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The Effect of Heat Treatment on Shore D Hardness, Color Parameters, Glossiness, and Whiteness Index Values of Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl) Wood

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 29 - 37, 29.12.2023

Hüseyin Peker Ümit Ayata Osman Çamlıbel

Öz

The applications of heat treatment on wood material are performed using various methods today. It is known that these applications can change the surface properties of wood, such as color and glossiness. In this study, some surface properties (color parameters, glossiness values, and whiteness index (WI*)) and shore D hardness value of wood from the camphor (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl) subjected to heat treatment at 200°C for 3 h were investigated. According to the obtained results, the multivariate analysis of variance results was significant for all tests. The values for ∆L* were -28.69, ∆C* was -16.06, ∆a* was -6.57, ∆H* was 21.61, ∆b* was -12.44, and ∆E* was 31.95. In WI* values, there were decreases in both perpendicular and parallel directions to the fibers (64.15% and 91.44% respectively), glossiness values at 20° in both perpendicular and parallel directions to the fibers, shore D hardness values (15.86%), L* (49.47%), a* (71.49%), b* (64.72%), and C* (65.87%) parameters. Increases in ho parameter and glossiness values at 60° and 85° were observed in both perpendicular and parallel directions to the fibers. It was observed that the surface properties of the wood material changed with heat treatment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cinnamomum camphora Whiteness Index Glossiness Color Heat Treatment

