Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Irak'taki Fırat Nehri ve Razzaza Gölü'ndeki tatlı ve tuzlu su balıklarında Ektoparazit istilasının karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 45 - 50, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.58833/bozokvetsci.1376907

Öz

Parazit istilaları, dünyanın her yerinde tatlı su ve deniz balıkları için ana zorluklardan birini temsil etmektedir. Enfeksiyonlar genellikle balıkların derisinde ve solungaçlarında bulunur ve aşırı parazitlenmiş enfeksiyonlarda ölüm gibi tehlikeli sorunlara neden olabilir. Bu çalışma, balıklarda ektoparazit tiplerinin tespiti amacıyla yürütülmüş olup, Fırat Nehri'nden 200 adet Coptodon zillii ve Razzaza Gölü'nden 120 adet Cyprinus carpio su ortamında bu çalışma için kullanılmıştır. Numuneler 2022 yılında farklı dönemlerde piyasadan satın alınmış ve seçilmiştir. Solungaç ağları kullanılarak balıkların toplanması. Balık örneklerinin toplanması laboratuarda gerçekleştirildi ve makroskobik inceleme, brüt iç organlar, mikroskobik inceleme-yüzgeçlerin ıslak kısmı, deri, solungaçlar ve gözler kullanıldı. Her iki enfekte balığın sonuçları çeşitli klinik belirtilerin varlığını ortaya çıkardı. Prevalans %65,6, Coptodon zillii'de %30 ve Cyprinus carpio'da %100 olarak tespit edildi. Gerçekten de solungaçlarda nekrotik alanların, ülserasyonların ve kanamaların ortaya çıktığını gözlemledik. Diğer vücut kısımlarında Protozoa ve Monogenean parazitlerini bulduk. Ektoparazitlerin tanımlanması yüzgeçlerde, deride ve solungaçlarda yapıldı ve gözlerde enfeksiyon görülmedi. Coptodon zillii'nin enfekte ettiği 4 tip ektoparazit vardır: Trichodina sp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis sp., Dactylogyrus sp. ve Gyrodactylus sp. Cyprinus carpio yani I. multifiliis ve Gyrodactylus sp. Balık tipinin ağırlığı ve uzunluğu açısından P≤0.05'teki sonuçlar anlamlıdır ancak her iki türde de cinsiyetler için anlamlı değildir. Gelecek çalışmalarda farklı ortamlardaki parazit türlerinin tanımlanmasına yönelik modern araçlara odaklanılmalıdır.

Etik Beyan

Ethics required are approved by the Ethical Committee of University of Kerbala/ College of Veterinary Medicine

Destekleyen Kurum

There is no funding.

Proje Numarası

under No, UOK. Vet. MI. 2022.063.

