspective. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 103, 5975-5991.
  • Gorinstein, S., Martı́n-Belloso, O., Park, Y.-S., Haruenkit, R., Lojek, A., Ĉı́ž, M., . . . Trakhtenberg, S. (2001). Comparison of some biochemical characteristics of different citrus fruits. Food chemistry, 74(3), 309-315.
  • Gosslau, A., Chen, K. Y., Ho, C.-T., & Li, S. (2014). Anti-inflammatory effects of characterized orange peel extracts enriched with bioactive polymethoxyflavones. Food Science and Human Wellness, 3(1), 26-35.
  • Gosslau, A., Zachariah, E., Li, S., & Ho, C.-T. (2018). Effects of a flavonoid-enriched orange peel extract against type 2 diabetes in the obese ZDF rat model. Food Science and Human Wellness, 7(4), 244-251.
  • Güzel, M., & Akpınar, Ö. (2017). Turunçgil kabuklarının biyoaktif bileşenleri ve antioksidan aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 153-167.
  • Hegazy, A., & Ibrahium, M. (2012). Antioxidant activities of orange peel extracts. World applied sciences journal, 18(5), 684-688.
  • Huang, D. J., Ou, B. X., & Prior, R. L. (2005). The chemistry behind antioxidant capacity assays. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 53(6), 1841-1856. doi:10.1021/jf030723c
  • Hussain, T., Tan, B., Yin, Y., Blachier, F., Tossou, M. C., & Rahu, N. (2016). Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: What Polyphenols Can Do for Us? Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2016, 7432797. doi:10.1155/2016/7432797
  • Iannazzo, D., Celesti, C., Espro, C., Ferlazzo, A., Giofrè, S. V., Scuderi, M., . . . Di Pietro, A. (2022). Orange-Peel-Derived Nanobiochar for Targeted Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics, 14(10). doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14102249
  • Irina, I., Cédric, P., Ghoul, M., & Boudhrioua, N. (2017). Antioxidants of Maltease orange peel: Comparative investigation of the efficiency of four extraction methods. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 7(11), 126-135.
  • Jelic, M. D., Mandic, A. D., Maricic, S. M., & Srdjenovic, B. U. (2021). Oxidative stress and its role in cancer. J Cancer Res Ther, 17(1), 22-28. doi:10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_862_16
  • Khosravi, M., Poursaleh, A., Ghasempour, G., Farhad, S., & Najafi, M. (2019). The effects of oxidative stress on the development of atherosclerosis. Biol Chem, 400(6), 711-732. doi:10.1515/hsz-2018-0397
  • Lai, C., Liang, Y., Zhang, L., Huang, J., Kaliaperumal, K., Jiang, Y., & Zhang, J. (2022). Variations of Bioactive Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Capacity of Navel Orange Peel in Response to Different Drying Methods. Antioxidants, 11(8), 1543.
  • Liew, S. S., Ho, W. Y., Yeap, S. K., & Sharifudin, S. A. B. (2018). Phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activities of Citrus sinensis peel extracts. PeerJ, 6, e5331. doi:10.7717/peerj.5331
  • Liguori, I., Russo, G., Curcio, F., Bulli, G., Aran, L., Della-Morte, D., . . . Abete, P. (2018). Oxidative stress, aging, and diseases. Clin Interv Aging, 13, 757-772. doi:10.2147/cia.s158513
  • Mahato, N., Sinha, M., Sharma, K., Koteswararao, R., & Cho, M. H. (2019). Modern extraction and purification techniques for obtaining high purity food-grade bioactive compounds and value-added co-products from citrus wastes. Foods, 8(11), 523.
  • Oboh, G., & Ademosun, A. (2012). Characterization of the antioxidant properties of phenolic extracts from some citrus peels. Journal of food science and technology, 49, 729-736.
  • Oboh, G., & Ademosun, A. O. (2012). Characterization of the antioxidant properties of phenolic extracts from some citrus peels. J Food Sci Technol, 49(6), 729-736. doi:10.1007/s13197-010-0222-y
  • Panwar, D., Saini, A., Panesar, P. S., & Chopra, H. K. (2021). Unraveling the scientific perspectives of citrus by-products utilization: Progress towards circular economy. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 111, 549-562.
  • Papagianni, O., Argyri, K., Loukas, T., Magkoutis, A., Biagki, T., Skalkos, D., . . . Koutelidakis, A. E. (2021). Postprandial Bioactivity of a Spread Cheese Enriched with Mountain Tea and Orange Peel Extract in Plasma Oxidative Stress Status, Serum Lipids and Glucose Levels: An Interventional Study in Healthy Adults. Biomolecules, 11(8). doi:10.3390/biom11081241
  • Rezzadori, K., Benedetti, S., & Amante, E. (2012). Proposals for the residues recovery: Orange waste as raw material for new products. Food and bioproducts processing, 90(4), 606-614.
  • Sawalha, S. M., Arráez-Román, D., Segura-Carretero, A., & Fernández-Gutiérrez, A. (2009). Quantification of main phenolic compounds in sweet and bitter orange peel using CE–MS/MS. Food Chemistry, 116(2), 567-574.
  • Shehata, M. G., Awad, T. S., Asker, D., El Sohaimy, S. A., Abd El-Aziz, N. M., & Youssef, M. M. (2021). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS polyphenolic profile of sweet orange peel extracts. Current research in food science, 4, 326-335.
  • Slinkard, K., & Singleton, V. L. (1977). Total phenol analysis: automation and comparison with manual methods. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 28(1), 49-55.
  • Tajaldini, M., Samadi, F., Khosravi, A., Ghasemnejad, A., & Asadi, J. (2020). Protective and anticancer effects of orange peel extract and naringin in doxorubicin treated esophageal cancer stem cell xenograft tumor mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother, 121, 109594. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109594
  • Teleanu, D. M., Niculescu, A. G., Lungu, II, Radu, C. I., Vladâcenco, O., Roza, E., . . . Teleanu, R. I. (2022). An Overview of Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci, 23(11). doi:10.3390/ijms23115938
  • Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Lai, C., Liang, Y., Gao, L., Kaliaperumal, K., & Jiang, Y. (2022). Nutraceutical potential of navel orange peel in diabetes management: The chemical profile, antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory and antiglycation effects of its flavonoids. Food Bioscience, 49, 101943.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eczacılık Biyokimyası, İç Hastalıkları
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Lale Duysak

