Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Counting Results of Great Bustard (Otis tarda, Linnaeus, 1758) between 2013-2020 in Eskişehir, Kütahya, and Afyonkarahisar Provinces

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 39 - 50, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.867208

Öz

The Great Bustard (Otis tarda, Linneaus 1758) is a bird species categorized as “Least Concern” in Europe and “Vulnerable” in the world by the IUCN and listed in both CITES and the Bern Convention Annex II. According to the latest estimates, Turkey’s population makes up only 1-2% of the global population, which is represented by 44.000-57.000 individuals. This population study was carried out in 7 different locations in Eskişehir, Kütahya, and Afyonkarahisar provinces between March 2013 and January 2020. In summary, the surveyed areas were recorded as having a total wintering population of 205 individuals, a total breeding population of 100 individuals, and a total summering population of 70 individuals. The surveyed areas represent an average of 17-29% of Turkey’s population in wintering period, an average of 8-14% of Turkey’s population in breeding period, and an average of 6-10% of Turkey’s population in summering period. Urgent implementation of protective measures is required to prevent the population decline of the Great Bustard within the study areas. Detailed ethological studies on the species are recommended as a means of creating new measures to not only stop population decline but to promote population growth to healthy levels.

Destekleyen Kurum

Eskişehir Osmangazi University Scientific Research Project Commission

Proje Numarası

201319008 (2013-64) and 201619A232 (2016-1345)

Teşekkür

This article has been produced from the PhD thesis titled "Behavior and Population Characteristics of Great Bustard (Otis tarda, Linnaeus 1758) Living in Eskişehir, Kütahya and Afyonkarahisar Province (644887)" conducted in the Department of Biology of Eskişehir Osmangazi University. Also, this article is the results of Scientific Research Project (BAP) coded 201319008 (2013-64) and 201619A232 (2016-1345) supported by Eskişehir Osmangazi University Scientific Research Project Commusion. Finally, we would like to thank employees of Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Kütahya, Eskişehir and Afyonkarahisar Nature Conservation and National Parks for help.

