Öz
Bu çalışmada iki önemli endüstriyel atık olan bor ve silis dumanının yapı malzemeleri üretiminde ana hammadde olarak kullanım imkanı araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, Emet Borik Asit fabrikasına (Kütahya/Türkiye) ait bor atığı (borojips) ve Elektrometalurji tesislerinden (Antalya/Türkiye) alınan silis dumanından farklı reçeteler tasarlanmıştır. Karışımlar, bileşimde kullanılan atık malzeme miktarı %90, kalan %10 ise bağlayıcı kil olacak şekilde hazırlanmıştır. Her iki atıktan farklı oranlarda hazırlanan numuneler 10 MPa'da tek eksenli olarak preslenmiş ve şekillendirilen numuneler daha sonra 1000, 1050, 1100 ve 1150 °C' sıcaklıklarda pişirilmiştir. Pişirilen numuneler üzerinde fiziksel ve mekanik testlerin yanı sıra mineralojik ve mikroyapısal analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Atıklardan elde edilen numunelerin teknik özellikleri, atık malzemenin türüne, kullanım miktarına ve pişirme sıcaklıklarına bağlı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Yüksek Borogypsum kullanımının yüksek pişme kaybına neden olacağı, bunun da malzemenin boyutsal stabilitesini olumsuz etkileyeceği anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca borojipse silis dumanı ilavesi ile su emme ve porozite değerlerinin arttığı, mukavemet değerlerinin ise buna bağlı olarak azaldığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, %70 borojips ve %20 silis dumanı karışımından hazırlanan numunelerde elde edilen su emme ve eğilme dayanımı değerleri sırasıyla EN ISO 10545-3 ve EN ISO 10545-4 standartlarında tanımlanan teknik özelliklerle örtüştüğü için duvar karosu olarak kullanımının mümkün olacağı düşünülebilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1- S. Baspinar, İ. Demir, M. Orhan, Utilization potential of silica fume in fired clay bricks, Waste Management & Research, 28, 149–157, (2010)
- 2-A. Sahin Zaimoglu, Engineering properties of sand stabilised with Borogypsum, Proc Inst Civ Eng Geotech Eng, 164, 277-282, (2011)
- 3- H. M. Şimşek, R. Guliyev, A.V. Beşe, Dissolution kinetics of borogypsum in di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate solutions, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43 (44), 20262-20270, 2018
- 4- İ. Y. Elbeyli, S. Pişkin, Kinetic study of the thermal dehydration of Borogypsum, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 116, Issues 1–2, 10 December 2004, Pages 111-117
- 5- K. Kunt, F. Dur, M. Yildirim, E.M. Derun, Effect of chemical admixtures on borogypsum containing cement mortar Main Gr. Chem. (2017),
- 6- R. Boncukcuoǧlu, M.T. Yilmaz, M.M. Kocakerim, V. Tosunoǧlu, Utilization of borogypsum as set retarder in Portland cement production Cem. Concr. Res. (2002),
- 7- M. Özdemir, N.U. Öztürk, Utilization of clay wastes containing boron as cement additives Cem. Concr. Res. (2003),
- 8- U. K. Sevim, M. Ozturk, S. Onturk, M. B. Bankir, Utilization of boron waste borogypsum in mortar, Journal of Building Engineering Volume 22, March 2019, Pages 496-503
- 9- M. Ozturk, U. K. Sevim, O. Akgol, E. Unal, M. Karaaslan, Investigation of the mechanic, electromagnetic characteristics and shielding effectiveness of concrete with boron ores and boron containing wastes, Construction and Building Materials, 252, 119058, 2020
- 10- C.B.E. Abi, Effect of borogypsum on brick properties, Construct Build Mater, 59, 195-203, (2014)
- 11- M. Delfini, M. Ferrini, A. Manni, P. Massacci, L. Piga, Arsenic leaching by Na2S to decontaminate tailings coming from colemanite processing, Miner Eng, 16, 45-50, (2003)
