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The Relationship of Anxiety and Depression with Weight Gain in Term Pregnancy

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 85 - 96, 31.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.46237/amusbfd.871768

Öz

Objective: The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between anxiety and depression to weight gain in pregnancy.
Methods: The research was conducted analytical and cross-sectional in Batman Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital between May and October 2016. 360 pregnant women with during 37-42 pregnancy week, at least primary school graduate, singular pregnancy, Turkish speaking and understanding, convenience sampling method were taken. The data were collected by the "Questionnaire" developed by the researchers, "Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)" and "Epidemiological Research Center Depression Scale (CES-D-20)". Height and weight were measured during the interviews.
Results: It was determined that pregnant women started with their pregnancy 45.9% normal and 35.9% overweight and obese Body Mass Indeks (BMI), gained average of 12.5 kg weight during their pregnancy. High level of anxiety in more than half (50.8%) and need for professional assistance in 5.6%; 69.4% of them had depression. It was found that anxiety and depression states of pregnant women did not affect weight gain.
Conclusion: It was observed that approximately half of the pregnant women participating in the study had normal BMI before pregnancy, and although most of them started pregnancy willingly, the rate of training and planning for weight gain during pregnancy was quite low. It was found that the prevalence of anxiety and depression in pregnant women is quite high. It has been determined that anxiety and depression are not associated with weight gain during pregnancy.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Soma-Pillay, P., Nelson-Piercy, C., Tolppanen, H. & Mebazaa, A. (2016). Physiological changes in pregnancy. Cardiovasc J Afr., 27(2), 89-94.
  • 2. Bjelica, A., Cetkovic, N., Trninic-Pjevic, A. & Mladenovic-Segedi, L. (2018). The phenomenon of pregnancy - a psychological view. Ginekol Pol., 89(2), 102-106.
  • 3. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2015). ACOG Practice bulletin No. 156. Obesity in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol., 126(6), 112-26.
  • 4. Li, N., Liu, E., Guo, J., Pan, L., Li, B., Wang, P., et al. (2013, December). Maternal prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcomes. PLoS One, 20, 8(12), e82310.
  • 5. Hill, B., Skouteris, H., McCabe, M., Milgrom, J., Kent, B., Herring, S. J., et al. (2013, February). Conceptual model of psychosocial risk and protective factors for excessive gestational weight gain. Midwifery, 29(2), 110-4.
  • 6. Best, J. L., Siegara Riz, A. M. & Dole, N. (2009, Silver Spring). Psychosocial determinants of adequacy of gestational weight gain. Obesity, 17(2), 300–309.
  • 7. Bulut, B. & Mihmahlı, V. (2014). Obezite ve gebelik. Ok Meydanı Tıp Dergisi, 30(1), 24-28.
  • 8. Çalık Yeşilçiçek, K. & Aktaş, S. (2011). Gebelikte depresyon: sıklık, risk faktörleri ve tedavisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 3(1), 142-62.
  • 9. Mete, A. & Şeker, S. (2015). Gebelikte kilo alımının ailesel ve sosyal özelliklerle ilişkisi, (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Aydın, Türkiye.
  • 10. Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L. & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory (Self-evaluation questionnaire). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • 11. Öner, N. & Le Compte, A. (1983). Durumluk- sürekli kaygı envanteri el kitabı. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • 12. Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401.
  • 13. Tatar, A. & Saltukoğlu, G. (2010). The adaptation of the CES-Depression scale into Turkish through the use of confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory and the examination of psychometric characteristics. Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 20(3), 213-27.
  • 14. Kominiarek, M. A. & Peaceman, A. M. (2017). Gestational weight gain. Am J Obstet Gynecol., 217(6), 642-651.
  • 15. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2013). ACOG Committee opinion no. 548: weight gain during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol., 121(1), 210-2.
  • 16. Institute of Medicine (US) and National Research Council (US) committee to reexamine IOM pregnancy weight guidelines (2009). Rasmussen, K. M., Yaktine, A. L., editors. Weight gain during pregnancy: reexamining the guidelines. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US).
  • 17. Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması-2018 (2019). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, TÜBİTAK, Ankara.