Teşekkür

I would like to thank all authors in this field.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Dezfuli BS, Scholz T. Fish parasites. Parasitology 2022;149(14):1811-4.
  • 2. Yusni E, Rambe N. Identification of ectoparasites in fry Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in aquaculture pond. InIOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019 May 1 (Vol. 260, No. 1, p. 012110). IOP Publishing.
  • 3. Jerônimo GT, da Cruz MG, Bertaglia ED, Furtado WE, Martins ML. Fish parasites can reflect environmental quality in fish farms. Reviews in Aquaculture 2022;14(3):1558-71.
  • 4. Indahsari M, Ulkhaq MF. Prevalence and Intensity of ectoparasites of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in ponds with low, medium and high stocking density. InIOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019 Feb 1 (Vol. 236, No. 1, p. 012108). IOP Publishing.
  • 5. Li WJ, Lyu XM, Nie P, Liu Y. Morphological, histopathological and molecular characterization of parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infecting an indigenous and endangered fish, Schizothorax macropogon (Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae) in high plateau, Tibet, China. Aquaculture Reports 2022;25:101192.
  • 6. Abu-Elala NM, Attia MM, Abd-Elsalam RM, Gamal A, Younis NA. Peracetic acid treatment of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora: Ichthyophthiriidae) and Trichodina spp. reduces the infection by Aeromonas hydrophila and improves survival in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture 2021;538:736591.
  • 7. Trujillo-González A, Becker JA, Hutson KS. Parasite dispersal from the ornamental goldfish trade. Advances in Parasitology 2018;100:239-81.
  • 8. Khalifa KA, Al-Khayat KM, Al-Rijab FH. Ichthyophthiriasis in farmed fishes in Iraq. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1983;19(2):145.
  • 9. Blazhekovikj-Dimovska D, Stojanovski S. Ectoparasitic species of the genus Trichodina (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) parasitizing Macedonian freshwater fish. Acta Biologica 2020;27:11-20. https://eprints.uklo.edu.mk/id/eprint/7537/.
  • 10. Wang Z, Bourland WA, Zhou T, Yang H, Zhang C, Gu Z. Morphological and molecular characterization of two Trichodina (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) species from freshwater fishes in China. European Journal of Protistology 2020;72:125647.
  • 11. Ali MD, Shaaban F. Some species of parasites of freshwater fish raised in ponds and in Tigris-Al-Tharthar canal region. Seventh Sci. InConf. Iraqi Vet. Med. Assoc., Mosul 1984 Oct 23 (Vol. 23, No. 25, pp. 44-46).
  • 12. Abdullah YS. Gyrodactylus angorae (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae): First Occurrence on the Body of Two Nemachilid Fishes from Iraq. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2021;33(5).
  • 13. Attia MM, Abdelsalam M, Elgendy MY, Sherif AH. Dactylogyrus extensus and Pseudomonas fluorescens dual infection in farmed common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Microbial Pathogenesis 2022;173:105867.
  • 14. Abdullah SM. Additional records of Dactylogyrus (Monogenea) from some cyprinid fishes from Darbandikhan Lake, Iraq. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences 2009;2(4):145-50.
  • 15. Shinn AP, Avenant‐Oldewage A, Bondad‐Reantaso MG, Cruz‐Laufer AJ, García‐Vásquez A, Hernández‐Orts JS, Kuchta R, Longshaw M, Metselaar M, Pariselle A, Pérez‐Ponce de León G. A global review of problematic and pathogenic parasites of farmed tilapia. Reviews in Aquaculture 2023;15:92-153.
  • 16. Al-Marjan KS, Abdullah SM. Some ectoparasites of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Ainkawa fish hatchery, Erbil province. In Second Kurdistan conference on biological science. Journal of Dohok University 2009 (Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 102-107). 17. Al-Sa'adi BA, Mhaisen FT, Al-Rubae AL. The first parasitological report on the redbelly Tilapia Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848) in Iraq. In Proceedings of the Scientific Symposium of Natural History Research Center and Museum, Univ. Baghdad, Baghdad 2012 Jun 20 (Vol. 20, pp. 1-6).
  • 18. Jawad M, Ridha ZM, Alali F, Saeed EL, Alhesnawi AS. Distribution and Identification of the Parasitic Nematode Contracaecum spp. in Planiliza Abu (Heckel, 1843: Mugiliformes, Mugilidae) From Razzaza Lake, Karbala Province, Iraq. Bozok Veterinary Sciences 2022;3(2):40-6. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/bozokvetsci/issue/74442/1170184.
  • 19. Kotob MH, Menanteau-Ledouble S, Kumar G, Abdelzaher M, El-Matbouli M. The impact of co-infections on fish: a review. Veterinary Research 2017;47(1):1-2.
  • 20. Islam SI, Rodkhum C, Taweethavonsawat P. An overview of parasitic co-infections in tilapia culture. Aquaculture International 2023; 6:1-29.
  • 21. Samad KA, Ali AA. Study of Histopathological change in gills of Coptodon zillii as a bioindicator of pollution in Sarragy River In Abu Alkhasiib region. Iraqi Journal of Aquaculture 2014;11(2):141-52.
  • 22. Wang L, Zhang D, Xie J, Chang O, Wang Q, Shi C, Zhao F, Gong H, Ren Y, Musa N, Lee KL. Do ectoparasites on fish gills “talk” with gut microbiota far away?. Aquaculture 2023;562:738880.

