Öz
Glauconitic sediments which are subject to this study, have been
deposited with different age and facies characteristics around Devrek-Zonguldak
and Kastamonu regions. Glauconies within Lower Cretaceous sequence of Western
Black sea region, developed in siliciclastic units which had been deposited in
outer shelf by transgressive conditions. Typical occurrences, are found in
Sapca formation of Zonguldak region. Glauconitic sandstones have preferably
been accumulated in sand bars during sea level changes controlled by eustatic
and tectonic factors. These sediments are characterised by large and small scale
cross beddings, sheet sands with parallel lamination, and bioturbation.
Glaucony grains within the sandstones have autochthon and allocton
characteristics according to their depositional environments. The movements
within the environment of glaucony formation had been accomplished by long and
short distance displacements. In consequence limestone, quartz, feldspar and
mafic rock grains which had been subjected to different degrees of
glauconitisation were concentrated in off shore sand bars. The glauconies have
been cemented by argillaceous matrix that shows different degree of
glauconitisation or rarely cemented by carbonate within the silicislastics. The
glauconitisation in Kastamonu region is observed within Lower Eocene units. This
mineralisation had been developed in carbonate facies which differs from
Zonguldak region. The areas where Lower Eocene limestones of reefal
characteristics laterally pass to open sea facies, have prepared suitable
environmental conditions for the glaucony formations. Fossil, intraclast and
pellet type carbonate grains in this level have been glauconitised by different
degrees and exhibit hard ground and complete authocthon properties. Glaucony
occurrences of the region have widely been controlled by sea level changes.
Autochthon glauconies of silisiclastics of Zonguldak region which had
especially been formed in periods of maximum transgression, were transported to
the lower system tracts by regression of the sea. Glaucony formation of
Kastamonu region occurred in hard grounds which marked upper surface of reefs
when they had been drowned by rapid rising of sea level.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Amireh, B.S.;Jarrar, G.; Henjes-Kunst, F. and Schneider, W.,1988, K-Ar dating, X-ray diffractometry, optical and scanning electron microscopy of glauconies from the early Cretaceous Kurnup Group of Jordan: Geological Journal, Vol.33, pp.49-65.
- Amorosi, A., 1995, Glaucony and Sequence Startigraphy: A conceptual Framework of Distribution in Siliciclastic Sequences. Journal of Sedimentary Research Vol. B65 No.4 November, 1995, pp.419- 425
- Barkut, M.Y.; Bilginer, E; and Pehlivan, Şükrü, 1990, Kastamonu Araç ve güneyinin jeolojisi: MTA Rap.; No.9079 (unpublished), Ankara.
- Bromley, R.G., 1975, Trace Fossils at Omission Surfaces: Frey R.W., ed., The Study of Trace Fossils, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp.399-428.
- Clari, P.A.; Dela Pierre, F. and Martire, L. 1995, Discontinuities in carbonate successions: identifi- cation, interpretation and classification of some Italian examples: Sedimentary Geology, Vol.100, pp.97-121.
- Hein, J.R.; Allwardt A.O. and Griggs G.B., 1974, The Occurrence of Glauconite in Monterey Bay, California. Diversity, origins and Sedimentary Environmental Significance. J. Sedim. Petrol. Vol.44, pp.562-571.
- Huges, A.D. and Whitehead, D., 1987, Glauconitization of detrital silica substrates in the Barton Formation (Upper Eosen) of the Hampshire Basin, Southern England, Sedimentology 1987, Vol.34 pp.825- 835.
- Jeraykievicz and Wojeweda, 1986, Offshore bars v.s lowstand shoreface deposits in the Cretaceous Interior Seaway of North America (Sedimentrary Environment and Fades, Edited by Reading H.G.1996, pp.277-280).
- Mc Cubbin, D.G., 1982, Barrier-Island and Strand-Plain Fades (Sandstone Depositional Environments Edited by Scholle PA. and Spearing D. 1982). AAPG Memoir, Vol.31.1982. Mc Rea, S.G., 1972, Glauconite Earth ScienceRev.8, pp.397-440.
- Moslow, T.F., 1983, Depositional Models of Shelf and Shoreline Sandstones Continuing Education Course Note Series-27, AAPG Full Education Conference.
- Odin, G.S., 1972 a, Observations nouvelles sur la struc- ture de la glauconie en accordeon: description du processus de genese par neoformation. Sedimentology, Vol. 19, pp.285-294.
- and Matter, A., 1981, De Glauconiarium Origine. Sedimentology 1981. Vol.28, pp. 611-641.
- Ojakangasr, R.W. and Keller W.D., 1964, Glauconitisation of rhyolite sand grains. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology Vol.34 No.1 pp.84-90.
- Rhoads, D.C., 1975, The Paleoecological and Environ- mental Significance of Trace Fossils: Frey R.W., 1975, ed The Study of Trace Fossils. Springer Verlag, Berlin.
- Surlyk and Noe-Nygaard, 1991, Shallow marine sand dep- osition in an elongate, intracratonic rift basin: Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous of East Greenland (Sedimentary Environment and Fades. Edited by Reading H.G. , 1996, pp.273- 277).
- Tucker, M.E.; Wright, V.P.: and Dickson, J.A.D., 1992, Carbonate Sedimentology, Blackwell Scientific Publications.
- Triplehorn, D.M., 1966, Morphology, internal structure and origin of glauconite pellets. Sedimentology, Vol.6. pp.247-266.
- Varol B. and Şerifi C., 1995, Üst Kretase Glokonilerinin (Kilis, G.D. Türkiye) Sedimenter Petrografisi ve Çökel Ortamları: Tr. J. of Earth Sciences 4 (1995), Tubitak, 13-26.
