Current antibiotic sensitivity of Lactococcus garvieae in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms from Southwestern Turkey
Öz
The continuity of antimicrobial resistance development in bacteria changes the type and dose of effective antibiotic treatments and makes routine monitoring studies necessary for successful control of bacterial diseases. This study was aimed to determine the current antibiotic susceptibility of Lactococcus garvieae, which causes significant economic losses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms. In the study, two consecutive visits were made to three farms operating on the banks of a stream during a disease outbreak in the fall of 2018. At each visit, 10 fish showing the signs of disease from each farm (60 fish in total) were sampled and L. garvieae was isolated from 16 fish. All isolates were identified using conventional and molecular methods. Then, they were examined for 5 different antibiotic resistance genes and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. Results of the disc diffusion test revealed that all 16 isolates had a different antibiotic susceptibility profile and the isolates with different antibiotic susceptibility profile could exist within and between farms, using the same water source. Furthermore, they revealed that highly resistant isolates that showed no susceptibility up to 82 to 100% of the 33 antibiotics at the doses evaluated exist in all farms. All isolates carried either tetA or tetB genes or both and the majority of isolates carried tetA gene. Together with this, 25% of the isolates which carried both or one of the resistance genes showed susceptibility to all 4 tetracycline class antibiotics at the doses evaluated. Results of the study and their comparison with previous studies in the same production area or in different regions of the country revealed the dynamic nature of antibiotic resistance development in L. garvieae. Additionally, it showed that monitoring studies with a limited number of isolates may not give an accurate picture of the current status of antibiotic resistance from a production area. These results of the study were also discussed in terms of the treatment strategies that trout farmers should follow when treating lactococcosis.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Antimicrobial resistance genes Antimicrobial susceptibility Pathogenic bacteria Fish farm Fish disease
Destekleyen Kurum
Akdeniz Üniversitesi BAP koordinasyon birimi
Proje Numarası
FBA-2018-3797
Teşekkür
We thank to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Taki Karslı for making the Molecular Genetic Laboratory available to our use.
Kaynakça
- Akçam F Z, Gönen İ, Kaya O & Yaylı G (2004). Hastane İnfeksiyonu Etkeni Enterobakterilerde Beta-laktam Antibiyotiklere Duyarlılık ve ESBL Sıklığının Araştırılması. SDU Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 11(1): 6-9.
- Altun S, Onuk EE, Ciftci A, Büyükekiz AG & Duman M (2013). Phenotypic, genotypic characterisation and antimicrobial susceptibility determination of Lactococcus garvieae strains. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 19(3): 375-381.
- Austin B & Austin DA (1999). Bacterial Fish Pathogens Disease of Farmed and Wild Fish Third (Revised) Edition. Praxis Publishing Chichester, U.K.
- Balta F & Balta ZD (2019). The Isolation of Lactococcus garvieae from Eyes of Diseased Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with Exopthalmia. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences 4(1): 27-33.
- Brody JR & Kern SE (2004). Sodium boric acid: a Tris-free, cooler conductive medium for DNA electrophoresis. Biotech 36(2): 214-216.
- BSGM (2019). Su ürünleri yetiştiricilik tesisleri, 2019. Retrieved in July, 28, 2020 from https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/BSGM/Belgeler/Icerikler/Su%20%C3%9Cr%C3%BCnleri%20Yeti%C5%9Ftiricili%C4%9Fi/Su-Urunleri-Tesisleri-2019.pdf
- Çağırgan H & Tanrıkul TT (1997). A Lactococcus in a trout farm. Mediterranean Fisheries Congress. 9-11 April Izmir, Turkey.
- Carvalho TR (2012). A new species of Pseudopaludicola Miranda Ribeiro (Leiuperinae: Leptodactylidae: Anura) from the 252 Carvalho, T.R. et al.: Intraspecific variation and distribution of Pseudopaludicola giarettai Cerrado of Southeastern Brazil with a distinctive advertisement call pattern. Zootaxa 3328: 47-54.
- Chopra I & Roberts M (2001). Tetracycline Antibiotics: Mode of Action, Applications, Molecular Biology, and Epidemiology of Bacterial Resistance. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 65(2): 232–260.
- CLSI (2019). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 30th ed. CLSI M100. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Retrieved in September, 05, 2019 from https://clsi. org/standards/products/free-resources/access-our-free-resources/
- Diler Ö, Altun S, Adiloğlu AK, Kubilay A & Işıklı BI (2002). First occurence of Streptococcosis affecting farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Turkey. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 22: 21-26.
- Doğancı L (2001). Antibiyotik Direncinin Sıklığı Üzerine Antibiyotik Kullanımının Etkisi. Klinik Dergisi 14(2): 57-61.
- Duman M, Buyukekiz AG, Saticioglu IB, Cengiz M, Sahinturk P & Altun S (2020). Epidemiology, genotypic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of Lactococcus garvieae in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 19(1): 1-18.