- 12- F. do, C. Holanda, H. Schmidt, V.A. Quarcioni, Influence of phosphorus from phosphogypsum on the initial hydration of Portland cement in the presence of superplasticizers, Cem. Concr. Compos. (2017)
- 13- Y. Abali, S.U. Bayca, S. Targan, Evaluation of blends tincal waste, volcanic tuff, bentonite and fly ash for use as a cement admixture J. Hazard. Mater. (2006)
- 14- D. Över Kaman, L. Köroğlu, E. Ayas, Y. Güney, The effect of heat-treated boron derivative waste at 600 °C on the mechanical and microstructural properties of cement mortar, Constr. Build. Mater. (2017)
- 15- U.K. Sevim, Colemanite ore waste concrete with low shrinkage and high split tensile strength, Mater. Struct. Constr. (2011),
- 16- I.Y. Elbeyli, E.M. Derun, J. Gülen, S. Pişkin, Thermal analysis of borogypsum and its effects on the physical properties of Portland cement, Cement Concr Res, 33,1729-1735, 2003
- 17- U.K. Sevim, Y. Tümen, Strength and fresh properties of borogypsum concrete, Construct Build Mater, 48 (2013), pp. 342-347
- 18- I. Alp, H. Deveci̇, Y.H. Süngün, E.Y. Yazici, M. Savaş, S. Demi̇rci̇, Leachable characteristics of arsenical borogypsum wastes and their potential use in cement, production, Environ Sci Technol, 43 (2009), pp. 6939-6943
- 19- T. Kütük-Sert, S. Kütük, Physical and marshall properties of borogypsum used as filler aggregate in asphalt concrete, J Mater Civ Eng, 25, 266-273, (2013)
- 20- D. Demir, G. Keleş, Radiation transmission of concrete including boron waste for 59.54 and 80.99 keV gamma rays, Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect B, 245 (2006), pp. 501-504
- 21- Y.Y. Çelen, A. Evcin, Synthesis and characterizations of magnetite-borogypsum for radiation shielding, Emerging Materials Research 9(3), 1-7, (2020)
- 22- A.C.A. Muller, K.L. Scrivener, J. Skibsted, A.M. Gajewicz, P.J. McDonald, Influence of silica fume on the microstructure of cement pastes: new insights from H NMR relaxometry Cem. Concr. Res., 74 (2015), pp. 116-125
- 23- M.A. Sanjuán, C. Argiz, J.C. Gálvez, A. Moragues, Effect of silica fume fineness on the improvement of Portland cement strength performance, Constr. Build. Mater., 96 (2015), pp. 55-64
- 24- R. Siddique, Utilization of silica fume in concrete: review of hardened properties, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 55 (2011), pp. 923-932
- 25- M.I. Khan, R. Siddique, Utilization of silica fume in concrete: review of durability properties, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 57 (2011), pp. 30-35
- 26- Tatiana L.Ávalos-Rendón, Elías A. Pastén Chelala, Carlos J.Mendoza Escobedo, Ignacio A. Figueroa, Víctor H.Lara, Luis M.Palacios-Romero, Synthesis of belite cements at low temperature from silica fume and natural commercial zeolite, Materials Science and Engineering: B, Volume 229, March 2018, Pages 79-85
- 27- Ç Öztürk, S Akpınar, M Tığ, Effect of calcined colemanite addition on properties of porcelain tile, Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, 1-11, (2021)
- 28- Ç Öztürk, S Akpınar, M Tarhan, Investigation of the usability of Sille stone as additive in floor tiles, Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society 57 (2), 567-577, (2021)
- 29- Y. Özdemir, S. Akpınar, A. Evcin, Effect of calcined colemanite additions on properties of hard porcelain body, Ceramics International 43 (11), 8364-8371, 30-(2017)
- 30- O. Turkmen, A. Kucuk, S Akpinar, Effect of wollastonite addition on sintering of hard porcelain, Ceramics International 41 (4), 5505-5512, (2015)
Investigation of the effects of borogypsum and silica fume in silica fume on ceramic material's sintering and final properties
Öz