- Wermund, E. G., 1961, Glauconite in Early Tertiary Sediments of Gulf Coastal Province.Bull. Am. Ass. Petrol. Geol. Vol.45, pp.1667-1696.
- Wolfgang, S., 1991, Depositional bias and environmental change-important factors in sequence startig- raphy. Sedimentary Geology, 70(1991), 109-130.
- Yergök, A.F; Akman, Ü; iplikçi, E; Karabıyık; Keskin i; Mengi, H; Umut, M; Armağan F; Erdoğan, K; Kaymakçı, H; and Çetin A.F., 1987, Batı Karadeniz Bölgesinin Jeolojisi: MTA Rap.,No., 8273 (unpublished), Ankara.
Öz
Kaynakça
- Amireh, B.S.;Jarrar, G.; Henjes-Kunst, F. and Schneider, W.,1988, K-Ar dating, X-ray diffractometry, optical and scanning electron microscopy of glauconies from the early Cretaceous Kurnup Group of Jordan: Geological Journal, Vol.33, pp.49-65.
- Amorosi, A., 1995, Glaucony and Sequence Startigraphy: A conceptual Framework of Distribution in Siliciclastic Sequences. Journal of Sedimentary Research Vol. B65 No.4 November, 1995, pp.419- 425
- Barkut, M.Y.; Bilginer, E; and Pehlivan, Şükrü, 1990, Kastamonu Araç ve güneyinin jeolojisi: MTA Rap.; No.9079 (unpublished), Ankara.
- Bromley, R.G., 1975, Trace Fossils at Omission Surfaces: Frey R.W., ed., The Study of Trace Fossils, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp.399-428.
- Clari, P.A.; Dela Pierre, F. and Martire, L. 1995, Discontinuities in carbonate successions: identifi- cation, interpretation and classification of some Italian examples: Sedimentary Geology, Vol.100, pp.97-121.
- Hein, J.R.; Allwardt A.O. and Griggs G.B., 1974, The Occurrence of Glauconite in Monterey Bay, California. Diversity, origins and Sedimentary Environmental Significance. J. Sedim. Petrol. Vol.44, pp.562-571.
- Huges, A.D. and Whitehead, D., 1987, Glauconitization of detrital silica substrates in the Barton Formation (Upper Eosen) of the Hampshire Basin, Southern England, Sedimentology 1987, Vol.34 pp.825- 835.
- Jeraykievicz and Wojeweda, 1986, Offshore bars v.s lowstand shoreface deposits in the Cretaceous Interior Seaway of North America (Sedimentrary Environment and Fades, Edited by Reading H.G.1996, pp.277-280).
- Mc Cubbin, D.G., 1982, Barrier-Island and Strand-Plain Fades (Sandstone Depositional Environments Edited by Scholle PA. and Spearing D. 1982). AAPG Memoir, Vol.31.1982. Mc Rea, S.G., 1972, Glauconite Earth ScienceRev.8, pp.397-440.
- Moslow, T.F., 1983, Depositional Models of Shelf and Shoreline Sandstones Continuing Education Course Note Series-27, AAPG Full Education Conference.
- Odin, G.S., 1972 a, Observations nouvelles sur la struc- ture de la glauconie en accordeon: description du processus de genese par neoformation. Sedimentology, Vol. 19, pp.285-294.
- and Matter, A., 1981, De Glauconiarium Origine. Sedimentology 1981. Vol.28, pp. 611-641.
- Ojakangasr, R.W. and Keller W.D., 1964, Glauconitisation of rhyolite sand grains. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology Vol.34 No.1 pp.84-90.
- Rhoads, D.C., 1975, The Paleoecological and Environ- mental Significance of Trace Fossils: Frey R.W., 1975, ed The Study of Trace Fossils. Springer Verlag, Berlin.
- Surlyk and Noe-Nygaard, 1991, Shallow marine sand dep- osition in an elongate, intracratonic rift basin: Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous of East Greenland (Sedimentary Environment and Fades. Edited by Reading H.G. , 1996, pp.273- 277).
- Tucker, M.E.; Wright, V.P.: and Dickson, J.A.D., 1992, Carbonate Sedimentology, Blackwell Scientific Publications.
- Triplehorn, D.M., 1966, Morphology, internal structure and origin of glauconite pellets. Sedimentology, Vol.6. pp.247-266.
- Varol B. and Şerifi C., 1995, Üst Kretase Glokonilerinin (Kilis, G.D. Türkiye) Sedimenter Petrografisi ve Çökel Ortamları: Tr. J. of Earth Sciences 4 (1995), Tubitak, 13-26.
- Wermund, E. G., 1961, Glauconite in Early Tertiary Sediments of Gulf Coastal Province.Bull. Am. Ass. Petrol. Geol. Vol.45, pp.1667-1696.
- Wolfgang, S., 1991, Depositional bias and environmental change-important factors in sequence startig- raphy. Sedimentary Geology, 70(1991), 109-130.
- Yergök, A.F; Akman, Ü; iplikçi, E; Karabıyık; Keskin i; Mengi, H; Umut, M; Armağan F; Erdoğan, K; Kaymakçı, H; and Çetin A.F., 1987, Batı Karadeniz Bölgesinin Jeolojisi: MTA Rap.,No., 8273 (unpublished), Ankara.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mühendislik |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Mart 2000 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2000 Cilt: 122 Sayı: 122 |
Kaynak Göster
Copyright and Licence
The Bulletin of Mineral Research and Exploration keeps the Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works No: 5846. The Bulletin of Mineral Research and Exploration publishes the articles under the terms of “Creatice Common Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0)” licence which allows to others to download your works and share them with others as long as they credit you, but they can’t change them in any way or use them commercially.
For further details;
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/?lang=en