Kaynakça

  • Abdulkarimi, R., Daneshyar, M., & Barati, A. (2010). Current status of the Great Bustard (Otis tarda) in Boukan, West Azerbaijan, Iran. Podoces, 5(1), 63-68.
  • Alonso, J.C., Morales, M.B., & Alonso, J.A. (2000). Partial migration, and lek and nesting area fidelity in female Great Bustards. The Condor, 102, 127-136.
  • Alonso, J.A., Martin, C.A., Alonso, J.C., Morales, M.B., & Lane, S.J. (2001). Seasonal movements of male Great Bustards in Central Spain. Journal of Field Ornithology, 72(4), 504-508. https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-72.4.504
  • Alonso, J.C., Martin, C.A., Palacin, C., Magana, M., & Martin, B. (2003a). Distribution, size and recent trends of the Great Bustard (Otis tarda) population in Madrid Region, Spain. Ardeola, 50(1), 21-29.
  • Alonso, J.C., Palacin, C., & Martin, C.A. (2003b). Status and recent trends of the Great Bustard (Otis tarda) population in the İberian Peninsula. Biological Conservation, 110, 185-195.
  • Alonso, J.C., Martin, C.A., Palacin, C., Martin, B., & Magana, M. (2005a). The Great Bustard (Otis tarda) in Andalusia, Southern Spain: status, distribution and trends. Ardeola, 52(1), 67-78.
  • Alonso, J.C., Palacin, C., Martin, C.A., Mouati, N., Arhzaf, Z.L., & Azizi, D. (2005b). The Great Bustard (Otis tarda) in Morocco: a re-evaluation of its status based on recent survey results. Ardeola, 52(1), 79-90.
  • Alonso, J.C., & Palacin, C. (2010). The world status and population trends of the Great Bustard (Otis tarda): 2010 update. Chinese Birds, 1(2), 141-147.
  • Azizoğlu, E. (2013). Yüksekova (Hakkari) Nehil Sazlığı Ornitofaunası Üzerine Bir Araştırma (324444). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/giris.jsp
  • Bernardino, J., Bevanger, K., Barrientos, R., Dwyer, J.F., Marques, A.T., Martins, R.C.,……., & Moreira, F. (2018). Bird collisions with power lines: State of the art and priority areas for Research. Biological Conservation, 222, 1-13.
  • BirdLife International, (2017). Otis tarda. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22691900A119044104. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22691900A119044104.en
  • Bravo, C., Ponce, C., Palacín, C., & Alonso, J.C. (2012). Diet of young Great Bustards Otis tarda in Spain: sexual and seasonal differences. Bird Study, 59(2), 243-251. https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2012.662940
  • Eken, G., Bozdoğan, M., İsfendiyaroğlu, S., Kılıç, D.T., & Lise, Y. (Eds.). (2006). Türkiye’nin Önemli Doğa Alanları [Key Biodiversity Areas of Turkey]. Doğa Derneği, Ankara, 34-35 ve 242-243, Turkey.
  • Gao, X., Yang, W., Qiao, J., Yao, J., & Xu, K. (2008). Distribution and status of Bustards in China. Frontiers of Biology in China, 3(4), 385-391.
  • Hellmich, J., & Idaghdour, Y. (2002). The Great Bustard (Otis tarda) population in Morocco 1998-2001. Bird Conservation International, 12, 19-33.
  • Horreo, J.L., Palacin, C., Alonso, J.C., & Mila, B. (2013). A link between historical population decline in the threatened great bustard and human expansion in Iberia: evidence from genetic and demographic data. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 110, 518–527.
  • Karakaş, R., & Akarsu, F. (2009). Recent status and distribution of the Great Bustard (Otis tarda), in Turkey. Zoology in the Middle East, 48, 25-34.
  • Karakaya, M., Karataş, M.M., & Özelmas, Ü. (2017). Agricultural pesticides used in Eskişehir and Kütahya population areas of Great Bustard (Otis tarda). Commagene Journal of Biology, 1(1), 25-30.
  • Karataş, M.M. (2012). Kütahya/Altıntaş Ovasındaki Büyük Toy Kuşu (Otis tarda, Linnaeus, 1758)'nın Populasyonu Üzerine Bir Çalışma (317867). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/giris.jsp
  • Karataş, M.M., & Özelmas, Ü. (2013). The study on the population of Great Bustard (Otis tarda) in Altıntaş plain, Kütahya/Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 6(3), 92-96.
  • Karataş, M.M., Karakaya, M., & Özelmas, Ü. (2015). Agricultural pesticides used on Central West Anatolian (Eskişehir/Turkey) population areas of Great Bustard (Otis tarda). Biological Diversity and Conservation, 8(3), 254-258.
  • Kessler, A.E., Batbayar, N., Natsagdorj, T., Batsuur, D., & Smith, A.T. (2013). Satellite telemetry reveals long-distance migration in the Asian great bustard Otis tarda dybowskii. Journal of Avian Biology, 44, 311–320.
  • Kılıç, A., & Karakaş, R. (2005). Recent observation on the Great Bustard (Otis tarda), in South-eastern Anatolia. Zoology in the Middle East, 35, 99-102.