Kaynakça

  • [1] X., Yan-Jun, L., Yi-Xing, and S., Yao-Xing, "Heat-treated wood and its development in Europe", Journal of Forestry Research. 13(3):224-230, 2002.
  • [2] R.M., Rowell, "Chemical Modification of Wood," In: Fakirov S., Bhattacharyya D. (Eds.): Handbook of Engineering Biopolymers: Homopolymers, Blends and Composites, Hanser Gardner Publications, Cincinnati: pp. 673-691, 2007.
  • [3] M., Akhtari, A.H., Hemmasi, S.A., Mirshokraie, and M., Arefkhani, "Infrared studies of weathering in acetylated beech wood," European Conference on Wood Modification. 217-220, 2007.
  • [4] M., Nuopponen, H., Wikberg, T., Vuorinen, S.L., Maunu, S., Jamsa, and P., Viitaniem, "Heat-treated softwood exposed to weathering," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 91(4):2128-2134, 2004. DOI: 10.1002/app.13351.
  • [5] N., Ayadi, F., Lejeune, F., Charrier, B., Charrier, and A., Marlin, "Color stability of heat-treated wood during artificial weathering," Holz als Roh-und Wrekstoff. 61:221-226, 2003. DOI: 10.1007/s00107-003-0389-2.
  • [6] H., Militz, "Thermal treatment of wood: European Processes and their Background," The International Research Group on Wood Preservation; IRG Document No. IRG/WP 02-40241, 2002.
  • [7] S.H., Lee, Z., Ashaari, W.C., Lum, J.A., Halip, A.F., Ang, L.P., Tan, K.L., Chin, and P.Md., Tahir, "Thermal treatment of wood using vegetable oils: A review," Construction and Building Materials. 181:408-419, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.058.
  • [8] J., Martinka, E., Hroncová, T., Chrebet, and K., Balog, "The influence of spruce wood heat treatment on its thermal stability and burning process," European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. 72: 477-486, 2014. DOI: 10.1007/s00107-014-0805-9.
  • [9] D.P., Kamdem, A., Pizzi, and M.C., Triboulot, "Heat-treated timber: potentially toxic byproducts presence and extent of wood cell wall degradation," Holz Roh Werkst. 58:253-257, 2000.
  • [10] M.J., Boonstra, and B., Tjeerdsma, "Chemical analysis of heat treated softwoods," Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff. 64: 204-211, 2006. DOI: 10.1007/s00107-005-0078-4.
  • [11] J.J., Weiland, and R., Guyonnet, "Study of chemical modifications and fungi degradation of thermally modified wood using DRIFT spectroscopy," Holz Roh Werkst. 61:216-220, 2003. DOI: 10.1007/s00107-003-0364-y.
  • [12] L., Reinprecht, and Z., Vidholdová, “Thermowood, Ostrava: Šmíra-print,” 89 p., 2011. ISBN 978-80-87427-05-7.
  • [13] Greaves, R.H., (1910). The physical interpretation of hardness as measured by the shore scleroscope. In Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 181(1910): 478-489. Thomas Telford-ICE Virtual Library. DOI: 10.1680/imotp.1910.17808.
  • [14] Horie, V., (2010). Materials for Conservation, Organic consolidants, adhesives and coatings, Second edition, Elsevier Ltd.
  • [15] ISO 868-1985 (E), Plastics and ebonite-Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore hardness).
  • [16] ISO draft ISO/CD 18898, Rubber-calibration and verification of durometers, IRHD pocketmeters and IRHD testers, June 2001.
  • [17] Mohamed, M.I., and Aggag, G.A., (2003). Uncertainty evaluation of shore hardness testers. Measurement, 33(3), 251-257. DOI: 10.1016/S0263-2241(02)00087-8.
  • [18] Garay, R., Inostroza, M., and Ducaud, A., (2017). Color and gloss evaluation in decorative stain applied to cases of Pinus radiata wood treated with copper azole micronized Type C, Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, 19(1): 21-38. DOI: 10.4067/S0718-221X2017005000003.
  • [19] Jung, H., and Sato, T., (2013). Comparison between the color properties of whiteness index and yellowness index on the CIELAB. Textile Coloration and Finishing, 25(4), 241-246. DOI: 10.5764/TCF.2013.25.4.241.
  • [20] Goldschmidt, A., and Streitberger, H.-J., (2007). Basics of Coating Technology, (second edition), Vincentz, Hannover.
  • [21] Joiner, A., Hopkinson, I., Deng, Y., and Westland, S., (2008). A review of tooth colour and whiteness, Journal of dentistry, 36: 2-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2008.02.001.
  • [22] Gerlach, R.W., Zhou, X., and McClanahan, S.F., (2002). Comparative response of whitening strips to a low peroxide and potassium nitrate bleaching gel, American Journal of Dentistry, 15: 19A-23A.
  • [23] del Mar Pérez, M., Ghinea, R., Rivas, M.J., Yebra, A., Ionescu, A. M., Paravina, R. D., & Herrera, L.J., (2016). Development of a customized whiteness index for dentistry based on CIELAB color space. Dental Materials, 32(3), 461-467.
