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Yüksek Riskli Gebelerin Gebelik Deneyimleri ve Prenatal Distreslerinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 120 - 128, 27.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.1388994

Öz

Amaç: Gebelik, fizyolojik ve psikolojik değişimlerin yaşandığı kritik bir yaşam dönemidir. Yüksek riskli gebelere optimal sağlık bakımının sunulması için bu değişimlerin onlardaki etkilerinin belirlenmesi önemlidir. Bu araştırma, yüksek riskli gebelerin gebelik deneyimleri ve prenatal distres düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki araştırma, Nisan 2018-Haziran 2019 tarihleri arasında bir devlet hastanesinde yüksek riskli gebelik nedeniyle tedavi ve bakım uygulanan 422 gebeyle yapılmıştır. Veriler, gebe tanıtıcı bilgi formu, “Gebelik Deneyimleri Ölçeği” ve “Prenatal Distres Ölçeği (Revize Versiyon)” ile toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Gebelerin yaş ortalaması 27.74±6.43 olup, çoğunluğunun 19-34 yaşlarında (%81.3) olduğu saptanmıştır. Gebelerin %16.1’inin gebelikte hipertansiyon, %37.7’sinin erken doğum tehdidi, %14.0’ının erken membran rüptürü ve %6.4’ünün gestasyonel hipertansiyon nedeniyle klinikte tedavi gördüğü tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların %11.4’ünün önceki gebeliklerinde ve %14.7’sinin mevcut gebeliğinde daha önce tedavi için hastaneye yattığı belirlenmiştir. Gebelerin olumlu ve olumsuz duygular sıklık ile yoğunluk ve prenatal distres puan ortalamalarının sırasıyla 45.09±20.25, 16.27±10.85, 2.44±0.36, 1.90±0.54 ve 10.29±4.95 olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, gebelik deneyimleri ölçeği olumlu duygular sıklık ve yoğunluk puanları ile prenatal distres puanları arasında negatif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki saptanırken, olumsuz duygular sıklık puanları ile arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Yüksek riskli gebelerin olumlu ve olumsuz gebelik deneyimlerinin düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Gebelerin prenatal distres düzeyleri düşük olmasına rağmen, prenatal distres yaşadığı saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, prenatal distres düzeyleri arttıkça, olumlu gebelik deneyimlerinin azaldığı ve olumsuz gebelik deneyimlerinin arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Olumlu gebelik deneyimlerinin arttırılması için gebelerin prenatal distres düzeylerinin ve gebelik deneyimlerinin değerlendirilmesi ve gerekli hemşirelik bakımının verilmesi önerilmektedir.

Etik Beyan

Çalışmanın her adımında Helsinki Bildirgesi ilkelerine uyulmuştur. Araştırmaya bir üniversiteden etik kurul onayı (sayı: 74-22, tarih: 2 Şubat 2018) ve çalışmanın yapılacağı kurum için İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü’nden izin alındıktan sonra başlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamındaki gebelere araştırmanın amacı hakkında bilgi verilmiş, istedikleri zaman çalışmadan ayrılabilecekleri açıklanmıştır. Her gebeden sözlü ve yazılı bilgilendirilmiş onam da alınmıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

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Proje Numarası

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Teşekkür

Yazarlar araştırmaya katılan gebelere teşekkür eder.

