BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Toplum Temelli Turizm Projelerinde Katılım ve Paylaşım: Misi Köyü Örneği

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 103 - 124, 01.12.2016

Öz

Az gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde toplum temelli turizme (TTT) odaklanan sürdürülebilir program ve projelerin arttığı gözlemlenmektedir. Ancak TTT girişimlerinin çok azı başarılı olabilmektedir. TTT girişimleri genellikle küçük ölçekli olup büyük topluluklarda bütün bireylerin katılımlarının sağlanması ve fayda elde etmeleri mümkün değildir. Maalesef bu durum turizm gelişiminden elde edilen faydaların adaletsiz dağıtılmasıyla sonuçlanmaktadır. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışmada Bursa’nın Misi Köyü’nde başlatılan TTT projesinin algılanan fayda ve maliyetlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın bir diğer amacı da TTT projesinin yaratığı fayda ve maliyetlerin topluluk üyeleri arasında nasıl paylaşıldığının ortaya konulmasıdır. Çalışma amaçlarının gerçekleştirilmesi için yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği ile veriler toplanmış ve betimsel olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları topluluktaki herkesin turizm gelişiminden fayda sağlamadığını göstermektedir. Benzer şekilde turizm gelişiminden fayda sağlayanların projeye daha olumlu yaklaştıkları görülmektedir