  • [24] K.M., Babu, A., Sajina, D., Minoo, C.Z., John, P.M., Mini, K.V., Tushar, J., Rema, and P.N., Ravindran, “Micropropagation of camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora),” Plant Cell. Tissue and Organ Culture. 74(2):179-183, 2003. DOI: 10.1023/A:1023988110064.
  • [25] Y., Ma, B., Wang, R., Zhang, Y., Gao, X., Zhang, Y., Li, and Z., Zuo, "Initial simulated acid rain impacts reactive oxygen species metabolism and photosynthetic abilities in Cinnamonum camphora undergoing high temperature," Industrial Crops and Products. 135: 352-361, 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.04.050.
  • [26] Z., Tian, Q., Luo, and Z., Zuo, "Seasonal emission of monoterpenes from four chemotypes of Cinnamomum camphora," Industrial Crops and Products. 163:113327, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113327.
  • [27] R.B., Malabadi, K.P., Kolkar, N.T., Meti, and R.K., Chalannavar, "Camphor tree. Cinnamomum camphora (L.); Ethnobotany and pharmacological updates," Biomedicine. 41: 181-184, 2021. DOI: 10.51248/.v41i2.779.
  • [28] S.H.. Lee, D.S., Kim, S.H., Park, and H., Park, "Phytochemistry and applications of Cinnamomum camphora essential oils," Molecules. 27(9):2695, 2022. DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092695.
  • [29] J.C. Th., Uphof, "Dictionary of Economic Plants," Weinheim, 1959.
  • [30] Grieve, "A Modern Herbal," Penguin, 1984. ISBN: 0-14-046-440-9.
  • [31] R., Genders, "Scented Flora of the World," Robert Hale. London, 1994. ISBN: 0-7090-5440-8.
  • [32] P., Zuccarini, "Camphor: risks and benefits of a widely used natural product," Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management. 13(2):69­74, 2009. DOI: 10.4314/jasem.v13i2.55317.
  • [33] ISO 554, "Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing, International Standardization Organization," Geneva, Switzerland, 1976.
  • [34] ASTM E313-15e1, "Standard practice for calculating yellowness and whiteness indices from instrumentally measured coordinates," USA: ASTM International, 2015.
  • [35] ASTM D 2244-3, "Standard practice for calculation or color tolerances and color, differences from instrumentally measured color coordinates," ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2007.
  • [36] R., Cividini, L., Travan, and O., Allegretti, "White beech: A tricky problem in drying process," In International Scientific Conference on Hardwood processing, Quebec City, Canada, 2007.
  • [37] D.R., Lange, "Fundamentals of Colourimetry - Application" Report No. 10e. DR Lange: New York, NY, USA, 1999.
  • [38] ISO 2813, "Paints and varnishes - determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20 degrees, 60 degrees and 85 degrees," International Organization for Standardization. Geneva. Switzerland, 1994.
  • [39] ASTM D 2240, "Standard test method for rubber property-durometer hardness," American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, United States, 2010.
  • [40] M., Suzuki, "Abrasive wear of wood-based materials for interior finish in wooden house," Bull. Government Forest Exp. Station. 292:1-48, 1976.
  • [41] T., Ohtani, K., Kamasaki, and C., Tanaka, "On abrasive wear property during three-body abrasion of wood," Wear. 255(1-6):60-66, 2003. DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1648(03)00219-9.
  • [42] M., Türk, ve Ü., Ayata, “Türkiye’de yetişen bazı ağaç türlerine ait odunlarda shore D sertlik değerleri üzerine ısıl işlemin etkisi,” Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi. 4(2):166-173, 2021b. DOI: 10.33725/mamad.1005127.
  • [43] W.E., Hillis, “High temperature and chemical effects on wood stability,” Wood Science and Technology, 18(4):281-293, 1984. DOI: 10.1007/BF00353364.
  • [44] G., Ulay, ve Ayata, Ü., “200 derecede ısıl işlem görmüş amaouk (Detarium macrocarpum) odununda bazı yüzey özelliklerinin ve shore D sertlik değerlerinin incelenmesi,” 3. Uluslararası Karadeniz Modern Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kongresi, 23-24 Mart 2023, Samsun, 670-678.
  • [45] Ü., Ayata, “Palo Santo odununda bazı yüzey özellikleri ve shore D sertlik değeri üzerine 200oC’de ısıl işlemin etkisi,” Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi. 6(1):39-46, 2023. DOI: 10.33725/mamad.1280180.
  • [46] Ü., Ayata, ve B.C., Bal, “200oC’de ısıl işlem görmüş kırmızı karaağaç (Ulmus rubra) odununda bazı yüzey özelliklerinin ve shore D sertlik değerinin araştırılması,” 5. Asya Pasifik Uluslararası Modern Bilimler Kongresi, 16-18 Temmuz 2021, Sydney, Avustralya, 258-270, 2021a.
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Tarçın (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl) Ağacına Ait Ahşabında Shore D Sertlik, Renk Parametreleri, Parlaklık ve Beyazlık İndeksi Değerleri Üzerine Isıl İşlemin Etkisi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 29 - 37, 29.12.2023