- Karayakar F & Ay Ö (2006). Mersin Balıkçı Barınağından Yakalanan Sparus aurata (Linnaeus 1758)'dan İzole Edilen Enterobacteriaceae Grubu Bakterilerin Bazı III. Kuşak Sefalosporinlere Karşı Plasmid Kökenli Dirençliliğin Saptanması. Ekoloji 15 (59): 32-36.
- Kav K & Erganis O (2008). Antibiotic susceptibility of Lactococcus garvieae in rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) Farms. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 52: 223-226.
- Korun J & Kurtoğlu M (2018). Yavru Gökkuşağı Alabalıkları (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W.)'ndan Lactococcus garvieae'nin İzolasyonu ve Plazmit Profilleri Üzerine Bir Çalışma. Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques 3(1): 11-22.
- Kubilay A, Altun S, Uluköy G & Diler Ö (2005). Lactococcus garvieae suşlarının antimikrobiyal duyarlılıklarının belirlenmesi. SDU Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi 1(1): 39-48.
- Kum C, Gökbulut C, Akar F, Kırkan Ş & Sekkin S (2004). Gökkuşağı alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Enterococcus seriolicida izolasyonu ve etkili antibakteriyel sağaltım seçeneğinin belirlenmesi. Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi 75: 47-53.
- Kusuda R & Salati F (1991). Enterococcus seriolicida and Streptococcus iniae. In (eds. Woo PTK, Bruno, D.W.) Fish Diseases and Disorders, Vol: 3, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections. CABI Publishing, pp 303-317.
- Kusuda R, Kawai K, Salati F, Banner CR & Fryer JL (1991). Enterococcus seriolicida sp. nov., a fish pathogen. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary 41(3): 406-409.
- Lundén T, Lilius EM & Bylund G (2020). Respiratory burst activity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) phagocytes is modulated by antimicrobial drugs. Aquaculture 207(3-4): 203-212.
- Ng LK, Martin I, Alfa M & Mulvey M (2001). Multiplex PCR for the detection of tetracycline resistant genes. Molecular and Cellular Probes 15: 209–215.
- Raissy M & Shahrani M (2015). Detection of tetracycline resistance genes in Lactococcus garvieae strains isolated from rainbow trout. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. International Journal of Biological, Biomolecular, Agricultural, Food and Biotechnological Engineering 9(2): 126-129.
- Ravelo C, Magariños B, Romalde JL & Toranzo AE (2001). Conventional versus miniaturized systems for the phenotypic characterization of Lactococcus garvieae strains. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 21(4): 136-144.
- Saticioglu IB, Duman M & Altun S (2018). Antimicrobial resistance and molecular characterization of Pantoea agglomerans isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. Microbial Pathogenesis 119: 131–136.
- Schmidt AS, Bruun MS, Larsen JL & Dalsgaard I (2001). Characterization of class 1 integrons associated with R-plasmids in clinical Aeromonas salmonicida isolates from various geographical areas. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 47: 735–743.
- Ture M & Boran H (2015). Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance of Lactococcus sp. strains isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 59(1): 37-42.
- Türe M & Çimagil R (2018). Bilateral exophthalmos: The most important sign of lactococcosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences 3(2): 91-93.
- Vahaboğlu H (2004). Antibiyotiklerde direnç sorunu. Türkiye Klinikleri Farmakoloji-Özel Konular 2(2): 92-96.
Öz
Proje Numarası
FBA-2018-3797
Kaynakça
- Akçam F Z, Gönen İ, Kaya O & Yaylı G (2004). Hastane İnfeksiyonu Etkeni Enterobakterilerde Beta-laktam Antibiyotiklere Duyarlılık ve ESBL Sıklığının Araştırılması. SDU Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 11(1): 6-9.
- Altun S, Onuk EE, Ciftci A, Büyükekiz AG & Duman M (2013). Phenotypic, genotypic characterisation and antimicrobial susceptibility determination of Lactococcus garvieae strains. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 19(3): 375-381.
- Austin B & Austin DA (1999). Bacterial Fish Pathogens Disease of Farmed and Wild Fish Third (Revised) Edition. Praxis Publishing Chichester, U.K.
- Balta F & Balta ZD (2019). The Isolation of Lactococcus garvieae from Eyes of Diseased Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with Exopthalmia. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences 4(1): 27-33.
- Brody JR & Kern SE (2004). Sodium boric acid: a Tris-free, cooler conductive medium for DNA electrophoresis. Biotech 36(2): 214-216.
- BSGM (2019). Su ürünleri yetiştiricilik tesisleri, 2019. Retrieved in July, 28, 2020 from https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/BSGM/Belgeler/Icerikler/Su%20%C3%9Cr%C3%BCnleri%20Yeti%C5%9Ftiricili%C4%9Fi/Su-Urunleri-Tesisleri-2019.pdf
- Çağırgan H & Tanrıkul TT (1997). A Lactococcus in a trout farm. Mediterranean Fisheries Congress. 9-11 April Izmir, Turkey.