Kaynakça

  • Akunaay, M., Nelson, F. ve Singleton, E. (2003). “Community based tourism in Tanzania: Potential and perils in practice”,2nd Peace through Tourism Conference, Dar es Salaam, pp:7-12.
  • Ap, J. (1992). “Residents' perceptions on tourism impacts”, Annals of tourism Research, 19(4): 665-690.
  • Aref F. (2011). “Sense of community and participation for tourism development”, Life Science Journal, 8(1): 20-25.
  • Ashley, C. ve Goodwin, H. (2007). “Pro poor tourism: What’s gone right and what’s gone wrong?” London: Overseas Development Institute. pp: 80-81.
  • Asker, S., Boronyak, L., Carrard, N. ve Paddon, M. (2010). “Effective community based tourism: A best practice manual”, Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) tourism working group. Gold coast, Australia: Sustainable tourism cooperative research centre.
  • Ataman, Y.E. (2010). Sürdürülebilir turizm bağlamında toplum temelli turizm: Dünyadaki uygulama örnekleri ve Türkiye, Yayımlanmamış uzmanlık tezi, T.C. Kültür Ve Turizm Bakanlığı Dış İlişkiler ve AB Koordinasyon Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara.
  • Avcıkurt C. (2009).Turizm Sosyolojisi-Genel ve Yapısal Yaklaşım (3. Baskı), Detay Yayıncılık: Ankara.
  • Blackstock, K. (2005). “Critical look at community based tourism”, Community DevelopmentJournal, 40(1): 39-49.
  • Boonratana, R. (2010). “Community-based tourism in Thailand: The need and justification for an operational definition”, Kasetsart Journal: Social Sciences, 31(2): 280-289.
  • Choi, H. C. ve Sirakaya, E. (2006). “Sustainability indicators for managing community tourism”, Tourism management, 27(6): 1274-1289.
  • Demers, T. (2011). Determınants of successful community-based tourısm in Botswana. Unpublished master’s thesis, The University of Guelph, Canada.
  • DiCicco-Bloom, B. ve Crabtree, B.F. (2006). “The qualitative research interview”, Medical Education, 40(4): 314-321.
  • Dixey, L. (2005). “Inventory and analysis of community based tourism in Zambia”, Prepared for: Production, Finance and Technology (PROFIT). Lusaka, Zambia.
  • Dunn, S. (2007). Toward empowerment: Women and community-based tourism in Thailand. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Oregon, USA.
  • Eagles, P.F.J., McCool, S. F. ve Haynes, C.D.A. (2002). Sustainable tourism in protected areas: Guidelines for planning and management, IUCN Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
  • Garg, V. (2002). Appraising the impacts of community based tourism in Tanzania: A community perspective. Unpublished master’s thesis,University of Manitoba, Canada.
  • Gelecek Turizmde Sürdürülebilir Turizm Destek Fonu (2015). Proje Teklif Çağrısı Başvuru Rehberi. Referans: STDF/2015/01.
  • Giampiccoli, A. ve Kalis, J. H. (2012). “Community-based tourism and local culture: The case of the amaMpondo”, Pasos: Revista de turismo y patrimonio cultural, 10(1): 173-188.
  • Goodwin, H. ve Santilli, R. (2009). “Community-based tourism: A success”, ICRT Occasional paper, 11(1):1-37.
  • Gursoy, D. ve Rutherford, D. (2004). “Host attitudes toward tourism: An improved structural modeling approach”. Annals of Tourism Research, 31: 495–516.
  • Gursoy, D., Yolal, M., Ribeiro, M.A. ve Netto, A.P. (2016). “Impact of Trust on Local Residents’ Mega-Event Perceptions and Their Support”. Journal DOI:10.1177/0047287516643415. Research (Article in press),
  • Uluslararası Tarımsal Kalkınma Fonu/ International Fund for Agricultural Development-IFAD (2002). Rural Poverty Report: Enabling the Rural Poor to Overcome their poverty, Strategic Framework for IFAD 2002- 2006. U. Quintily S.p.A: Italy.
  • Johnson, P.A. (2010). “Realizing rural community based tourism development: Prospects for social-economy enterprises”,Journal of Rural and Community Development, 5(1/2):150–162.
  • Kibicho, W. (2008). “Community-based tourism: A factor-cluster segmentation approach”,Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(2): 211- 231.
  • Kim, S., Park, E. ve Phandanouvong, T. (2014). “Barriers to local residents’ participation in community-based tourism: lessons from Houay Kaeng Village in Laos”. In SHS Web of Conferences, 12: 1-8.
  • Ko, D. W. ve Stewart, W. P. (2002). “A structural equation model of residents’ management, 23(5): 521-530. for tourism development”. Tourism
  • Lewis, J. (2009).“Redefining qualitative methods: believability in the fifth moment”, International Journal of Qualitative Methods,8: 1-14. W. Development”,Annals of Tourism Research, 33 (1): 132–143.