Hüseyin Peker Ümit Ayata Osman Çamlıbel

Öz

Günümüzde ahşap malzeme için farklı metotlar kullanılarak ısıl işlem uygulamaları yapılmaktadır. Bu uygulamalar ile ahşabın sahip olduğu renk, parlaklık gibi yüzey özelliklerinin değiştiği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, tarçın (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl) ağacına ait odunlarında yapılan 200oC’de 3 saat süre ile ısıl işlem sonrasında meydana gelen bazı yüzey özellikleri [renk parametreleri, parlaklık değerleri ve beyazlık indeksi (WI*)] ve shore D sertlik değeri araştırılmıştır. Elde dilen sonuçlara göre, çok değişkenli varyans analizi sonuçları anlamlı olarak bütün testler üzerinde belirlenmiştir. ∆L* için -28.69, ∆C* için -16.06, ∆a* için -6.57, ∆H* için 21.61, ∆b* için -12.44 ve ∆E* için 31.95 olarak belirlenmiştir. Liflere dik ve paralel yönlerde WI* değerlerinde (sırasıyla %64.15 ve %91.44), 20o’de liflere dik ve paralel yönlerde parlaklık değerlerinde, shore D sertlik değerlerinde (%15.86), L* (%49.47), a* (%71.49), b* (%64.72) ve C* (%65.87) parametrelerinde azalmalar elde edilmiştir. ho parametresinde, 60o ve 85o’lerde liflere dik ve paralel yönlerde parlaklık değerlerinde ise artışlar belirlenmiştir. Isıl işlem ile ahşap malzemenin sahip olduğu yüzey özelliklerinin değiştiği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cinnamomum camphora Beyazlık indeksi Parlaklık Renk Isıl işlem