Adil Furkan Kılıç

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Şubat 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 26 Şubat 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Duysak, L., & Kılıç, A. F. (2024). Oxidative stress in chronic diseases: An Overview of Orange Peel Extracts. Current Research in Health Sciences, 1(1), 25-33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10712659
AMA Duysak L, Kılıç AF. Oxidative stress in chronic diseases: An Overview of Orange Peel Extracts. Curr Res Health Sci. Şubat 2024;1(1):25-33. doi:10.5281/zenodo.10712659
Chicago Duysak, Lale, ve Adil Furkan Kılıç. “Oxidative Stress in Chronic Diseases: An Overview of Orange Peel Extracts”. Current Research in Health Sciences 1, sy. 1 (Şubat 2024): 25-33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10712659.
EndNote Duysak L, Kılıç AF (01 Şubat 2024) Oxidative stress in chronic diseases: An Overview of Orange Peel Extracts. Current Research in Health Sciences 1 1 25–33.
IEEE L. Duysak ve A. F. Kılıç, “Oxidative stress in chronic diseases: An Overview of Orange Peel Extracts”, Curr Res Health Sci, c. 1, sy. 1, ss. 25–33, 2024, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.10712659.
ISNAD Duysak, Lale - Kılıç, Adil Furkan. “Oxidative Stress in Chronic Diseases: An Overview of Orange Peel Extracts”. Current Research in Health Sciences 1/1 (Şubat 2024), 25-33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10712659.
JAMA Duysak L, Kılıç AF. Oxidative stress in chronic diseases: An Overview of Orange Peel Extracts. Curr Res Health Sci. 2024;1:25–33.
MLA Duysak, Lale ve Adil Furkan Kılıç. “Oxidative Stress in Chronic Diseases: An Overview of Orange Peel Extracts”. Current Research in Health Sciences, c. 1, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 25-33, doi:10.5281/zenodo.10712659.
Vancouver Duysak L, Kılıç AF. Oxidative stress in chronic diseases: An Overview of Orange Peel Extracts. Curr Res Health Sci. 2024;1(1):25-33.
 Kapak Resmi İndir

Content of this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License

30426