  • López-Guzmán, T., Sánchez-Cañizares, S., Pavón, V. (2011). “Community- based tourism in developing countries: A case study”, Tourismos: an international multidisciplinary journal of tourism, 6(1): 69-84.
  • Manyara, G. ve Jones, E. (2007). “Community-based tourism enterprises development in Kenya: An exploration of their potential as avenues of poverty reduction”, Journal of sustainable tourism, 15(6): 628-644.
  • Mbaiwa, J.E. (2003). “The socio-economic and environmental impacts of tourism development on the Okavanga Delta, noryh-western Botswana”, Journal of Arid Environments, 54: 447-467.
  • Mitchell, J. ve Muckosy, P. (2008). A misguided quest: Community-based tourism in Latin America. Overseas development institute (ODI). pp:102
  • Mohan, J. (2002). Planning, markets and hospitals. (1st Edition) Routledge: London.
  • Murphy, P. E. (1985). Tourism: A community approach. Methuen: New York.
  • Nunkoo, R. ve Gursoy, D. (2012). “Residents’ support for tourism: An identity perspective”. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1): 243-268.
  • Nunkoo, R. ve Ramkissoon, H. (2010). “Small island urban tourism: A residents' perspective”. Current Issues in Tourism, 13(1): 37-60.
  • Okazaki, E. (2008). “A community-based tourism model: Its conception and use”,Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(5): 511-529.
  • Onderwater Y. (2011). Opportunities for community-based tourism in the Tonkolili district, Sierra Leone. Thesis. Hospitality Business School Saxion, Apeldoorn.
  • Özdemir, M. A. ve Kervankıran, İ. (2011). “Turizm ve turizmin etkileri konusunda yerel halkın yaklaşımlarının belirlenmesi: Afyonkarahisar örneği”, Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi, 24: 1-25.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2014). Nitel Araştırma ve Değerlendirme Yöntemleri, (Çev. Ed. M. Bütün ve S.B. Demir), Pegem Akademi: Ankara.
  • Perdue, R.R., Long, P.T. ve Allen, L. (1990). “Resident support for tourism development”, Annals of Tourism Research, 17(4): 586-599.
  • Pinel, D. P. (1998). A Community-Based Tourism Planning Process Model: Kyuquot Sound Area, B.C.Unpublished master’s thesis, The University of Guelph, Canada.
  • Rozemeijer, N. (2001). Community-based tourism in Botswana: The SNV experience in three community-tourism projects. SNV Botswana: Gaborone.
  • Scheyvens, R. (2002). Tourism for development: Empowering communities. Pearson Education Ltd: Harlow.
  • Sharifuddin, N. S. M., Zahari, M. S. M., Aizuddin, M. ve Hanafiah, M. H. (2015). “Is the Sense of Community towards Participation in Tourism Development among the Minorities in Multiracial Countries the Same?”. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 8(11): 3695-3703.
  • Stronza, A. ve Gordillo, J. (2008). “Community views of ecotourism”, Annals of Tourism Research, 35(2): 448-468.
  • Suansri, P. (2003). Community based tourism handbook. REST: Bangkok.
  • Swarbrooke, J. (1999). Sustainable tourism management. Cabi: London.
  • Tasci, A. D., Semrad, K. J. ve Yilmaz, S. S. (2013). Community basted tourism: Finding the equilibrium in the COMCEC context. COMCEC Coordination Office.
  • Timothy J.D. (1999). “Participatory planning: A view of tourism in Indonesia”,Annals of Tourism Research, 26(2): 371-391.
  • Tosun, C. (1999). Towards a typology of community participation in the tourism development process. Anatolia, 10(2), 113-134.
  • Tosun C. (2006). “Expected nature of community participation in tourism development”, Tourism Management 27: 493–504.
  • Tosun, C. (2000). “Limits to community participation in the tourism development management, 21(6): 613-633. in developing countries”, Tourism
  • Tsaur, S-H. ve Lin, W.-R., (2014). “Hassles of tour leaders”, Tourism Management, 45: 28-38.
  • UNDP (2014). “Misi Köyü ‘%100 Misia’ projesiyle 10 yıl sonra ilk ipeğine kavuştu.http://www.tr.undp.org/content/turkey/tr/home/presscenter/art icles/2014/08/20/misi-village-retrieved-its-first-silk-after-10-years- with-100-misia-project-.html (Erişim Tarihi: 23.03.2016).
  • Vajirakachorn, T. (2011). Determinants of success for community-based tourism: The case of floating markets in Thailand. Unpublished thesis, Doctor of Philosophy, Texas A&M University, USA.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2011). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Seçkin Yayıncılık: Ankara.
  • Yolal, M. (2016). Turizm araştırmalarında örnekleme: Bibliyometrik bir araştırma, Detay Yayıncılık: Ankara.