Kaynakça

  • [1] X., Yan-Jun, L., Yi-Xing, and S., Yao-Xing, "Heat-treated wood and its development in Europe", Journal of Forestry Research. 13(3):224-230, 2002.
  • [2] R.M., Rowell, "Chemical Modification of Wood," In: Fakirov S., Bhattacharyya D. (Eds.): Handbook of Engineering Biopolymers: Homopolymers, Blends and Composites, Hanser Gardner Publications, Cincinnati: pp. 673-691, 2007.
  • [3] M., Akhtari, A.H., Hemmasi, S.A., Mirshokraie, and M., Arefkhani, "Infrared studies of weathering in acetylated beech wood," European Conference on Wood Modification. 217-220, 2007.
  • [4] M., Nuopponen, H., Wikberg, T., Vuorinen, S.L., Maunu, S., Jamsa, and P., Viitaniem, "Heat-treated softwood exposed to weathering," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 91(4):2128-2134, 2004. DOI: 10.1002/app.13351.
  • [5] N., Ayadi, F., Lejeune, F., Charrier, B., Charrier, and A., Marlin, "Color stability of heat-treated wood during artificial weathering," Holz als Roh-und Wrekstoff. 61:221-226, 2003. DOI: 10.1007/s00107-003-0389-2.
  • [6] H., Militz, "Thermal treatment of wood: European Processes and their Background," The International Research Group on Wood Preservation; IRG Document No. IRG/WP 02-40241, 2002.
  • [7] S.H., Lee, Z., Ashaari, W.C., Lum, J.A., Halip, A.F., Ang, L.P., Tan, K.L., Chin, and P.Md., Tahir, "Thermal treatment of wood using vegetable oils: A review," Construction and Building Materials. 181:408-419, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.058.
  • [8] J., Martinka, E., Hroncová, T., Chrebet, and K., Balog, "The influence of spruce wood heat treatment on its thermal stability and burning process," European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. 72: 477-486, 2014. DOI: 10.1007/s00107-014-0805-9.
  • [9] D.P., Kamdem, A., Pizzi, and M.C., Triboulot, "Heat-treated timber: potentially toxic byproducts presence and extent of wood cell wall degradation," Holz Roh Werkst. 58:253-257, 2000.
  • [10] M.J., Boonstra, and B., Tjeerdsma, "Chemical analysis of heat treated softwoods," Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff. 64: 204-211, 2006. DOI: 10.1007/s00107-005-0078-4.
  • [11] J.J., Weiland, and R., Guyonnet, "Study of chemical modifications and fungi degradation of thermally modified wood using DRIFT spectroscopy," Holz Roh Werkst. 61:216-220, 2003. DOI: 10.1007/s00107-003-0364-y.
  • [12] L., Reinprecht, and Z., Vidholdová, “Thermowood, Ostrava: Šmíra-print,” 89 p., 2011. ISBN 978-80-87427-05-7.
  • [13] Greaves, R.H., (1910). The physical interpretation of hardness as measured by the shore scleroscope. In Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 181(1910): 478-489. Thomas Telford-ICE Virtual Library. DOI: 10.1680/imotp.1910.17808.
  • [14] Horie, V., (2010). Materials for Conservation, Organic consolidants, adhesives and coatings, Second edition, Elsevier Ltd.
  • [15] ISO 868-1985 (E), Plastics and ebonite-Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore hardness).
  • [16] ISO draft ISO/CD 18898, Rubber-calibration and verification of durometers, IRHD pocketmeters and IRHD testers, June 2001.
  • [17] Mohamed, M.I., and Aggag, G.A., (2003). Uncertainty evaluation of shore hardness testers. Measurement, 33(3), 251-257. DOI: 10.1016/S0263-2241(02)00087-8.
  • [18] Garay, R., Inostroza, M., and Ducaud, A., (2017). Color and gloss evaluation in decorative stain applied to cases of Pinus radiata wood treated with copper azole micronized Type C, Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, 19(1): 21-38. DOI: 10.4067/S0718-221X2017005000003.
  • [19] Jung, H., and Sato, T., (2013). Comparison between the color properties of whiteness index and yellowness index on the CIELAB. Textile Coloration and Finishing, 25(4), 241-246. DOI: 10.5764/TCF.2013.25.4.241.
  • [20] Goldschmidt, A., and Streitberger, H.-J., (2007). Basics of Coating Technology, (second edition), Vincentz, Hannover.
  • [21] Joiner, A., Hopkinson, I., Deng, Y., and Westland, S., (2008). A review of tooth colour and whiteness, Journal of dentistry, 36: 2-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2008.02.001.
  • [22] Gerlach, R.W., Zhou, X., and McClanahan, S.F., (2002). Comparative response of whitening strips to a low peroxide and potassium nitrate bleaching gel, American Journal of Dentistry, 15: 19A-23A.
  • [23] del Mar Pérez, M., Ghinea, R., Rivas, M.J., Yebra, A., Ionescu, A. M., Paravina, R. D., & Herrera, L.J., (2016). Development of a customized whiteness index for dentistry based on CIELAB color space. Dental Materials, 32(3), 461-467.
  • [24] K.M., Babu, A., Sajina, D., Minoo, C.Z., John, P.M., Mini, K.V., Tushar, J., Rema, and P.N., Ravindran, “Micropropagation of camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora),” Plant Cell. Tissue and Organ Culture. 74(2):179-183, 2003. DOI: 10.1023/A:1023988110064.
  • [25] Y., Ma, B., Wang, R., Zhang, Y., Gao, X., Zhang, Y., Li, and Z., Zuo, "Initial simulated acid rain impacts reactive oxygen species metabolism and photosynthetic abilities in Cinnamonum camphora undergoing high temperature," Industrial Crops and Products. 135: 352-361, 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.04.050.
  • [26] Z., Tian, Q., Luo, and Z., Zuo, "Seasonal emission of monoterpenes from four chemotypes of Cinnamomum camphora," Industrial Crops and Products. 163:113327, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113327.
