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SARS-CoV-2’NİN SÜREGELEN EVRİMİ: PANDEMİNİN SONUNA NE KADAR YAKINIZ?

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 201 - 212, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.34084/bshr.1200144

Öz

Pandeminin başlangıcından bu yana SARS-CoV-2 genomunun dizilenmesi, viral evrimin anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmakta ve COVID-19 hastalığının kökenleri ve yayılmasına yönelik genomik epidemiyoloji araştırmalarına olanak sağlamaktadır. SARS-CoV-2, diğer RNA virüslerine benzer şekilde sürekli mutasyona uğramakta ve yeni varyantlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. SARS-CoV-2 varyantları arasında, bunların yalnızca bir kısmı, daha bulaşıcı oldukları ve daha ağır hastalıklara neden oldukları için halk sağlığı açısından risk oluşturabilmektedir. Bu mutasyonlar virüse seçici bir avantaj sağlayabilirler. Varyantlar insan sağlığı açısıdan daha riskli hale geldiğinde, endişe verici varyantlar (VOC) olarak adlandırılmaktadırlar. 2021 yılının Kasım ayına kadar pandeminin hâkimi olan Delta varyantı, hastaneye yatış ve ölüm riskinin artmasına neden olmuştur, ancak mevcut aşılar bu varyanta karşı etkilidir. Son varyant olan Omicron, artan bulaşabilirlik ve azalmış antikor duyarlılığı ile karakterize edilmektedir. Bu derlemede, SARS-CoV-2 varyantlarının bulaşıcılıkları, hastalığın şiddeti ve bağışıklık duyarlılıkları ile ilgili bilgiler incelenecektir.

Kaynakça

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THE CONTINUOUS EVOLUTION OF SARS-CoV-2: HOW CLOSE ARE WE TO THE END OF THE PANDEMIC?

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 201 - 212, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.34084/bshr.1200144

Öz

Sequencing the SARS-CoV-2 genome since the onset of the pandemic has contributed to the understanding of viral evolution and has enabled genomic epidemiology investigations into the origins and spread of COVID-19 disease. Similar to other RNA viruses, SARS-CoV-2 is constantly mutating and new variants appear. Among the SARS-CoV-2 variants, only some of them pose a public health risk because they are more contagious and cause more severe diseases. These mutations can give the virus a selective advantage. When variants become more risky to human health, they are called variants of concern (VOC). The Delta variant, which dominated the pandemic until November 2021, has resulted in an increased risk of hospitalization and death, but current vaccines are effective against this variant. The last variant, Omicron, is characterized by increased transmissibility and decreased antibody sensitivity. In this review, information about the contagiousness of SARS-CoV-2 variants, the severity of the disease and their immune susceptibility will be examined.

Kaynakça

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  • 7. Korber B, Fischer WM, Gnanakaran S, Yoon H, Theiler J, Abfalterer W, et al. Tracking changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike: evidence that D614G increases infectivity of the COVID-19 virus. Cell 2020; 182(4): 812-827.
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  • 14. Gu H, Chen Q, Yang G, He L, Fan H, Deng YQ, et al. Adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 in BALB/c mice for testing vaccine efficacy. Science 2020; 369(6511): 1603-1607.
  • 15. Santos JC, Passos GA. The high infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 B. 1.1. 7 is associated with increased interaction force between Spike-ACE2 caused by the viral N501Y mutation. bioRxiv: 2020.12.29.424708; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.29.424708
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  • 17. Shen X, Tang H, McDanal C, Wagh K, Fischer W, Theiler J, et al. SARS-CoV-2 variant B. 1.1. 7 is susceptible to neutralizing antibodies elicited by ancestral spike vaccines. Cell host & microbe 2021; 29(4): 529-539.
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  • 50. K. Khan, F. Karim, Y. Ganga, M. Bernstein, Z. Jule, K. Reedoy, et al. Omicron sub-lineages BA.4/BA.5 escape BA.1 infection elicited neutralizing immunity [preprint] May 1, medRxiv (2022), https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.04.29.22274477.
  • 51. Saxena SK, Kumar S, Ansari S, Paweska JT, Maurya VK, Tripathi AK, et al. Characterization of the novel SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of concern and its global perspective. J Med Virol 2022; 94(4): 1738-1744.
  • 52. Mannar D, Saville JW, Zhu X, Srivastava SS, Berezuk AM, Tuttle KS, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: Antibody evasion and cryo-EM structure of spike protein-ACE2 complex. Science 2022; 375(6582): 760-764.
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  • 62. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Erişim tarihi: 05.01.2022. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2022/s0104-Pfizer-Booster.html
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  • 75. Böger B, Fachi MM, Vilhena RO, Cobre AF, Tonin FS, Pontarolo R. Systematic review with meta-analysis of the accuracy of diagnostic tests for COVID-19. Am J Infect Control 2021; 49(1): 21-29.
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  • 77. Vecchio CD, Brancaccio G, Brazzale AR, Lavezzo E, Onelia F, Franchin E, et al. Emergence of N antigen SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants escaping detection of antigenic tests. medRxiv 2021.03.25.21253802. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.25.21253802
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Toplam 78 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Bulaşıcı Hastalıklar, Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Elmas Pınar Kahraman Kılbaş 0000-0003-1348-625X

Mustafa Altındiş 0000-0003-0411-9669

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2022
Kabul Tarihi 2 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

AMA Kahraman Kılbaş EP, Altındiş M. SARS-CoV-2’NİN SÜREGELEN EVRİMİ: PANDEMİNİN SONUNA NE KADAR YAKINIZ?. J Biotechnol and Strategic Health Res. Aralık 2022;6(3):201-212. doi:10.34084/bshr.1200144
  • Dergimiz Uluslararası hakemli bir dergi olup TÜRKİYE ATIF DİZİNİ, TürkMedline, CrossREF, ASOS index, Google Scholar, JournalTOCs, Eurasian Scientific Journal Index(ESJI), SOBIAD ve ISIindexing dizinlerinde taranmaktadır. TR Dizin(ULAKBİM), SCOPUS, DOAJ için başvurularımızın sonuçlanması beklenmektedir.