Kaynakça

  • 1. of antenatal and postnatal anxiety: systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 2017,210(5), 315–323. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.187179
  • 2. Staneva, A, Bogossian, F, Pritchard, M, Wittkowski, A, The effects of maternal depression, anxiety, and perceived stress during pregnancy on preterm birth: a systematic review. Women and Birth, 2015, 28(3), 179–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2015.02.003
  • 3. Stein, A, Pearson, R, M, Goodman S, H, Rapa, E, Rahman, A, McCallum, M, Howard, L, M, Pariante, C, M, Effects of perinatal mental disorders on the fetüs and child. The Lancet, 2014, 384(9956), 1800–1819. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61277-0
  • 4. Yüksel, F, Akın, S, Durna, Z, “Prenatal Distres Ölçeği”nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması ve faktör analizi. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi, 2011, 8(3), 43-51.
  • 5. Barker, D, J, Fetal origins of coronary heart disease. BMJ, 1995, 311(6998), 171–174.https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.6998.171
  • 6. Glover, V, O’Donnell, K, J, O’Connor, T, G, Fisher, J, Prenatal maternal stress, fetal programming, and mechanisms underlying later psychopathology -a global perspective. Development and Psychopathology, 2018, 30(3), 843–854. https://doi.org/10.1017/s095457941800038x
  • 7. Talge, N, M, Neal, C, Glover, V, Antenatal maternal stress and long-term effects on child neurodevelopment: how and why? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2007, 48(3–4), 245–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01714.x
  • 8. Buss, C, Davis, E, P, Shahbaba, B, Pruessner, J, C, Head, K, Sandman, C, A, Maternal cortisol over the course of pregnancy and subsequent child amygdala and hippocampus volumes and affective problems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2012, 109(20), E1312–E1319. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1201295109
  • 9. Madigan, S, Oatley, H, Racine, N, Fearon, R, M, P, Schumacher, L, Akbari, E, Cooke, J, A, Tarabulsy, G, M, A meta-analysis of maternal prenatal depression and anxiety on child socioemotional development. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2018, 57(1), 645–657.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.06.012
  • 10. Dunkel, Schetter, C, Niles, A, N, Guardino, C, M, Khaled, M, Kramer, M, S, Demographic, medical, and psychosocial predictors of pregnancy anxiety. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiogly, 2016, 30, 421–429. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12300
  • 11. Graignic-Philippe, R, Dayan, J, Chokron, S, Jacquet, A, Y, Tordjman, S, Effects of prenatal stress on fetal and child development: a critical literatüre review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Revews, 2014, 43, 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.022
  • 12. Staneva, A, Bogossian, F, Morawska, A, Wittkowski, A, “I just feel like I am broken. I am the worst pregnant woman ever”: a qualitative exploration of the “at odds” experience of women’s antenatal distress. Health Care Women International, 2017, 38, 658–686. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1080/07399332.2017.1297448
  • 13. Yeşilçiçek Çalık, K, Daştan Yılmaz, A, Günal, N, T, Dünya Sağlık Örgütünün pozitif bir gebelik deneyimi için antenatal bakıma yönelik önerileri. Ankara Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2023, 12(1), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.46971/ausbid.1188344
  • 14. World Health Organization. What matters to women during pregnancy: a different approach to antenatal care. https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/maternal_perinatal/anc/en/, 2016 (accessed 6.10.2023).
  • 15. Riskli Gebelikler Yönetim Rehberi. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu Kadın ve Üreme Sağlığı Daire Başkanlığı. https://khgmsaglikhizmetleridb.saglik.gov.tr/TR-42842/riskli-gebelik-yonetim-rehberi.html, 2014 (accessed 6.10.2023).
  • 16. Satyanarayana, V, A, Lukose, A, Srinivasan, K, Maternal mental health in pregnancy and child behavior. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 2011, 53(4), 351. https://doi.org/10.4103%2F0019-5545.91911
  • 17. Yeşiltepe Oskay, Ü, Yüksek riskli gebelerde hemşirelik bakımı. Perinatoloji Dergisi, 2004, 12(1), 11-16.
  • 18. Pamuk, S, Arslan, H, Hastanede yatan riskli gebelerde hastane stresörlerinin ve bakım gereksinimlerinin belirlenmesi. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi, 2009, 2(2), 23-32.
  • 19. Ölçer, Z, Oskay, U, Yüksek riskli gebelerin yaşadığı stresörler ve stresle baş etme yöntemleri. Hemşirelikte Araştırma ve Geliştirme Dergisi, 2015, 12(2), 85-92.https://doi.org/10.1501/Tite_0000000124
  • 20. Esmeray, N, Yanıkkerem, E, Baydur, H, Gebelik Deneyimleri Ölçeği’nin Türkçe geçerlilik güvenilirlik çalışması. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 2017, 33(2), 68-87.
  • 21. Yuksel, F, Akin, S, Durna, Z, Prenatal distress in Turkish Pregnant women and factors associated with maternal prenatal distress. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2013, 23, 54–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04283.x
  • 22. DiPietro, JA, Christensen, AL, Costigan, K, A,The pregnancy experience scale-brief version. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetric & Gynaecology, 2008, 29(4), 262-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/01674820802546220
  • 23. Iannuzzi, L, Branchini, L, Clausen, J, A, Ruiz-Berdún, D, Gillen, P, Healy, M, Beeckman, K, Seijmonsbergen-Schermers, A, EscurietPeiró, R, Morano, S, DiTommaso, M, Downe, S, Optimal outcomes and women's positive pregnancy experience: a comparison between the World Health Organization guideline and recommendations in Europe an national antenatal care guidelines. Minerva Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2018, 70(6), 650-662. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0026-4784.18.04301-0
  • 24. World Health Organization. Recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/259947/WHO-RHR- 18.02%20eng.pdf;jsessionid=8113365FD531F62F7E18F3585CC01880?sequence=1, 2018 (accessed 6.10.2023).
  • 25. Uzun Aksoy, M, Gürsoy, E, Olumlu bir gebelik deneyimi için Dünya Sağlık Örgütü antenatal bakım önerileri 2016. Uluslararası Hakemli Kadın Hastalıkları ve Anne Çocuk Sağlığı Dergisi, 2018,14, 115-129.
  • 26. Robbins, CL, Zapata, LB, D'Angelo, D, Brewer, LI, Pazol, K. Pregnancy intention: associations with maternal behaviors and experiences during and after pregnancy. J Womens Health (Larchmt), 2021, 30(10), 1440-1447. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2021.0051
  • 27. Mousavi, SR, Amiri-Farahani, L, Haghani, S, Pezaro, S, Comparing the effect of childbirth preparation courses delivered both in-person and via social media on pregnancy experience, fear of childbirth, birth preferences and mode of birth in Pregnant Iranian women: aquasi-experimental study. PLoS ONE, 2022, 17(8), e0272613. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272613
  • 28. Gerges, S, DiPietro, J, A, Obeid, S, Fekih-Romdhane, F, Hallit, S, Psychometric performance assessment of the Arabic version of the pregnancy experience scale–brief version (PES–brief) in an Arabic-speaking population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2023, 174, 111499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111499
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Determination of Pregnancy Experiences and Prenatal Distress of High-Risk Pregnant Women