  • [27] R.B., Malabadi, K.P., Kolkar, N.T., Meti, and R.K., Chalannavar, "Camphor tree. Cinnamomum camphora (L.); Ethnobotany and pharmacological updates," Biomedicine. 41: 181-184, 2021. DOI: 10.51248/.v41i2.779.
  • [28] S.H.. Lee, D.S., Kim, S.H., Park, and H., Park, "Phytochemistry and applications of Cinnamomum camphora essential oils," Molecules. 27(9):2695, 2022. DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092695.
  • [29] J.C. Th., Uphof, "Dictionary of Economic Plants," Weinheim, 1959.
  • [30] Grieve, "A Modern Herbal," Penguin, 1984. ISBN: 0-14-046-440-9.
  • [31] R., Genders, "Scented Flora of the World," Robert Hale. London, 1994. ISBN: 0-7090-5440-8.
  • [32] P., Zuccarini, "Camphor: risks and benefits of a widely used natural product," Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management. 13(2):69­74, 2009. DOI: 10.4314/jasem.v13i2.55317.
  • [33] ISO 554, "Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing, International Standardization Organization," Geneva, Switzerland, 1976.
  • [34] ASTM E313-15e1, "Standard practice for calculating yellowness and whiteness indices from instrumentally measured coordinates," USA: ASTM International, 2015.
  • [35] ASTM D 2244-3, "Standard practice for calculation or color tolerances and color, differences from instrumentally measured color coordinates," ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2007.
  • [36] R., Cividini, L., Travan, and O., Allegretti, "White beech: A tricky problem in drying process," In International Scientific Conference on Hardwood processing, Quebec City, Canada, 2007.
  • [37] D.R., Lange, "Fundamentals of Colourimetry - Application" Report No. 10e. DR Lange: New York, NY, USA, 1999.
  • [38] ISO 2813, "Paints and varnishes - determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20 degrees, 60 degrees and 85 degrees," International Organization for Standardization. Geneva. Switzerland, 1994.
  • [39] ASTM D 2240, "Standard test method for rubber property-durometer hardness," American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, United States, 2010.
  • [40] M., Suzuki, "Abrasive wear of wood-based materials for interior finish in wooden house," Bull. Government Forest Exp. Station. 292:1-48, 1976.
  • [41] T., Ohtani, K., Kamasaki, and C., Tanaka, "On abrasive wear property during three-body abrasion of wood," Wear. 255(1-6):60-66, 2003. DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1648(03)00219-9.
  • [42] M., Türk, ve Ü., Ayata, “Türkiye’de yetişen bazı ağaç türlerine ait odunlarda shore D sertlik değerleri üzerine ısıl işlemin etkisi,” Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi. 4(2):166-173, 2021b. DOI: 10.33725/mamad.1005127.
  • [43] W.E., Hillis, “High temperature and chemical effects on wood stability,” Wood Science and Technology, 18(4):281-293, 1984. DOI: 10.1007/BF00353364.
  • [44] G., Ulay, ve Ayata, Ü., “200 derecede ısıl işlem görmüş amaouk (Detarium macrocarpum) odununda bazı yüzey özelliklerinin ve shore D sertlik değerlerinin incelenmesi,” 3. Uluslararası Karadeniz Modern Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kongresi, 23-24 Mart 2023, Samsun, 670-678.
  • [45] Ü., Ayata, “Palo Santo odununda bazı yüzey özellikleri ve shore D sertlik değeri üzerine 200oC’de ısıl işlemin etkisi,” Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi. 6(1):39-46, 2023. DOI: 10.33725/mamad.1280180.
  • [46] Ü., Ayata, ve B.C., Bal, “200oC’de ısıl işlem görmüş kırmızı karaağaç (Ulmus rubra) odununda bazı yüzey özelliklerinin ve shore D sertlik değerinin araştırılması,” 5. Asya Pasifik Uluslararası Modern Bilimler Kongresi, 16-18 Temmuz 2021, Sydney, Avustralya, 258-270, 2021a.
  • [47] Ü., Ayata, ve B.C., Bal, “Kopie, fukadi ve porsuk ağaç türlerinde renk, parlaklık ve shore D sertlik üzerine ısıl işlemin etkisi,” Hoca Ahmet Yesevi, 5. Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kongresi, 5-6 Kasım 2021, Nahçıvan Devlet Üniversitesi, Azerbaycan, 166-180, 2021b.
  • [48] Ü., Ayata, “Sibirya’da iç ve dış mekânlarda kullanılan Sibirya çamı odununun yüzey pürüzlülüğü parametreleri ve shore D sertlik değeri üzerine ısıl işlemin etkisi,” Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi. 4(1):1-8, 2021. DOI: 10.33725/mamad.911611.
  • [49] B., Esteves, S., Şahin, Ü., Ayata, I., Domingos, J., Ferreira, and L., Gurleyen, "The effect of heat treatment on shore - D hardness of some wood species,” BioResources. 16(1):1482-1495, 2021. DOI: 10.15376/biores.16.1.1482-1495.
  • [50] M., Türk, ve Ü., Ayata, “200oC’de ısıl işlem görmüş mor kalp ağacı odununda shore D sertlik değerinin ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü parametrelerinin incelenmesi,” Eurasian Journal of Forest Science. 9(3):134-142, 2021a. DOI: 10.3195/ejejfs.974039.
  • [51] R., Nemeth, L., Tolvaj, M., Bak, T., Alpar, “Colour stability of oil-heat treated black locust and poplar wood during short-term UV radiation,” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 329: 287-292, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.07.017.
  • [52] P., Bekhta, P., Niemz, “Effect of high temperature on the change in color, dimensional stability and mechanical properties of spruce wood,” Holzforschung, 57(5): 539-546, 2003. DOI: 10.1515/HF.2003.080.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kereste, Hamur ve Kağıt
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Hüseyin Peker 0000-0002-7771-6993