Participation and Sharing in Community Based Tourism Projects: The Case of Misi Village

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 103 - 124, 01.12.2016

Öz

It is observed that sustainable programs and projects focusing on the community based tourism (CBT) are being increasingly employed in less developed and underdeveloped countries. However, there is relative evidence that majority of CBT initiatives enjoy success. CBT initiatives are generally small-scale and it is not possible for all members of communities to be involved and thus derive benefits. Unfortunately, this results in uneven distribution of the benefits of tourism development among the locals. Therefore, this study aims to examine the perceived benefits and costs of CBT project in Misi Village, Bursa. Further, the study aims to reveal how CBT based benefits and costs are shared among the local community. For the purpose of the study, semi-structured interviews were made to collect data, and the data was analyzed descriptively. Study results suggest that not all members of the community benefits from the development of tourism in their community. The study results also suggest that individuals who are benefitting from the project have more positive perception on the tourism development

Kaynakça

  • Akunaay, M., Nelson, F. ve Singleton, E. (2003). “Community based tourism in Tanzania: Potential and perils in practice”,2nd Peace through Tourism Conference, Dar es Salaam, pp:7-12.
  • Ap, J. (1992). “Residents' perceptions on tourism impacts”, Annals of tourism Research, 19(4): 665-690.
  • Aref F. (2011). “Sense of community and participation for tourism development”, Life Science Journal, 8(1): 20-25.
  • Ashley, C. ve Goodwin, H. (2007). “Pro poor tourism: What’s gone right and what’s gone wrong?” London: Overseas Development Institute. pp: 80-81.
  • Asker, S., Boronyak, L., Carrard, N. ve Paddon, M. (2010). “Effective community based tourism: A best practice manual”, Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) tourism working group. Gold coast, Australia: Sustainable tourism cooperative research centre.
  • Ataman, Y.E. (2010). Sürdürülebilir turizm bağlamında toplum temelli turizm: Dünyadaki uygulama örnekleri ve Türkiye, Yayımlanmamış uzmanlık tezi, T.C. Kültür Ve Turizm Bakanlığı Dış İlişkiler ve AB Koordinasyon Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara.
  • Avcıkurt C. (2009).Turizm Sosyolojisi-Genel ve Yapısal Yaklaşım (3. Baskı), Detay Yayıncılık: Ankara.
  • Blackstock, K. (2005). “Critical look at community based tourism”, Community DevelopmentJournal, 40(1): 39-49.
  • Boonratana, R. (2010). “Community-based tourism in Thailand: The need and justification for an operational definition”, Kasetsart Journal: Social Sciences, 31(2): 280-289.
  • Choi, H. C. ve Sirakaya, E. (2006). “Sustainability indicators for managing community tourism”, Tourism management, 27(6): 1274-1289.
  • Demers, T. (2011). Determınants of successful community-based tourısm in Botswana. Unpublished master’s thesis, The University of Guelph, Canada.
  • DiCicco-Bloom, B. ve Crabtree, B.F. (2006). “The qualitative research interview”, Medical Education, 40(4): 314-321.
  • Dixey, L. (2005). “Inventory and analysis of community based tourism in Zambia”, Prepared for: Production, Finance and Technology (PROFIT). Lusaka, Zambia.
  • Dunn, S. (2007). Toward empowerment: Women and community-based tourism in Thailand. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Oregon, USA.
  • Eagles, P.F.J., McCool, S. F. ve Haynes, C.D.A. (2002). Sustainable tourism in protected areas: Guidelines for planning and management, IUCN Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
  • Garg, V. (2002). Appraising the impacts of community based tourism in Tanzania: A community perspective. Unpublished master’s thesis,University of Manitoba, Canada.
  • Gelecek Turizmde Sürdürülebilir Turizm Destek Fonu (2015). Proje Teklif Çağrısı Başvuru Rehberi. Referans: STDF/2015/01.
  • Giampiccoli, A. ve Kalis, J. H. (2012). “Community-based tourism and local culture: The case of the amaMpondo”, Pasos: Revista de turismo y patrimonio cultural, 10(1): 173-188.
  • Goodwin, H. ve Santilli, R. (2009). “Community-based tourism: A success”, ICRT Occasional paper, 11(1):1-37.
  • Gursoy, D. ve Rutherford, D. (2004). “Host attitudes toward tourism: An improved structural modeling approach”. Annals of Tourism Research, 31: 495–516.
  • Gursoy, D., Yolal, M., Ribeiro, M.A. ve Netto, A.P. (2016). “Impact of Trust on Local Residents’ Mega-Event Perceptions and Their Support”. Journal DOI:10.1177/0047287516643415. Research (Article in press),
  • Uluslararası Tarımsal Kalkınma Fonu/ International Fund for Agricultural Development-IFAD (2002). Rural Poverty Report: Enabling the Rural Poor to Overcome their poverty, Strategic Framework for IFAD 2002- 2006. U. Quintily S.p.A: Italy.
  • Johnson, P.A. (2010). “Realizing rural community based tourism development: Prospects for social-economy enterprises”,Journal of Rural and Community Development, 5(1/2):150–162.
  • Kibicho, W. (2008). “Community-based tourism: A factor-cluster segmentation approach”,Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(2): 211- 231.
  • Kim, S., Park, E. ve Phandanouvong, T. (2014). “Barriers to local residents’ participation in community-based tourism: lessons from Houay Kaeng Village in Laos”. In SHS Web of Conferences, 12: 1-8.