The present study is aimed at investigating the utilization of two crucial industrial wastes, borogypsum and silica fume, as the main raw materials in the production of building materials. For this aim, different receipts were designed from boron waste (borogypsum) belonging to Emet Boric Acid factory (Kütahya/Turkey) and silica fume, which was taken from Electrometallurgy facilities (Antalya/Turkey). Mixtures were prepared so that the amount of waste material used in the composition was 90%, and the remaining 10% was binder clay. The samples were prepared with different proportions of both wastes were pressed uniaxially at 10 MPa, and the shaped samples were then fired at 1000, 1050, 1100, and 1150 °C. Physical and mechanical tests, as well as mineralogical and microstructural analyses, were carried out on the fired samples. The technical properties of the samples derived from the wastes were evaluated depending on the type of waste material and its usage amounts, and firing temperatures. It has been understood that the use of high Borogypsum will cause high firing loss, which will negatively affect the dimensional stability of the material. Moreover, with silica fume addition to borogypsum, the water absorption and porosity values increased, and the strength values decreased accordingly. Consequently, the water absorption and bending strength values obtained in the samples prepared from a mixture of 70% borogypsum and 20% silica fume can be considered the usage as a wall tile is possible since they coincide with the technical properties defined in the EN ISO 10545-3 and EN ISO 10545-4 standards, respectively.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1- S. Baspinar, İ. Demir, M. Orhan, Utilization potential of silica fume in fired clay bricks, Waste Management & Research, 28, 149–157, (2010)
- 2-A. Sahin Zaimoglu, Engineering properties of sand stabilised with Borogypsum, Proc Inst Civ Eng Geotech Eng, 164, 277-282, (2011)
- 3- H. M. Şimşek, R. Guliyev, A.V. Beşe, Dissolution kinetics of borogypsum in di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate solutions, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43 (44), 20262-20270, 2018
- 4- İ. Y. Elbeyli, S. Pişkin, Kinetic study of the thermal dehydration of Borogypsum, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 116, Issues 1–2, 10 December 2004, Pages 111-117
- 5- K. Kunt, F. Dur, M. Yildirim, E.M. Derun, Effect of chemical admixtures on borogypsum containing cement mortar Main Gr. Chem. (2017),
- 6- R. Boncukcuoǧlu, M.T. Yilmaz, M.M. Kocakerim, V. Tosunoǧlu, Utilization of borogypsum as set retarder in Portland cement production Cem. Concr. Res. (2002),
- 7- M. Özdemir, N.U. Öztürk, Utilization of clay wastes containing boron as cement additives Cem. Concr. Res. (2003),
- 8- U. K. Sevim, M. Ozturk, S. Onturk, M. B. Bankir, Utilization of boron waste borogypsum in mortar, Journal of Building Engineering Volume 22, March 2019, Pages 496-503
- 9- M. Ozturk, U. K. Sevim, O. Akgol, E. Unal, M. Karaaslan, Investigation of the mechanic, electromagnetic characteristics and shielding effectiveness of concrete with boron ores and boron containing wastes, Construction and Building Materials, 252, 119058, 2020
- 10- C.B.E. Abi, Effect of borogypsum on brick properties, Construct Build Mater, 59, 195-203, (2014)
- 11- M. Delfini, M. Ferrini, A. Manni, P. Massacci, L. Piga, Arsenic leaching by Na2S to decontaminate tailings coming from colemanite processing, Miner Eng, 16, 45-50, (2003)
- 12- F. do, C. Holanda, H. Schmidt, V.A. Quarcioni, Influence of phosphorus from phosphogypsum on the initial hydration of Portland cement in the presence of superplasticizers, Cem. Concr. Compos. (2017)