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 120 - 128, 27.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.1388994

Öz

Aim: Pregnancy is a critical period of life in which physiological and psychological changes occur. In order to provide optimal health care to high-risk pregnant women, it is important to determine the effects of these changes on them. This study was conducted to determine the pregnancy experiences and prenatal distress of high-risk pregnant women.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted with 422 pregnant women who were treated and care for high-risk pregnancy in a state hospital between April 2018 and June 2019. The data were collected with the pregnant descriptive information form, the “Pregnancy Experiences Scale” and the “Prenatal Distress Scale (Revised Version)”.
Results: The mean age of the pregnant women was 27.74±6.43 years, the majority of them (81.3%) were 19-34 years old. It was determined that 16.1% of the pregnant women were treated in the clinic for hypertension during pregnancy, 37.7% for the threat of premature birth, 14.0% for premature rupture of membranes and 6.4% for gestational hypertension. It was found that 11.4% of the participants were hospitalized for treatment in their previous pregnancies and 14.7% in their current pregnancy. It was determined that the frequency and intensity of positive and negative emotions, and prenatal distress mean scores of the pregnant women were 45.09±20.25, 16.27±10.85, 2.44±0.36, 1.90±0.54 and 10.29±4.95, respectively. In addition, a significant negative correlation was found between the pregnancy experiences scale positive emotions frequency and intensity scores and prenatal distress scores, while a positive significant relationship was found between negative emotions frequency scores (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The positive and negative pregnancy experiences of high-risk pregnant women were low. Although prenatal distress levels were low, pregnant women have been experienced prenatal distress. Additionally, as pregnant women's prenatal distress levels have been increased, positive pregnancy experiences decreased and negative pregnancy experiences increased. It was determined that as the prenatal distress levels of high-risk pregnant women increased, positive pregnancy experiences decreased and negative pregnancy experiences increased. In order to increase positive pregnancy experiences, it is recommended to evaluate the prenatal distress levels and pregnancy experiences of pregnant women and to provide necessary nursing care.