  • Lemus, J.A., Bravo, C., Garcia-Montijano, M., Palacin, C., Ponce, C., Magana, M., & Alonso, J. C. (2011). Side effects of rodent control on non-target species: rodenticides increase parasite and pathogen burden in Great Bustards. Science of The Total Environment, 409 (22), 4729-4734.
  • Martin, C.A., Alonso, J.C., Alonso, J.A., Palacin, C., Magana, M., & Martin, B. (2007). Sex-biased Juvenile survival in a bird with extreme size dimorphism, the Great Bustard (Otis tarda). Journal of Avian Biology, 38, 335-346. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2007.0908-8857.03811.x
  • Magana, M., Alonso, J.C., Martin, C.A., Bautista, L.M., & Martin, B. (2010). Nest-site selection by Great Bustards (Otis tarda) suggests a trade-off between concealment and visibility. İbis, 152, 77-89.
  • Martinez, C. (2008). Distribution, density and productivity of Great Bustards (Otis tarda) in Northwestern Spain: a regional approach. Journal of Ornithology, 149, 507-514.
  • Morales, M.B., Alonso, J.C., Alonso, J.A., & Martin, E. (2000). Migration patterns in male Great Bustards (Otis tarda). The Auk, 117(2), 493–498.
  • Morales, M.B., & Martin, C.A. (2002). Great Bustard (Otis tarda). BWP Update, 4(3), 1-16.
  • Morgado, R., & Moreira, F. (2000). Seasonal population dynamics, nest site selection, sex-ratio and clutch size of the Great Bustard (Otis tarda) in two adjacent lekking areas. Ardeola, 47(2), 237-246.
  • Özbağdatlı, N., & Tavares, J.P. (2006). The situation of Great and Little Bustard in Turkey, Bustard conservation in Europe in the Last 15 years; current trends, best practise and future priorities, RSBP/Birdlife, UK, p;33-38. Retrieved from https://www.dogadernegi.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Great-and-little-bustard-in-Turkey-toy-makale.pdf
  • Özelmas, Ü., & Karakaya, M. (2011). The ornithofauna of Eskişehir/Türkiye. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 4(2), 19-28.
  • Palacin, C., & Alonso, J.C. (2008). An updated estimate of the world status and population trends of the Great Bustard (Otis tarda). Ardeola, 55(1), 13-25.
  • Palacin, C., Alonso, J.C., Alonso, J.A., Martin, C.A., Magana, M., & Martin, B. (2009). Differential migration by sex in the Great Bustard: possible consequences of an extreme sexual size dimorphism. Ethology, 115, 617-626.
  • Palacin, C., Alonso, J.C., Alonso, J.A., Magana, M., & Martin, C.A. (2011). Cultural transmission and flexibility of partial migration patterns in a long-lived bird, the great bustard Otis tarda. Journal of Avian Biology, 42, 301-308.
  • Palacin, C., Martín, B., Onrubia, A., & Alonso, J.C. (2016). Assessing the extinction risk of the great bustard Otis tarda in Africa. Endangered Species Research, 30, 73-82. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00726
  • Per, E., Özbek, M.U., Uzunhisarcıklı, M.E., & Bilgili, B. (2012). Great Bustard Otis tarda in Turkey: adult female with three chicks at forest edge in Kars province. Sandgrouse, 34,148-150.
  • Pinto, M., Rocha, P., & Moreira, F. (2005). Long-term trends in Great Bustard (Otis tarda) populations in Portugal suggest concentration in single high quality area. Biological Conservation, 124, 415-423.
  • Raab, R., Spakovszky, P., Julius, E., Schutz, C., & Schulze, C.H. (2010). Effects of powerlines on flight behaviour of the West-Pannonian Great Bustard (Otis tarda) population. Bird Conservation International, 21(02), 142-155. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959270910000432
  • Raab, R., Schutz, C., Spakovszky, P., Julius, E., & Schulze, C.H. (2012). Underground cabling and marking of power lines: conservation measures rapidly reduced mortality of West Pannonian Great Bustards Otis tarda. Bird Conservation International, 22, 299-306. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959270911000463
  • Tanrıverdi, A. (2015). Muş ili sınırları içindeki Toy Kuşu (Otis tarda L., 1758)’nun Üreme Ekolojisi Üzerine Araştırmalar (398781). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/giris.jsp
  • Sastre, P., Ponce, C., Palacin, C., Martin, C.A., & Alonso, J.C. (2009). Disturbances to Great Bustards (Otis tarda) in Central Spain: human activities, bird responses and management implications. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 55, 425-432.
  • Wang, M., González, M.A., Yang, W., Neuhaus, P., Blanco-Fontao, B., Ruckstuhl, K.E. (2018). The Probable Strong Decline of the Great Bustard Otis tarda tarda Population in North-Western China. Ardeola, 65(2), 291-297.
  • Yarar, M., & Magnin, G. (1997). Türkiye’nin Önemli Kuş Alanları [Key Bird Areas of Turkey]. Doğal Hayatı Koruma Derneği. İstanbul, 114-120, Turkey.