- 13- Y. Abali, S.U. Bayca, S. Targan, Evaluation of blends tincal waste, volcanic tuff, bentonite and fly ash for use as a cement admixture J. Hazard. Mater. (2006)
- 14- D. Över Kaman, L. Köroğlu, E. Ayas, Y. Güney, The effect of heat-treated boron derivative waste at 600 °C on the mechanical and microstructural properties of cement mortar, Constr. Build. Mater. (2017)
- 15- U.K. Sevim, Colemanite ore waste concrete with low shrinkage and high split tensile strength, Mater. Struct. Constr. (2011),
- 16- I.Y. Elbeyli, E.M. Derun, J. Gülen, S. Pişkin, Thermal analysis of borogypsum and its effects on the physical properties of Portland cement, Cement Concr Res, 33,1729-1735, 2003
- 17- U.K. Sevim, Y. Tümen, Strength and fresh properties of borogypsum concrete, Construct Build Mater, 48 (2013), pp. 342-347
- 18- I. Alp, H. Deveci̇, Y.H. Süngün, E.Y. Yazici, M. Savaş, S. Demi̇rci̇, Leachable characteristics of arsenical borogypsum wastes and their potential use in cement, production, Environ Sci Technol, 43 (2009), pp. 6939-6943
- 19- T. Kütük-Sert, S. Kütük, Physical and marshall properties of borogypsum used as filler aggregate in asphalt concrete, J Mater Civ Eng, 25, 266-273, (2013)
- 20- D. Demir, G. Keleş, Radiation transmission of concrete including boron waste for 59.54 and 80.99 keV gamma rays, Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect B, 245 (2006), pp. 501-504
- 21- Y.Y. Çelen, A. Evcin, Synthesis and characterizations of magnetite-borogypsum for radiation shielding, Emerging Materials Research 9(3), 1-7, (2020)
- 22- A.C.A. Muller, K.L. Scrivener, J. Skibsted, A.M. Gajewicz, P.J. McDonald, Influence of silica fume on the microstructure of cement pastes: new insights from H NMR relaxometry Cem. Concr. Res., 74 (2015), pp. 116-125
- 23- M.A. Sanjuán, C. Argiz, J.C. Gálvez, A. Moragues, Effect of silica fume fineness on the improvement of Portland cement strength performance, Constr. Build. Mater., 96 (2015), pp. 55-64
- 24- R. Siddique, Utilization of silica fume in concrete: review of hardened properties, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 55 (2011), pp. 923-932
- 25- M.I. Khan, R. Siddique, Utilization of silica fume in concrete: review of durability properties, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 57 (2011), pp. 30-35
- 26- Tatiana L.Ávalos-Rendón, Elías A. Pastén Chelala, Carlos J.Mendoza Escobedo, Ignacio A. Figueroa, Víctor H.Lara, Luis M.Palacios-Romero, Synthesis of belite cements at low temperature from silica fume and natural commercial zeolite, Materials Science and Engineering: B, Volume 229, March 2018, Pages 79-85
- 27- Ç Öztürk, S Akpınar, M Tığ, Effect of calcined colemanite addition on properties of porcelain tile, Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, 1-11, (2021)
- 28- Ç Öztürk, S Akpınar, M Tarhan, Investigation of the usability of Sille stone as additive in floor tiles, Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society 57 (2), 567-577, (2021)
- 29- Y. Özdemir, S. Akpınar, A. Evcin, Effect of calcined colemanite additions on properties of hard porcelain body, Ceramics International 43 (11), 8364-8371, 30-(2017)
- 30- O. Turkmen, A. Kucuk, S Akpinar, Effect of wollastonite addition on sintering of hard porcelain, Ceramics International 41 (4), 5505-5512, (2015)
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mühendislik |
| Bölüm | Research Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Aralık 2022 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 1 Aralık 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 4 |
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TENMAK Bor Araştırma Enstitüsü