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

  • 1. of antenatal and postnatal anxiety: systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 2017,210(5), 315–323. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.187179
  • 2. Staneva, A, Bogossian, F, Pritchard, M, Wittkowski, A, The effects of maternal depression, anxiety, and perceived stress during pregnancy on preterm birth: a systematic review. Women and Birth, 2015, 28(3), 179–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2015.02.003
  • 3. Stein, A, Pearson, R, M, Goodman S, H, Rapa, E, Rahman, A, McCallum, M, Howard, L, M, Pariante, C, M, Effects of perinatal mental disorders on the fetüs and child. The Lancet, 2014, 384(9956), 1800–1819. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61277-0
  • 4. Yüksel, F, Akın, S, Durna, Z, “Prenatal Distres Ölçeği”nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması ve faktör analizi. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi, 2011, 8(3), 43-51.
  • 5. Barker, D, J, Fetal origins of coronary heart disease. BMJ, 1995, 311(6998), 171–174.https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.6998.171
  • 6. Glover, V, O’Donnell, K, J, O’Connor, T, G, Fisher, J, Prenatal maternal stress, fetal programming, and mechanisms underlying later psychopathology -a global perspective. Development and Psychopathology, 2018, 30(3), 843–854. https://doi.org/10.1017/s095457941800038x
  • 7. Talge, N, M, Neal, C, Glover, V, Antenatal maternal stress and long-term effects on child neurodevelopment: how and why? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2007, 48(3–4), 245–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01714.x
  • 8. Buss, C, Davis, E, P, Shahbaba, B, Pruessner, J, C, Head, K, Sandman, C, A, Maternal cortisol over the course of pregnancy and subsequent child amygdala and hippocampus volumes and affective problems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2012, 109(20), E1312–E1319. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1201295109
  • 9. Madigan, S, Oatley, H, Racine, N, Fearon, R, M, P, Schumacher, L, Akbari, E, Cooke, J, A, Tarabulsy, G, M, A meta-analysis of maternal prenatal depression and anxiety on child socioemotional development. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2018, 57(1), 645–657.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.06.012
  • 10. Dunkel, Schetter, C, Niles, A, N, Guardino, C, M, Khaled, M, Kramer, M, S, Demographic, medical, and psychosocial predictors of pregnancy anxiety. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiogly, 2016, 30, 421–429. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12300
  • 11. Graignic-Philippe, R, Dayan, J, Chokron, S, Jacquet, A, Y, Tordjman, S, Effects of prenatal stress on fetal and child development: a critical literatüre review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Revews, 2014, 43, 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.022
  • 12. Staneva, A, Bogossian, F, Morawska, A, Wittkowski, A, “I just feel like I am broken. I am the worst pregnant woman ever”: a qualitative exploration of the “at odds” experience of women’s antenatal distress. Health Care Women International, 2017, 38, 658–686. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1080/07399332.2017.1297448
  • 13. Yeşilçiçek Çalık, K, Daştan Yılmaz, A, Günal, N, T, Dünya Sağlık Örgütünün pozitif bir gebelik deneyimi için antenatal bakıma yönelik önerileri. Ankara Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2023, 12(1), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.46971/ausbid.1188344
  • 14. World Health Organization. What matters to women during pregnancy: a different approach to antenatal care. https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/maternal_perinatal/anc/en/, 2016 (accessed 6.10.2023).
  • 15. Riskli Gebelikler Yönetim Rehberi. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu Kadın ve Üreme Sağlığı Daire Başkanlığı. https://khgmsaglikhizmetleridb.saglik.gov.tr/TR-42842/riskli-gebelik-yonetim-rehberi.html, 2014 (accessed 6.10.2023).
  • 16. Satyanarayana, V, A, Lukose, A, Srinivasan, K, Maternal mental health in pregnancy and child behavior. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 2011, 53(4), 351. https://doi.org/10.4103%2F0019-5545.91911
  • 17. Yeşiltepe Oskay, Ü, Yüksek riskli gebelerde hemşirelik bakımı. Perinatoloji Dergisi, 2004, 12(1), 11-16.
  • 18. Pamuk, S, Arslan, H, Hastanede yatan riskli gebelerde hastane stresörlerinin ve bakım gereksinimlerinin belirlenmesi. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi, 2009, 2(2), 23-32.
  • 19. Ölçer, Z, Oskay, U, Yüksek riskli gebelerin yaşadığı stresörler ve stresle baş etme yöntemleri. Hemşirelikte Araştırma ve Geliştirme Dergisi, 2015, 12(2), 85-92.https://doi.org/10.1501/Tite_0000000124
  • 20. Esmeray, N, Yanıkkerem, E, Baydur, H, Gebelik Deneyimleri Ölçeği’nin Türkçe geçerlilik güvenilirlik çalışması. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 2017, 33(2), 68-87.
  • 21. Yuksel, F, Akin, S, Durna, Z, Prenatal distress in Turkish Pregnant women and factors associated with maternal prenatal distress. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2013, 23, 54–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04283.x