- Carvalho TR (2012). A new species of Pseudopaludicola Miranda Ribeiro (Leiuperinae: Leptodactylidae: Anura) from the 252 Carvalho, T.R. et al.: Intraspecific variation and distribution of Pseudopaludicola giarettai Cerrado of Southeastern Brazil with a distinctive advertisement call pattern. Zootaxa 3328: 47-54.
- Chopra I & Roberts M (2001). Tetracycline Antibiotics: Mode of Action, Applications, Molecular Biology, and Epidemiology of Bacterial Resistance. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 65(2): 232–260.
- CLSI (2019). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 30th ed. CLSI M100. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Retrieved in September, 05, 2019 from https://clsi. org/standards/products/free-resources/access-our-free-resources/
- Diler Ö, Altun S, Adiloğlu AK, Kubilay A & Işıklı BI (2002). First occurence of Streptococcosis affecting farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Turkey. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 22: 21-26.
- Doğancı L (2001). Antibiyotik Direncinin Sıklığı Üzerine Antibiyotik Kullanımının Etkisi. Klinik Dergisi 14(2): 57-61.
- Duman M, Buyukekiz AG, Saticioglu IB, Cengiz M, Sahinturk P & Altun S (2020). Epidemiology, genotypic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of Lactococcus garvieae in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 19(1): 1-18.
- Karayakar F & Ay Ö (2006). Mersin Balıkçı Barınağından Yakalanan Sparus aurata (Linnaeus 1758)'dan İzole Edilen Enterobacteriaceae Grubu Bakterilerin Bazı III. Kuşak Sefalosporinlere Karşı Plasmid Kökenli Dirençliliğin Saptanması. Ekoloji 15 (59): 32-36.
- Kav K & Erganis O (2008). Antibiotic susceptibility of Lactococcus garvieae in rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) Farms. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 52: 223-226.
- Korun J & Kurtoğlu M (2018). Yavru Gökkuşağı Alabalıkları (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W.)'ndan Lactococcus garvieae'nin İzolasyonu ve Plazmit Profilleri Üzerine Bir Çalışma. Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques 3(1): 11-22.
- Kubilay A, Altun S, Uluköy G & Diler Ö (2005). Lactococcus garvieae suşlarının antimikrobiyal duyarlılıklarının belirlenmesi. SDU Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi 1(1): 39-48.
- Kum C, Gökbulut C, Akar F, Kırkan Ş & Sekkin S (2004). Gökkuşağı alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Enterococcus seriolicida izolasyonu ve etkili antibakteriyel sağaltım seçeneğinin belirlenmesi. Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi 75: 47-53.
- Kusuda R & Salati F (1991). Enterococcus seriolicida and Streptococcus iniae. In (eds. Woo PTK, Bruno, D.W.) Fish Diseases and Disorders, Vol: 3, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections. CABI Publishing, pp 303-317.
- Kusuda R, Kawai K, Salati F, Banner CR & Fryer JL (1991). Enterococcus seriolicida sp. nov., a fish pathogen. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary 41(3): 406-409.
- Lundén T, Lilius EM & Bylund G (2020). Respiratory burst activity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) phagocytes is modulated by antimicrobial drugs. Aquaculture 207(3-4): 203-212.
- Ng LK, Martin I, Alfa M & Mulvey M (2001). Multiplex PCR for the detection of tetracycline resistant genes. Molecular and Cellular Probes 15: 209–215.
- Raissy M & Shahrani M (2015). Detection of tetracycline resistance genes in Lactococcus garvieae strains isolated from rainbow trout. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. International Journal of Biological, Biomolecular, Agricultural, Food and Biotechnological Engineering 9(2): 126-129.
- Ravelo C, Magariños B, Romalde JL & Toranzo AE (2001). Conventional versus miniaturized systems for the phenotypic characterization of Lactococcus garvieae strains. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 21(4): 136-144.
- Saticioglu IB, Duman M & Altun S (2018). Antimicrobial resistance and molecular characterization of Pantoea agglomerans isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. Microbial Pathogenesis 119: 131–136.
- Schmidt AS, Bruun MS, Larsen JL & Dalsgaard I (2001). Characterization of class 1 integrons associated with R-plasmids in clinical Aeromonas salmonicida isolates from various geographical areas. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 47: 735–743.
- Ture M & Boran H (2015). Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance of Lactococcus sp. strains isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 59(1): 37-42.
- Türe M & Çimagil R (2018). Bilateral exophthalmos: The most important sign of lactococcosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences 3(2): 91-93.
- Vahaboğlu H (2004). Antibiyotiklerde direnç sorunu. Türkiye Klinikleri Farmakoloji-Özel Konular 2(2): 92-96.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mühendislik |
| Bölüm | Research Article |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | FBA-2018-3797 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Mart 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 3 Eylül 2021 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 11 Kasım 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2 |
Cited By
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