  • 18. Biaggi, A., Conroy, S., Pawlby, S. & Pariante, C. M. (2016). Identifying the women at risk of antenatal anxiety and depression: A systematic review. J Affect Disord., 191:62-77.
  • 19. Kimmel, M. (2020). Maternal mental health MATTERS. N C Med J., 81(1), 45-50.
  • 20. Arslan, B., Arslan, A., Kara, S., Öngel, K. & Mungan, M. T. (2011). Gebelik anksiyete ve depresyonunda risk faktörleri: 425 olguda değerlendirme. Tepecik Eğit Hastanesi Dergisi, 21(2), 79-84.
  • 21. Bostancı Daştan, N., Deniz, N. & Şahin, B. (2015). Karsta gebelerin ev ziyareti ile ruhsal durumlarının. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi-Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 6(2), 71-78.
  • 22. Silva, M. M. J., Nogueira, D. A., Clapis, M. J. & Leite, E. P. R. C. (2017). Anxiety in pregnancy: prevalence and associated factors. Rev Esc Enferm USP., 51, e03253.
  • 23. You, Y., Yan, S. Q., Huang, K., Mao, L. J., Zhou, S. S., Ge, X., et al. (2017). Pregnancy intention and pregnancy-related anxiety in the second and third trimester: a birth cohort study. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi, 38(9), 1179-1182.
  • 24. van de Loo, K. F. E., Vlenterie, R., Nikkels, S. J., Merkus, P. J. F. M., Roukema, J., Verhaak, C. M., et al. (2018). Depression and anxiety during pregnancy: The influence of maternal characteristics. Birth, 45(4), 478-489.
  • 25. Mohammad, K. I., Gamble, J. & Creedy, D. K. (2011). Prevalence and factors associated with the development of antenatal and postnatal depression among Jordanian women. Midwifery, 27(6), 238-45.
  • 26. Faisal-Cury, A., Savoia, M. G. & Menezes, P. R. (2012). Coping style and depressive symptomatology during pregnancy in a private setting sample. Span J Psychol., 15(1), 295-305.
  • 27. Humayun, A., Haider, I. I., Imran, N., Iqbal, H. & Humayun, N. (2013). Antenatal depression and its predictors in Lahore, Pakistan. East Mediterr Health J, Apr, 19(4), 327-32.
  • 28. Rwakarema, M., Premji, S. S., Nyanza, E. C., Riziki, P. & Palacios-Derflingher, L. (2015). Antenatal depression is associated with pregnancy-related anxiety, partner relations, and wealth in women in Northern Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health, 15, 68.
  • 29. Wang, Y., Wang, X., Liu, F., Jiang, X., Xiao, Y., Dong, X., et al. (2016). Negative life events and antenatal depression among pregnant women in rural China: The Role of Negative Automatic Thoughts. PLoS One, 11(12), e0167597.
  • 30. Molyneaux, E., Poston, L., Ashurst-Williams, S. & Howard, L. M. (2014). Obesity and mental disorders during pregnancy and postpartum: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol., 123(4), 857-67.
  • 31. McPhie, S., Skouteris, H., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., Hill, B., Jacka, F., O'Neil, A. (2015). Relationships between mental health symptoms and body mass index in women with and without excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Midwifery, 31(1), 138-46.
  • 32. Webb, J. B., Siega-Riz, A. M. & Dole, N. (2009). Psychosocial determinants of adequacy of gestational weight gain. Obesity (Silver Spring), 17(2), 300–309.
  • 33. Faria-Schützer, D. B., Surita, F. G., Nascimento, S. L., Vieira, C. M. & Turato, E. (2017). Psychological issues facing obese pregnant women: a systematic review. J Maternal Fetal Neonatal Med., 30(1), 88-95.
  • 34. Hartley, E., McPhie, S., Skouteris, H., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M. & Hill, B. (2015, December). Psychosocial risk factors for excessive gestational weight gain: A systematic review. Women Birth, 28(4), 99-109.
  • 35. Kapadia, M. Z., Gaston, A., Van Blyderveen, S., Schmidt, L., Beyene, J., McDonald, H., et al. (2015). Psychological antecedents of excess gestational weight gain: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 15, 107, 2-30.
  • 36. Vehmeijer, F. O. L., Balkaran, S. R., Santos, S., Gaillard, R., Felix, J. F., Hillegers, M. H. J., et al. (2019, December). Psychological distress and weight gain in pregnancy: a population-based study. Int J Behav Med, 18, 30-38.
  • 37. Willcox, J. C., Campbell, K. J., van der Pligt, P., Hoban, E., Pidd, D. & Wilkinson, S. (2012). Excess gestational weight gain: an exploration of midwives' views and practice. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 12, 102, 2-11.
  • 38. Bogaerts, A. F., Devlieger, R., Nuyts, E., Witters, I., Gyselaers, W. & Van den Bergh, B. R. (2013). Effects of lifestyle intervention in obese pregnant women on gestational weight gain and mental health: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Obes (Lond), 37(6), 814-21.
  • 39. Matthews. J., Huberty. J., Leiferman, J. & Buman, M. (2018). Psychosocial predictors of gestational weight gain and the role of mindfulness. Midwifery, 56, 86-93.