Eskişehir, Kütahya ve Afyonkarahisar İllerinde 2013-2020 Yılları Arası Büyük Toy Kuşu (Otis tarda, Linnaeus, 1758) Sayım Sonuçları

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 39 - 50, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.867208

Öz

Büyük Toykuşu (Otis tarda, Linneaus 1758), IUCN tarafından Avrupa’da ‘Asgari Endişe Verici’ ve Dünya çapında ‘Hassas’ olarak sınıflandırılan ve hem CITES hem de Bern sözleşmesinde EK-II’de (Kesin Koruma Altındaki Fauna Türleri) listelenen bir kuş türüdür. Son tahminlere göre Türkiye populasyonu, 44.000-57.000 birey ile temsil edilen dünya populasyonunun sadece %1-2’sini oluşturmaktadır. Bu populasyon çalışması, Mart 2013-Ocak 2020 tarihleri arasında, Eskişehir, Kütahya ve Afyonkarahisar illerinde 7 farklı lokasyonda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Özetle, incelenen alanların toplam 205 bireyden oluşan bir kışlama populasyonuna, toplam 100 bireyden oluşan bir üreme populasyonuna ve toplam 70 bireyden oluşan bir yazlama populasyona sahip olduğu kaydedildi. İncelenen alanlar kışlama döneminde Türkiye nüfusunun ortalama %17-29'unu, üreme döneminde Türkiye nüfusunun ortalama %8-14'ünü ve yazlama döneminde Türkiye nüfusunun ortalama %6-10'unu temsil etmektedir. Çalışma alanlarında Büyük Toykuşu populasyonunun azalmasını önlemek için acil koruyucu önlemlerin uygulanması gerekmektedir. Sadece nüfus düşüşünü durdurmak için değil, aynı zamanda nüfus artışını sağlıklı seviyelere çıkarmak için yeni tedbirler oluşturmanın bir yolu olarak türler üzerinde detaylı etolojik çalışmalar önerilmektedir.

Proje Numarası

201319008 (2013-64) and 201619A232 (2016-1345)