  • Ko, D. W. ve Stewart, W. P. (2002). “A structural equation model of residents’ management, 23(5): 521-530. for tourism development”. Tourism
  • Lewis, J. (2009).“Redefining qualitative methods: believability in the fifth moment”, International Journal of Qualitative Methods,8: 1-14. W. Development”,Annals of Tourism Research, 33 (1): 132–143.
  • López-Guzmán, T., Sánchez-Cañizares, S., Pavón, V. (2011). “Community- based tourism in developing countries: A case study”, Tourismos: an international multidisciplinary journal of tourism, 6(1): 69-84.
  • Manyara, G. ve Jones, E. (2007). “Community-based tourism enterprises development in Kenya: An exploration of their potential as avenues of poverty reduction”, Journal of sustainable tourism, 15(6): 628-644.
  • Mbaiwa, J.E. (2003). “The socio-economic and environmental impacts of tourism development on the Okavanga Delta, noryh-western Botswana”, Journal of Arid Environments, 54: 447-467.
  • Mitchell, J. ve Muckosy, P. (2008). A misguided quest: Community-based tourism in Latin America. Overseas development institute (ODI). pp:102
  • Mohan, J. (2002). Planning, markets and hospitals. (1st Edition) Routledge: London.
  • Murphy, P. E. (1985). Tourism: A community approach. Methuen: New York.
  • Nunkoo, R. ve Gursoy, D. (2012). “Residents’ support for tourism: An identity perspective”. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1): 243-268.
  • Nunkoo, R. ve Ramkissoon, H. (2010). “Small island urban tourism: A residents' perspective”. Current Issues in Tourism, 13(1): 37-60.
  • Okazaki, E. (2008). “A community-based tourism model: Its conception and use”,Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(5): 511-529.
  • Onderwater Y. (2011). Opportunities for community-based tourism in the Tonkolili district, Sierra Leone. Thesis. Hospitality Business School Saxion, Apeldoorn.
  • Özdemir, M. A. ve Kervankıran, İ. (2011). “Turizm ve turizmin etkileri konusunda yerel halkın yaklaşımlarının belirlenmesi: Afyonkarahisar örneği”, Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi, 24: 1-25.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2014). Nitel Araştırma ve Değerlendirme Yöntemleri, (Çev. Ed. M. Bütün ve S.B. Demir), Pegem Akademi: Ankara.
  • Perdue, R.R., Long, P.T. ve Allen, L. (1990). “Resident support for tourism development”, Annals of Tourism Research, 17(4): 586-599.
  • Pinel, D. P. (1998). A Community-Based Tourism Planning Process Model: Kyuquot Sound Area, B.C.Unpublished master’s thesis, The University of Guelph, Canada.
  • Rozemeijer, N. (2001). Community-based tourism in Botswana: The SNV experience in three community-tourism projects. SNV Botswana: Gaborone.
  • Scheyvens, R. (2002). Tourism for development: Empowering communities. Pearson Education Ltd: Harlow.
  • Sharifuddin, N. S. M., Zahari, M. S. M., Aizuddin, M. ve Hanafiah, M. H. (2015). “Is the Sense of Community towards Participation in Tourism Development among the Minorities in Multiracial Countries the Same?”. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 8(11): 3695-3703.
  • Stronza, A. ve Gordillo, J. (2008). “Community views of ecotourism”, Annals of Tourism Research, 35(2): 448-468.
  • Suansri, P. (2003). Community based tourism handbook. REST: Bangkok.
  • Swarbrooke, J. (1999). Sustainable tourism management. Cabi: London.
  • Tasci, A. D., Semrad, K. J. ve Yilmaz, S. S. (2013). Community basted tourism: Finding the equilibrium in the COMCEC context. COMCEC Coordination Office.
  • Timothy J.D. (1999). “Participatory planning: A view of tourism in Indonesia”,Annals of Tourism Research, 26(2): 371-391.
  • Tosun, C. (1999). Towards a typology of community participation in the tourism development process. Anatolia, 10(2), 113-134.
  • Tosun C. (2006). “Expected nature of community participation in tourism development”, Tourism Management 27: 493–504.
  • Tosun, C. (2000). “Limits to community participation in the tourism development management, 21(6): 613-633. in developing countries”, Tourism
  • Tsaur, S-H. ve Lin, W.-R., (2014). “Hassles of tour leaders”, Tourism Management, 45: 28-38.
  • UNDP (2014). “Misi Köyü ‘%100 Misia’ projesiyle 10 yıl sonra ilk ipeğine kavuştu.http://www.tr.undp.org/content/turkey/tr/home/presscenter/art icles/2014/08/20/misi-village-retrieved-its-first-silk-after-10-years- with-100-misia-project-.html (Erişim Tarihi: 23.03.2016).
  • Vajirakachorn, T. (2011). Determinants of success for community-based tourism: The case of floating markets in Thailand. Unpublished thesis, Doctor of Philosophy, Texas A&M University, USA.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2011). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Seçkin Yayıncılık: Ankara.
  • Yolal, M. (2016). Turizm araştırmalarında örnekleme: Bibliyometrik bir araştırma, Detay Yayıncılık: Ankara.
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA65HB39GH
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Sıla Karacaoğlu Bu kişi benim

Medet Yolal

Kemal Birdir

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Karacaoğlu, S., Yolal, M., & Birdir, K. (2016). Toplum Temelli Turizm Projelerinde Katılım ve Paylaşım: Misi Köyü Örneği. Çağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(2), 103-124.