  • 22. DiPietro, JA, Christensen, AL, Costigan, K, A,The pregnancy experience scale-brief version. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetric & Gynaecology, 2008, 29(4), 262-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/01674820802546220
  • 23. Iannuzzi, L, Branchini, L, Clausen, J, A, Ruiz-Berdún, D, Gillen, P, Healy, M, Beeckman, K, Seijmonsbergen-Schermers, A, EscurietPeiró, R, Morano, S, DiTommaso, M, Downe, S, Optimal outcomes and women's positive pregnancy experience: a comparison between the World Health Organization guideline and recommendations in Europe an national antenatal care guidelines. Minerva Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2018, 70(6), 650-662. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0026-4784.18.04301-0
  • 24. World Health Organization. Recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/259947/WHO-RHR- 18.02%20eng.pdf;jsessionid=8113365FD531F62F7E18F3585CC01880?sequence=1, 2018 (accessed 6.10.2023).
  • 25. Uzun Aksoy, M, Gürsoy, E, Olumlu bir gebelik deneyimi için Dünya Sağlık Örgütü antenatal bakım önerileri 2016. Uluslararası Hakemli Kadın Hastalıkları ve Anne Çocuk Sağlığı Dergisi, 2018,14, 115-129.
  • 26. Robbins, CL, Zapata, LB, D'Angelo, D, Brewer, LI, Pazol, K. Pregnancy intention: associations with maternal behaviors and experiences during and after pregnancy. J Womens Health (Larchmt), 2021, 30(10), 1440-1447. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2021.0051
  • 27. Mousavi, SR, Amiri-Farahani, L, Haghani, S, Pezaro, S, Comparing the effect of childbirth preparation courses delivered both in-person and via social media on pregnancy experience, fear of childbirth, birth preferences and mode of birth in Pregnant Iranian women: aquasi-experimental study. PLoS ONE, 2022, 17(8), e0272613. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272613
  • 28. Gerges, S, DiPietro, J, A, Obeid, S, Fekih-Romdhane, F, Hallit, S, Psychometric performance assessment of the Arabic version of the pregnancy experience scale–brief version (PES–brief) in an Arabic-speaking population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2023, 174, 111499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111499
  • 29. Malik, A, Park, S, Mumtaz, S, Rowther, A, Zulfiqar, S, Perin, J, Zaidi, A, Atif, N, Rahman, A, Surkan, P, J, Perceived social support and women’s empowerment and their associations with pregnancy experiences in anxious women: a study from urban Pakistan. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 2023, 27(5), 916–925. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-023-03588-6
  • 30. Hutchens, J, Frawley, J, Sullivan, EA. The healthcare experiences of women with cardiac disease in pregnancy and postpartum: a qualitative study. Health Expect, 2022, 25(4), 1872-1881. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.13532
  • 31. Abrar, A, Fairbrother, N, Smith, AP, Skoll, A, Albert, AYK. Anxiety among women experiencing medically complicated pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Birth, 2020, 47(1), 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/birt.12443
  • 32. Hosaini, S, Yazdkhasti, M, Moafi Ghafari, F, Mohamadi, F, Kamran Rad, SHR, Mahmoodi, Z. The relationships of spiritual health, pregnancy worries and stress and perceived social support with childbirth fear and experience: a path analysis. PLoS One, 2023, 18(12), e0294910. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294910
  • 33. Alp Yilmaz, F, Gözüyeşil, E, Köse Tuncer, S, Akman, G, Aba, Y, A, Durgun Ozan, Y, Bilgiç, D, Prenatal distress levels of Pregnant women in Turkey and affecting factors: a multicentre study. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2021,41(5), 708-713. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443615.2020.1789950
  • 34. Anayit Coşkun, M, Okcu, G, Arslan, S, The impact of distress experienced during pregnancy on prenatal attachment. Perinatal Journal, 2019, 27(2), 49–55. https://doi.org/10.2399/prn.19.0272001
  • 35. Bahadır Yılmaz, E, Şahin, E, Gebelerin prenatal sıkıntı düzeyleri ile ilişkili faktörler. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 2019, 10(3), 197-203. https://doi.org/10.14744/phd.2019.17363
  • 36. Fontein-Kuipers, Y, Ausems, M, Budé, L, Van Limbeek, E, De Vries, R, Nieuwenhuijze, M. Factors influencing maternal distress among Dutch women with a healthy pregnancy. Women Birth, 2015, 28(3), e36-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2015.02.002
  • 37. van der Zwan, JE, Vente, W, Koot, HM, Huizink, AC, Validation of the Dutch version of the Pregnancy Experience Scale. Midwifery, 2017, 50, 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2017.03.018
  • 38. Shlomi Polachek, I, Dulitzky, M, Margolis-Dorfman, L, Simchen, MJ. A simple model for prediction postpartum PTSD in high-risk pregnancies. Arch Womens Ment Health, 2016, 19(3), 483-90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-015-0582-4
  • 39. Luo, X, Chen, B, Shen, Q. Psychological distress in subsequent pregnancy among women with a history of pregnancy loss: a latent profile analysis. Midwifery, 2023, 127, 103845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2023.103845
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Pınar Kara 0000-0001-6710-6713

