Öz
Sirkadiyan ritim, ilaç ve ksenobiyotiklerin emilme, dağılma, metabolizma ve atılma kinetiğinde görev alan
detoksifikasyon enzimlerini, biyokimyasal ve fizyolojik yolaklar üzerinden etkiler. Bu enzimler arasında önemli olan sitokrom
P450 (CYP-450) ailesinden, CYP2 (CYP2A1/4/5, CYP2B1/2/10, CYP2C6/50, CYP2E1), CYP3 (CYP3A4/11), CYP4A3, CYP8B7A,
CYP9, CYP7, CYP17 ve detoksifikasyon proteinlerinin birçoğunun transkripsiyonel aktivasyonunda rol oynayan nükleer
reseptörlerden pregnane-X reseptör (PXR, NR112), konstitutif adrostan reseptörü (constitutive androstane receptor- CAR,
NR113), peroksizome proliferatör-etkinleyici reseptör alfa (peroxisome proliferator-actived receptor alpha- PPAR), retinoik
asit reseptör (retinoic acid receptor- RAR), related orphan reseptörü (related orphan receptor- ROR) ve RER-ERBα’nın
moleküler regülasyonun sirkadiyan ritim tarafından düzenlendiği çeşitli çalışmalarda bildirilmiştir. Biyolojik saati etkileyen ve
hepatik CYP450 monoksijenazları tarafından metabolize edilen melatonin de bu enzimlerin regülasyonunu etkilemektedir.
Bu nedenle, kronoterapi ve kronotoksisite bakımından önem taşıyan, ilaç ve zehirlerin etkinliği ve toksisitesindeki gün
içerisindeki farklılıkların, büyük çoğunlukla karaciğerde bulunan ilaç metabolizmasındaki sirkadiyan değişikliklerden kaynaklandığı
söylenebilir ve özellikle deneysel çalışmalarda da daha doğru sonuçların alınabilmesi için, bu durum mutlaka dikkate
alınmalıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Melatonin Nükleer Reseptörler Sirkadiyan Ritim Sitokrom P450 Toksisite
Kaynakça
- Akhtar RA., Reddy AB., Maywood ES., Clayton JD., King VM., Smith AG., Gant TW., Hastings MH., Kyriacou CP., 2002. Circadian cycling of the mouse liver transcriptome, as revealed by cDNA microarray, is driven by the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Curr. Biol., 12, 540-550.
- Albrecht U., Eichele G., 2003. The mammalian circadian clock. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev., 13, 271-277.
- Balsalobre A., Brown SA., Marcacci L., Tronche F., Kellendonk C., Reicha HM., Schutz G., Schibler U., 2000. Resetting of circadian time in peripheral tissues by glucocorticoid signaling. Science, 289, 2344–2347.
- Baraldo M., Furlanut M., 2006. Chronopharmacokinetics of ciclosporin and tacrolimus. Clin. Pharmacokin., 45, 775-788.
- Berkowitz CM., Shen CS., Bilir BM., Guibert E., Gumucio JJ., 1995. Different hepatocytes express the cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase gene during its circadian modulation in vivo. Hepatology, 21, 16581667.
- Bruckner JV., Ramanathan R., Lee KM., Muralidhara S., 2002. Mechanisms of circadian rhythmicity of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 300, 273-281.
- Bruguerolle B., 1998. Chronopharmacokinetics: current status. Clin. Pharmacokinet., 35, 83-94.
- Froy O., 2009. Cytochrome 450 and the biological clock in mammals. Curr. Drug Metabol., 10, 104-115.
- Hooven LA., Sherman KA., Butcher S., Giebultowicz JM., 2009. Does clock make the poison? Circadian variation in response to pesticides. Plos. One., 4, 18.
- Kanno Y., Otsuka S., Hiromasa T., Nakahama T., Unouye Y., 2004. Diurnal difference in CAR mRNA expression. Nucl. Recept., 2, 6.
- Khemawoot P., Nishino K., Ishizaki J., Yokogawa K., Miyamoto K., 2007. Circadian rhythm of cytochrome P4502E1 and its effect on disposition kinetics of chlorzoxazone in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 574, 71-76.
- Lemmer B., 1996. The clinical relevance of chronopharmacology in therapeutics. Pharmacol. Res., 33, 107-115.
- Lemmer B. 1999. Chronopharmacokinetics: Implications for drug treatment. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 51, 887890.
- Matsunaga N., Nakamura N., Yoneda N., Qin T., Terazono H., To H., Higuchi S., Ohdo S., 2004. Influence of feeding schedule on 24-h rhythm of hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen in mice. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 311, 594-600.
- Nebert DW., Russell DW., 2002. Clinical importance of the cytochromes P450. Lancet, 360, 1155-1162.
- Ohdo S., 2007. Chronopharmacology focused on biological clock. Drug Metab., 22, 3-14.
- Seng JE., Gandy J., Turturro A., Lipman R., Bronson RT., Parkinson A., Johnson W., Hart RW., Leakey JE., 1996. Effects of caloric restriction on expression of testicular cytochrome P450 enzymes associated with the metabolic activation of carcinogens. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 335, 42-52.