Ümit Ayata 0000-0002-6787-7822

Osman Çamlıbel 0000-0002-8766-1316

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Ekim 2023
Kabul Tarihi 18 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Peker, H., Ayata, Ü., & Çamlıbel, O. (2023). Tarçın (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl) Ağacına Ait Ahşabında Shore D Sertlik, Renk Parametreleri, Parlaklık ve Beyazlık İndeksi Değerleri Üzerine Isıl İşlemin Etkisi. Bozok Journal of Engineering and Architecture, 2(2), 29-37.
AMA Peker H, Ayata Ü, Çamlıbel O. Tarçın (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl) Ağacına Ait Ahşabında Shore D Sertlik, Renk Parametreleri, Parlaklık ve Beyazlık İndeksi Değerleri Üzerine Isıl İşlemin Etkisi. BJEA. Aralık 2023;2(2):29-37.
Chicago Peker, Hüseyin, Ümit Ayata, ve Osman Çamlıbel. “Tarçın (Cinnamomum Camphora (L.) J. Presl) Ağacına Ait Ahşabında Shore D Sertlik, Renk Parametreleri, Parlaklık Ve Beyazlık İndeksi Değerleri Üzerine Isıl İşlemin Etkisi”. Bozok Journal of Engineering and Architecture 2, sy. 2 (Aralık 2023): 29-37.
EndNote Peker H, Ayata Ü, Çamlıbel O (01 Aralık 2023) Tarçın (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl) Ağacına Ait Ahşabında Shore D Sertlik, Renk Parametreleri, Parlaklık ve Beyazlık İndeksi Değerleri Üzerine Isıl İşlemin Etkisi. Bozok Journal of Engineering and Architecture 2 2 29–37.
IEEE H. Peker, Ü. Ayata, ve O. Çamlıbel, “Tarçın (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl) Ağacına Ait Ahşabında Shore D Sertlik, Renk Parametreleri, Parlaklık ve Beyazlık İndeksi Değerleri Üzerine Isıl İşlemin Etkisi”, BJEA, c. 2, sy. 2, ss. 29–37, 2023.
ISNAD Peker, Hüseyin vd. “Tarçın (Cinnamomum Camphora (L.) J. Presl) Ağacına Ait Ahşabında Shore D Sertlik, Renk Parametreleri, Parlaklık Ve Beyazlık İndeksi Değerleri Üzerine Isıl İşlemin Etkisi”. Bozok Journal of Engineering and Architecture 2/2 (Aralık 2023), 29-37.
JAMA Peker H, Ayata Ü, Çamlıbel O. Tarçın (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl) Ağacına Ait Ahşabında Shore D Sertlik, Renk Parametreleri, Parlaklık ve Beyazlık İndeksi Değerleri Üzerine Isıl İşlemin Etkisi. BJEA. 2023;2:29–37.
MLA Peker, Hüseyin vd. “Tarçın (Cinnamomum Camphora (L.) J. Presl) Ağacına Ait Ahşabında Shore D Sertlik, Renk Parametreleri, Parlaklık Ve Beyazlık İndeksi Değerleri Üzerine Isıl İşlemin Etkisi”. Bozok Journal of Engineering and Architecture, c. 2, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 29-37.
Vancouver Peker H, Ayata Ü, Çamlıbel O. Tarçın (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl) Ağacına Ait Ahşabında Shore D Sertlik, Renk Parametreleri, Parlaklık ve Beyazlık İndeksi Değerleri Üzerine Isıl İşlemin Etkisi. BJEA. 2023;2(2):29-37.