Kaynakça

  • Abdulkarimi, R., Daneshyar, M., & Barati, A. (2010). Current status of the Great Bustard (Otis tarda) in Boukan, West Azerbaijan, Iran. Podoces, 5(1), 63-68.
  • Alonso, J.C., Morales, M.B., & Alonso, J.A. (2000). Partial migration, and lek and nesting area fidelity in female Great Bustards. The Condor, 102, 127-136.
  • Alonso, J.A., Martin, C.A., Alonso, J.C., Morales, M.B., & Lane, S.J. (2001). Seasonal movements of male Great Bustards in Central Spain. Journal of Field Ornithology, 72(4), 504-508. https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-72.4.504
  • Alonso, J.C., Martin, C.A., Palacin, C., Magana, M., & Martin, B. (2003a). Distribution, size and recent trends of the Great Bustard (Otis tarda) population in Madrid Region, Spain. Ardeola, 50(1), 21-29.
  • Alonso, J.C., Palacin, C., & Martin, C.A. (2003b). Status and recent trends of the Great Bustard (Otis tarda) population in the İberian Peninsula. Biological Conservation, 110, 185-195.
  • Alonso, J.C., Martin, C.A., Palacin, C., Martin, B., & Magana, M. (2005a). The Great Bustard (Otis tarda) in Andalusia, Southern Spain: status, distribution and trends. Ardeola, 52(1), 67-78.
  • Alonso, J.C., Palacin, C., Martin, C.A., Mouati, N., Arhzaf, Z.L., & Azizi, D. (2005b). The Great Bustard (Otis tarda) in Morocco: a re-evaluation of its status based on recent survey results. Ardeola, 52(1), 79-90.
  • Alonso, J.C., & Palacin, C. (2010). The world status and population trends of the Great Bustard (Otis tarda): 2010 update. Chinese Birds, 1(2), 141-147.
  • Azizoğlu, E. (2013). Yüksekova (Hakkari) Nehil Sazlığı Ornitofaunası Üzerine Bir Araştırma (324444). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/giris.jsp
  • Bernardino, J., Bevanger, K., Barrientos, R., Dwyer, J.F., Marques, A.T., Martins, R.C.,……., & Moreira, F. (2018). Bird collisions with power lines: State of the art and priority areas for Research. Biological Conservation, 222, 1-13.
  • BirdLife International, (2017). Otis tarda. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22691900A119044104. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22691900A119044104.en
  • Bravo, C., Ponce, C., Palacín, C., & Alonso, J.C. (2012). Diet of young Great Bustards Otis tarda in Spain: sexual and seasonal differences. Bird Study, 59(2), 243-251. https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2012.662940
  • Eken, G., Bozdoğan, M., İsfendiyaroğlu, S., Kılıç, D.T., & Lise, Y. (Eds.). (2006). Türkiye’nin Önemli Doğa Alanları [Key Biodiversity Areas of Turkey]. Doğa Derneği, Ankara, 34-35 ve 242-243, Turkey.
  • Gao, X., Yang, W., Qiao, J., Yao, J., & Xu, K. (2008). Distribution and status of Bustards in China. Frontiers of Biology in China, 3(4), 385-391.
  • Hellmich, J., & Idaghdour, Y. (2002). The Great Bustard (Otis tarda) population in Morocco 1998-2001. Bird Conservation International, 12, 19-33.
  • Horreo, J.L., Palacin, C., Alonso, J.C., & Mila, B. (2013). A link between historical population decline in the threatened great bustard and human expansion in Iberia: evidence from genetic and demographic data. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 110, 518–527.
  • Karakaş, R., & Akarsu, F. (2009). Recent status and distribution of the Great Bustard (Otis tarda), in Turkey. Zoology in the Middle East, 48, 25-34.
  • Karakaya, M., Karataş, M.M., & Özelmas, Ü. (2017). Agricultural pesticides used in Eskişehir and Kütahya population areas of Great Bustard (Otis tarda). Commagene Journal of Biology, 1(1), 25-30.
  • Karataş, M.M. (2012). Kütahya/Altıntaş Ovasındaki Büyük Toy Kuşu (Otis tarda, Linnaeus, 1758)'nın Populasyonu Üzerine Bir Çalışma (317867). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/giris.jsp
  • Karataş, M.M., & Özelmas, Ü. (2013). The study on the population of Great Bustard (Otis tarda) in Altıntaş plain, Kütahya/Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 6(3), 92-96.
  • Karataş, M.M., Karakaya, M., & Özelmas, Ü. (2015). Agricultural pesticides used on Central West Anatolian (Eskişehir/Turkey) population areas of Great Bustard (Otis tarda). Biological Diversity and Conservation, 8(3), 254-258.
  • Kessler, A.E., Batbayar, N., Natsagdorj, T., Batsuur, D., & Smith, A.T. (2013). Satellite telemetry reveals long-distance migration in the Asian great bustard Otis tarda dybowskii. Journal of Avian Biology, 44, 311–320.
  • Kılıç, A., & Karakaş, R. (2005). Recent observation on the Great Bustard (Otis tarda), in South-eastern Anatolia. Zoology in the Middle East, 35, 99-102.
  • Lemus, J.A., Bravo, C., Garcia-Montijano, M., Palacin, C., Ponce, C., Magana, M., & Alonso, J. C. (2011). Side effects of rodent control on non-target species: rodenticides increase parasite and pathogen burden in Great Bustards. Science of The Total Environment, 409 (22), 4729-4734.
  • Martin, C.A., Alonso, J.C., Alonso, J.A., Palacin, C., Magana, M., & Martin, B. (2007). Sex-biased Juvenile survival in a bird with extreme size dimorphism, the Great Bustard (Otis tarda). Journal of Avian Biology, 38, 335-346. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2007.0908-8857.03811.x