- Su T., Ding X., 2004. Regulation of cytochrome p450 2A genes. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 199, 285-294.
- Takiguchi T., Tomita M., Matsunaga N., Nakagawa H., Koyanagi S., Ohdo S., 2007. Molecular basis for rhythmic expression of CYP3A4 in serum-shocked HepG2 cells. Pharmacogenet. Genomics., 17, 10471056.
- Turek FW., Allada R., 2002. Liver has rhythm. Hepatology, 35, 743-745.
- Yamada M., Nagatomo J., Setoguchi Y., Kuroki N., Higashi S., Setoguchi T., 2000. Circadian rhythms of sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase, cholesterol 7alphahydroxylase and DBP involved in rat cholesterol catabolism. Biol. Chem., 38, 1149-1153.
- Yılmaz B., 1999. Hormonlar ve Üreme Fizyolojisi. 1.Baskı., Feryal Matbaacılık, Ankara.
Öz
Kaynakça
- Akhtar RA., Reddy AB., Maywood ES., Clayton JD., King VM., Smith AG., Gant TW., Hastings MH., Kyriacou CP., 2002. Circadian cycling of the mouse liver transcriptome, as revealed by cDNA microarray, is driven by the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Curr. Biol., 12, 540-550.
- Albrecht U., Eichele G., 2003. The mammalian circadian clock. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev., 13, 271-277.
- Balsalobre A., Brown SA., Marcacci L., Tronche F., Kellendonk C., Reicha HM., Schutz G., Schibler U., 2000. Resetting of circadian time in peripheral tissues by glucocorticoid signaling. Science, 289, 2344–2347.
- Baraldo M., Furlanut M., 2006. Chronopharmacokinetics of ciclosporin and tacrolimus. Clin. Pharmacokin., 45, 775-788.
- Berkowitz CM., Shen CS., Bilir BM., Guibert E., Gumucio JJ., 1995. Different hepatocytes express the cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase gene during its circadian modulation in vivo. Hepatology, 21, 16581667.
- Bruckner JV., Ramanathan R., Lee KM., Muralidhara S., 2002. Mechanisms of circadian rhythmicity of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 300, 273-281.
- Bruguerolle B., 1998. Chronopharmacokinetics: current status. Clin. Pharmacokinet., 35, 83-94.
- Froy O., 2009. Cytochrome 450 and the biological clock in mammals. Curr. Drug Metabol., 10, 104-115.
- Hooven LA., Sherman KA., Butcher S., Giebultowicz JM., 2009. Does clock make the poison? Circadian variation in response to pesticides. Plos. One., 4, 18.
- Kanno Y., Otsuka S., Hiromasa T., Nakahama T., Unouye Y., 2004. Diurnal difference in CAR mRNA expression. Nucl. Recept., 2, 6.
- Khemawoot P., Nishino K., Ishizaki J., Yokogawa K., Miyamoto K., 2007. Circadian rhythm of cytochrome P4502E1 and its effect on disposition kinetics of chlorzoxazone in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 574, 71-76.
- Lemmer B., 1996. The clinical relevance of chronopharmacology in therapeutics. Pharmacol. Res., 33, 107-115.
- Lemmer B. 1999. Chronopharmacokinetics: Implications for drug treatment. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 51, 887890.
- Matsunaga N., Nakamura N., Yoneda N., Qin T., Terazono H., To H., Higuchi S., Ohdo S., 2004. Influence of feeding schedule on 24-h rhythm of hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen in mice. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 311, 594-600.
- Nebert DW., Russell DW., 2002. Clinical importance of the cytochromes P450. Lancet, 360, 1155-1162.
- Ohdo S., 2007. Chronopharmacology focused on biological clock. Drug Metab., 22, 3-14.
- Seng JE., Gandy J., Turturro A., Lipman R., Bronson RT., Parkinson A., Johnson W., Hart RW., Leakey JE., 1996. Effects of caloric restriction on expression of testicular cytochrome P450 enzymes associated with the metabolic activation of carcinogens. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 335, 42-52.
- Su T., Ding X., 2004. Regulation of cytochrome p450 2A genes. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 199, 285-294.
- Takiguchi T., Tomita M., Matsunaga N., Nakagawa H., Koyanagi S., Ohdo S., 2007. Molecular basis for rhythmic expression of CYP3A4 in serum-shocked HepG2 cells. Pharmacogenet. Genomics., 17, 10471056.
- Turek FW., Allada R., 2002. Liver has rhythm. Hepatology, 35, 743-745.
- Yamada M., Nagatomo J., Setoguchi Y., Kuroki N., Higashi S., Setoguchi T., 2000. Circadian rhythms of sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase, cholesterol 7alphahydroxylase and DBP involved in rat cholesterol catabolism. Biol. Chem., 38, 1149-1153.
- Yılmaz B., 1999. Hormonlar ve Üreme Fizyolojisi. 1.Baskı., Feryal Matbaacılık, Ankara.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Derlemeler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 4 Ekim 2011 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2011 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2 |