Comparison of Ectoparasites infestation for fresh and saltwater Fishes from Euphrates, and Razzaza Lake, Iraq

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 45 - 50, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.58833/bozokvetsci.1376907

Öz

Parasitic infestations represent one of the main challenges to fresh water and marine fish all areas of the world. The infections are commonly found on the skin and gills of fish and can cause dangerous problems, as mortality, in heavily parasitized infections. This study was conducted to detect of ectoparasite types in Fishes, 200 of Coptodon zillii from Euphrates and 120 Cyprinus carpio from Razzaza Lake, were used for this study in aquatic environment. The specimens were purchased at 2022 in different periods from market and selected. The collection of fish using gill nets. The collected of fish samples was carried out in lab and used macroscopic inspection, gross viscera, microscopic exam-wet mount of fins, skin, gills and eyes. The results of the both infected fishes revealed the presence of several clinical signs. The prevalence was 65.6%, in Coptodon zillii was 30% and Cyprinus carpio was 100%. Indeed, we observed the appearance of necrotic areas, ulcerations and hemorrhage on the gills. On others body parts, we found Protozoa and Monogeneans parasites. The identification of ectoparasite were obtained in fins, skin, and gills and no infection in eyes. There are 4 types of ectoparasites were infect to Coptodon zillii, that is Trichodina sp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis sp., Dactylogyrus sp., and Gyrodactylus sp. While, Cyprinus carpio that is I. multifiliis and Gyrodactylus sp. Significantly of results at P≤0.05 of fish type with weight and long but not significant for genders in both types. In future studies should be focusing on modern tools to identification of parasites species in different environments.