  • Magana, M., Alonso, J.C., Martin, C.A., Bautista, L.M., & Martin, B. (2010). Nest-site selection by Great Bustards (Otis tarda) suggests a trade-off between concealment and visibility. İbis, 152, 77-89.
  • Martinez, C. (2008). Distribution, density and productivity of Great Bustards (Otis tarda) in Northwestern Spain: a regional approach. Journal of Ornithology, 149, 507-514.
  • Morales, M.B., Alonso, J.C., Alonso, J.A., & Martin, E. (2000). Migration patterns in male Great Bustards (Otis tarda). The Auk, 117(2), 493–498.
  • Morales, M.B., & Martin, C.A. (2002). Great Bustard (Otis tarda). BWP Update, 4(3), 1-16.
  • Morgado, R., & Moreira, F. (2000). Seasonal population dynamics, nest site selection, sex-ratio and clutch size of the Great Bustard (Otis tarda) in two adjacent lekking areas. Ardeola, 47(2), 237-246.
  • Özbağdatlı, N., & Tavares, J.P. (2006). The situation of Great and Little Bustard in Turkey, Bustard conservation in Europe in the Last 15 years; current trends, best practise and future priorities, RSBP/Birdlife, UK, p;33-38. Retrieved from https://www.dogadernegi.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Great-and-little-bustard-in-Turkey-toy-makale.pdf
  • Özelmas, Ü., & Karakaya, M. (2011). The ornithofauna of Eskişehir/Türkiye. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 4(2), 19-28.
  • Palacin, C., & Alonso, J.C. (2008). An updated estimate of the world status and population trends of the Great Bustard (Otis tarda). Ardeola, 55(1), 13-25.
  • Palacin, C., Alonso, J.C., Alonso, J.A., Martin, C.A., Magana, M., & Martin, B. (2009). Differential migration by sex in the Great Bustard: possible consequences of an extreme sexual size dimorphism. Ethology, 115, 617-626.
  • Palacin, C., Alonso, J.C., Alonso, J.A., Magana, M., & Martin, C.A. (2011). Cultural transmission and flexibility of partial migration patterns in a long-lived bird, the great bustard Otis tarda. Journal of Avian Biology, 42, 301-308.
  • Palacin, C., Martín, B., Onrubia, A., & Alonso, J.C. (2016). Assessing the extinction risk of the great bustard Otis tarda in Africa. Endangered Species Research, 30, 73-82. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00726
  • Per, E., Özbek, M.U., Uzunhisarcıklı, M.E., & Bilgili, B. (2012). Great Bustard Otis tarda in Turkey: adult female with three chicks at forest edge in Kars province. Sandgrouse, 34,148-150.
  • Pinto, M., Rocha, P., & Moreira, F. (2005). Long-term trends in Great Bustard (Otis tarda) populations in Portugal suggest concentration in single high quality area. Biological Conservation, 124, 415-423.
  • Raab, R., Spakovszky, P., Julius, E., Schutz, C., & Schulze, C.H. (2010). Effects of powerlines on flight behaviour of the West-Pannonian Great Bustard (Otis tarda) population. Bird Conservation International, 21(02), 142-155. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959270910000432
  • Raab, R., Schutz, C., Spakovszky, P., Julius, E., & Schulze, C.H. (2012). Underground cabling and marking of power lines: conservation measures rapidly reduced mortality of West Pannonian Great Bustards Otis tarda. Bird Conservation International, 22, 299-306. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959270911000463
  • Tanrıverdi, A. (2015). Muş ili sınırları içindeki Toy Kuşu (Otis tarda L., 1758)’nun Üreme Ekolojisi Üzerine Araştırmalar (398781). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/giris.jsp
  • Sastre, P., Ponce, C., Palacin, C., Martin, C.A., & Alonso, J.C. (2009). Disturbances to Great Bustards (Otis tarda) in Central Spain: human activities, bird responses and management implications. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 55, 425-432.
  • Wang, M., González, M.A., Yang, W., Neuhaus, P., Blanco-Fontao, B., Ruckstuhl, K.E. (2018). The Probable Strong Decline of the Great Bustard Otis tarda tarda Population in North-Western China. Ardeola, 65(2), 291-297.
  • Yarar, M., & Magnin, G. (1997). Türkiye’nin Önemli Kuş Alanları [Key Bird Areas of Turkey]. Doğal Hayatı Koruma Derneği. İstanbul, 114-120, Turkey.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yapısal Biyoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Mehmet Mahir Karataş 0000-0002-3545-1464

Ünal Özelmas Bu kişi benim

İsmühan Potoğlu Erkara

Proje Numarası 201319008 (2013-64) and 201619A232 (2016-1345)
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Ocak 2021
Kabul Tarihi 25 Mart 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Karataş, M. M., Özelmas, Ü., & Potoğlu Erkara, İ. (2021). Counting Results of Great Bustard (Otis tarda, Linnaeus, 1758) between 2013-2020 in Eskişehir, Kütahya, and Afyonkarahisar Provinces. Commagene Journal of Biology, 5(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.867208
Creative Commons Lisansı Bu dergide yayınlanan eserler  Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari-AynıLisanslaPaylaş 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.