Miadındaki Gebelerde Kaygı ve Depresyonun Kilo Alımı İle İlişkisi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 85 - 96, 31.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.46237/amusbfd.871768

Öz

Amaç: Araştırmanın amacı, miadındaki gebelerde kaygı ve depresyonun kilo alımı ile ilişkisini incelemektir.
Yöntem: Araştırma, Mayıs – Ekim 2016 tarihleri arasında Batman Kadın Doğum ve Çocuk Hastalıkları Hastanesi’nde analitik-kesitsel olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmaya gebeliğinin 37-42. haftaları arasında olan, en az ilkokul mezunu, tek fetüse sahip, Türkçe konuşup ve anlayabilen, gelişigüzel örnekleme yöntemi ile 360 gebe alınmıştır. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen “Soru formu”, “Spielberger Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri” ve “Epidemiyolojik Araştırma Merkezi Depresyon Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Görüşmeler sırasında boy ve kilo ölçümü yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Gebelerin %45.8’inin normal, %35.9’unun kilolu ve obez Vücut Kitle İndeksi (VKİ) ile gebeliklerine başladıkları, gebelikleri süresince ortalama 12.5 kg kilo aldıkları belirlendi. Yarısından fazlasında (%50.8) yüksek düzeyde ve %5.6’sında profesyonel yardıma ihtiyaç düzeyinde kaygı; %69.4’ünde depresyon mevcuttu. Gebelerin kaygı ve depresyon durumlarının kilo alımı üzerinde etkili olmadığı saptandı.
Sonuç: Araştırmaya katılan gebelerin yaklaşık yarısının gebelik öncesi normal VKİ’ne sahip olduğu, çoğunun isteyerek gebeliğe başlamış olmasına karşın gebelikte kilo alımına yönelik eğitim alma ve planlama yapma oranlarının oldukça düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Gebelerde kaygı ve depresyon görülme sıklığının oldukça yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Kaygı ve depresyonun kilo alımı ile ilişkili olmadığı belirlenmiştir.  