Proje Numarası

under No, UOK. Vet. MI. 2022.063.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Dezfuli BS, Scholz T. Fish parasites. Parasitology 2022;149(14):1811-4.
  • 2. Yusni E, Rambe N. Identification of ectoparasites in fry Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in aquaculture pond. InIOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019 May 1 (Vol. 260, No. 1, p. 012110). IOP Publishing.
  • 3. Jerônimo GT, da Cruz MG, Bertaglia ED, Furtado WE, Martins ML. Fish parasites can reflect environmental quality in fish farms. Reviews in Aquaculture 2022;14(3):1558-71.
  • 4. Indahsari M, Ulkhaq MF. Prevalence and Intensity of ectoparasites of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in ponds with low, medium and high stocking density. InIOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019 Feb 1 (Vol. 236, No. 1, p. 012108). IOP Publishing.
  • 5. Li WJ, Lyu XM, Nie P, Liu Y. Morphological, histopathological and molecular characterization of parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infecting an indigenous and endangered fish, Schizothorax macropogon (Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae) in high plateau, Tibet, China. Aquaculture Reports 2022;25:101192.
  • 6. Abu-Elala NM, Attia MM, Abd-Elsalam RM, Gamal A, Younis NA. Peracetic acid treatment of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora: Ichthyophthiriidae) and Trichodina spp. reduces the infection by Aeromonas hydrophila and improves survival in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture 2021;538:736591.
  • 7. Trujillo-González A, Becker JA, Hutson KS. Parasite dispersal from the ornamental goldfish trade. Advances in Parasitology 2018;100:239-81.
  • 8. Khalifa KA, Al-Khayat KM, Al-Rijab FH. Ichthyophthiriasis in farmed fishes in Iraq. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1983;19(2):145.
  • 9. Blazhekovikj-Dimovska D, Stojanovski S. Ectoparasitic species of the genus Trichodina (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) parasitizing Macedonian freshwater fish. Acta Biologica 2020;27:11-20. https://eprints.uklo.edu.mk/id/eprint/7537/.
  • 10. Wang Z, Bourland WA, Zhou T, Yang H, Zhang C, Gu Z. Morphological and molecular characterization of two Trichodina (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) species from freshwater fishes in China. European Journal of Protistology 2020;72:125647.
  • 11. Ali MD, Shaaban F. Some species of parasites of freshwater fish raised in ponds and in Tigris-Al-Tharthar canal region. Seventh Sci. InConf. Iraqi Vet. Med. Assoc., Mosul 1984 Oct 23 (Vol. 23, No. 25, pp. 44-46).
  • 12. Abdullah YS. Gyrodactylus angorae (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae): First Occurrence on the Body of Two Nemachilid Fishes from Iraq. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2021;33(5).
  • 13. Attia MM, Abdelsalam M, Elgendy MY, Sherif AH. Dactylogyrus extensus and Pseudomonas fluorescens dual infection in farmed common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Microbial Pathogenesis 2022;173:105867.
  • 14. Abdullah SM. Additional records of Dactylogyrus (Monogenea) from some cyprinid fishes from Darbandikhan Lake, Iraq. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences 2009;2(4):145-50.
  • 15. Shinn AP, Avenant‐Oldewage A, Bondad‐Reantaso MG, Cruz‐Laufer AJ, García‐Vásquez A, Hernández‐Orts JS, Kuchta R, Longshaw M, Metselaar M, Pariselle A, Pérez‐Ponce de León G. A global review of problematic and pathogenic parasites of farmed tilapia. Reviews in Aquaculture 2023;15:92-153.
  • 16. Al-Marjan KS, Abdullah SM. Some ectoparasites of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Ainkawa fish hatchery, Erbil province. In Second Kurdistan conference on biological science. Journal of Dohok University 2009 (Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 102-107). 17. Al-Sa'adi BA, Mhaisen FT, Al-Rubae AL. The first parasitological report on the redbelly Tilapia Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848) in Iraq. In Proceedings of the Scientific Symposium of Natural History Research Center and Museum, Univ. Baghdad, Baghdad 2012 Jun 20 (Vol. 20, pp. 1-6).
  • 18. Jawad M, Ridha ZM, Alali F, Saeed EL, Alhesnawi AS. Distribution and Identification of the Parasitic Nematode Contracaecum spp. in Planiliza Abu (Heckel, 1843: Mugiliformes, Mugilidae) From Razzaza Lake, Karbala Province, Iraq. Bozok Veterinary Sciences 2022;3(2):40-6. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/bozokvetsci/issue/74442/1170184.
  • 19. Kotob MH, Menanteau-Ledouble S, Kumar G, Abdelzaher M, El-Matbouli M. The impact of co-infections on fish: a review. Veterinary Research 2017;47(1):1-2.
  • 20. Islam SI, Rodkhum C, Taweethavonsawat P. An overview of parasitic co-infections in tilapia culture. Aquaculture International 2023; 6:1-29.
  • 21. Samad KA, Ali AA. Study of Histopathological change in gills of Coptodon zillii as a bioindicator of pollution in Sarragy River In Abu Alkhasiib region. Iraqi Journal of Aquaculture 2014;11(2):141-52.
  • 22. Wang L, Zhang D, Xie J, Chang O, Wang Q, Shi C, Zhao F, Gong H, Ren Y, Musa N, Lee KL. Do ectoparasites on fish gills “talk” with gut microbiota far away?. Aquaculture 2023;562:738880.
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Veteriner Bilimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Marwa Jawad 0000-0003-2927-9220

Firas Alali 0000-0002-3438-6453

Mohammed B. Shaheed Al‑khateeb 0000-0002-7627-4812

Asaad Sh. Alhesnawi 0000-0003-4172-581X

Proje Numarası under No, UOK. Vet. MI. 2022.063.
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Ekim 2023
Kabul Tarihi 22 Kasım 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Jawad M, Alali F, Al‑khateeb MBS, Alhesnawi AS. Comparison of Ectoparasites infestation for fresh and saltwater Fishes from Euphrates, and Razzaza Lake, Iraq. Bozok Vet Sci. 2023;4(2):45-50.