Evşen Nazik 0000-0001-5464-4467

Proje Numarası -
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Mart 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Kasım 2023
Kabul Tarihi 11 Ocak 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kara, P., & Nazik, E. (2024). Yüksek Riskli Gebelerin Gebelik Deneyimleri ve Prenatal Distreslerinin Belirlenmesi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(1), 120-128. https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.1388994
AMA Kara P, Nazik E. Yüksek Riskli Gebelerin Gebelik Deneyimleri ve Prenatal Distreslerinin Belirlenmesi. CBU-SBED. Mart 2024;11(1):120-128. doi:10.34087/cbusbed.1388994
Chicago Kara, Pınar, ve Evşen Nazik. “Yüksek Riskli Gebelerin Gebelik Deneyimleri Ve Prenatal Distreslerinin Belirlenmesi”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 11, sy. 1 (Mart 2024): 120-28. https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.1388994.
EndNote Kara P, Nazik E (01 Mart 2024) Yüksek Riskli Gebelerin Gebelik Deneyimleri ve Prenatal Distreslerinin Belirlenmesi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 11 1 120–128.
IEEE P. Kara ve E. Nazik, “Yüksek Riskli Gebelerin Gebelik Deneyimleri ve Prenatal Distreslerinin Belirlenmesi”, CBU-SBED, c. 11, sy. 1, ss. 120–128, 2024, doi: 10.34087/cbusbed.1388994.
ISNAD Kara, Pınar - Nazik, Evşen. “Yüksek Riskli Gebelerin Gebelik Deneyimleri Ve Prenatal Distreslerinin Belirlenmesi”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 11/1 (Mart 2024), 120-128. https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.1388994.
JAMA Kara P, Nazik E. Yüksek Riskli Gebelerin Gebelik Deneyimleri ve Prenatal Distreslerinin Belirlenmesi. CBU-SBED. 2024;11:120–128.
MLA Kara, Pınar ve Evşen Nazik. “Yüksek Riskli Gebelerin Gebelik Deneyimleri Ve Prenatal Distreslerinin Belirlenmesi”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 120-8, doi:10.34087/cbusbed.1388994.
Vancouver Kara P, Nazik E. Yüksek Riskli Gebelerin Gebelik Deneyimleri ve Prenatal Distreslerinin Belirlenmesi. CBU-SBED. 2024;11(1):120-8.