Kaynakça

  • 1. Soma-Pillay, P., Nelson-Piercy, C., Tolppanen, H. & Mebazaa, A. (2016). Physiological changes in pregnancy. Cardiovasc J Afr., 27(2), 89-94.
  • 2. Bjelica, A., Cetkovic, N., Trninic-Pjevic, A. & Mladenovic-Segedi, L. (2018). The phenomenon of pregnancy - a psychological view. Ginekol Pol., 89(2), 102-106.
  • 3. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2015). ACOG Practice bulletin No. 156. Obesity in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol., 126(6), 112-26.
  • 4. Li, N., Liu, E., Guo, J., Pan, L., Li, B., Wang, P., et al. (2013, December). Maternal prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcomes. PLoS One, 20, 8(12), e82310.
  • 5. Hill, B., Skouteris, H., McCabe, M., Milgrom, J., Kent, B., Herring, S. J., et al. (2013, February). Conceptual model of psychosocial risk and protective factors for excessive gestational weight gain. Midwifery, 29(2), 110-4.
  • 6. Best, J. L., Siegara Riz, A. M. & Dole, N. (2009, Silver Spring). Psychosocial determinants of adequacy of gestational weight gain. Obesity, 17(2), 300–309.
  • 7. Bulut, B. & Mihmahlı, V. (2014). Obezite ve gebelik. Ok Meydanı Tıp Dergisi, 30(1), 24-28.
  • 8. Çalık Yeşilçiçek, K. & Aktaş, S. (2011). Gebelikte depresyon: sıklık, risk faktörleri ve tedavisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 3(1), 142-62.
  • 9. Mete, A. & Şeker, S. (2015). Gebelikte kilo alımının ailesel ve sosyal özelliklerle ilişkisi, (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Aydın, Türkiye.
  • 10. Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L. & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory (Self-evaluation questionnaire). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • 11. Öner, N. & Le Compte, A. (1983). Durumluk- sürekli kaygı envanteri el kitabı. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • 12. Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401.
  • 13. Tatar, A. & Saltukoğlu, G. (2010). The adaptation of the CES-Depression scale into Turkish through the use of confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory and the examination of psychometric characteristics. Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 20(3), 213-27.
  • 14. Kominiarek, M. A. & Peaceman, A. M. (2017). Gestational weight gain. Am J Obstet Gynecol., 217(6), 642-651.
  • 15. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2013). ACOG Committee opinion no. 548: weight gain during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol., 121(1), 210-2.
  • 16. Institute of Medicine (US) and National Research Council (US) committee to reexamine IOM pregnancy weight guidelines (2009). Rasmussen, K. M., Yaktine, A. L., editors. Weight gain during pregnancy: reexamining the guidelines. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US).
  • 17. Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması-2018 (2019). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, TÜBİTAK, Ankara.
  • 18. Biaggi, A., Conroy, S., Pawlby, S. & Pariante, C. M. (2016). Identifying the women at risk of antenatal anxiety and depression: A systematic review. J Affect Disord., 191:62-77.
  • 19. Kimmel, M. (2020). Maternal mental health MATTERS. N C Med J., 81(1), 45-50.
  • 20. Arslan, B., Arslan, A., Kara, S., Öngel, K. & Mungan, M. T. (2011). Gebelik anksiyete ve depresyonunda risk faktörleri: 425 olguda değerlendirme. Tepecik Eğit Hastanesi Dergisi, 21(2), 79-84.
  • 21. Bostancı Daştan, N., Deniz, N. & Şahin, B. (2015). Karsta gebelerin ev ziyareti ile ruhsal durumlarının. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi-Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 6(2), 71-78.
  • 22. Silva, M. M. J., Nogueira, D. A., Clapis, M. J. & Leite, E. P. R. C. (2017). Anxiety in pregnancy: prevalence and associated factors. Rev Esc Enferm USP., 51, e03253.
  • 23. You, Y., Yan, S. Q., Huang, K., Mao, L. J., Zhou, S. S., Ge, X., et al. (2017). Pregnancy intention and pregnancy-related anxiety in the second and third trimester: a birth cohort study. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi, 38(9), 1179-1182.
  • 24. van de Loo, K. F. E., Vlenterie, R., Nikkels, S. J., Merkus, P. J. F. M., Roukema, J., Verhaak, C. M., et al. (2018). Depression and anxiety during pregnancy: The influence of maternal characteristics. Birth, 45(4), 478-489.
  • 25. Mohammad, K. I., Gamble, J. & Creedy, D. K. (2011). Prevalence and factors associated with the development of antenatal and postnatal depression among Jordanian women. Midwifery, 27(6), 238-45.
  • 26. Faisal-Cury, A., Savoia, M. G. & Menezes, P. R. (2012). Coping style and depressive symptomatology during pregnancy in a private setting sample. Span J Psychol., 15(1), 295-305.
  • 27. Humayun, A., Haider, I. I., Imran, N., Iqbal, H. & Humayun, N. (2013). Antenatal depression and its predictors in Lahore, Pakistan. East Mediterr Health J, Apr, 19(4), 327-32.
  • 28. Rwakarema, M., Premji, S. S., Nyanza, E. C., Riziki, P. & Palacios-Derflingher, L. (2015). Antenatal depression is associated with pregnancy-related anxiety, partner relations, and wealth in women in Northern Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health, 15, 68.
  • 29. Wang, Y., Wang, X., Liu, F., Jiang, X., Xiao, Y., Dong, X., et al. (2016). Negative life events and antenatal depression among pregnant women in rural China: The Role of Negative Automatic Thoughts. PLoS One, 11(12), e0167597.
  • 30. Molyneaux, E., Poston, L., Ashurst-Williams, S. & Howard, L. M. (2014). Obesity and mental disorders during pregnancy and postpartum: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol., 123(4), 857-67.
  • 31. McPhie, S., Skouteris, H., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., Hill, B., Jacka, F., O'Neil, A. (2015). Relationships between mental health symptoms and body mass index in women with and without excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Midwifery, 31(1), 138-46.
  • 32. Webb, J. B., Siega-Riz, A. M. & Dole, N. (2009). Psychosocial determinants of adequacy of gestational weight gain. Obesity (Silver Spring), 17(2), 300–309.
  • 33. Faria-Schützer, D. B., Surita, F. G., Nascimento, S. L., Vieira, C. M. & Turato, E. (2017). Psychological issues facing obese pregnant women: a systematic review. J Maternal Fetal Neonatal Med., 30(1), 88-95.
  • 34. Hartley, E., McPhie, S., Skouteris, H., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M. & Hill, B. (2015, December). Psychosocial risk factors for excessive gestational weight gain: A systematic review. Women Birth, 28(4), 99-109.
  • 35. Kapadia, M. Z., Gaston, A., Van Blyderveen, S., Schmidt, L., Beyene, J., McDonald, H., et al. (2015). Psychological antecedents of excess gestational weight gain: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 15, 107, 2-30.
  • 36. Vehmeijer, F. O. L., Balkaran, S. R., Santos, S., Gaillard, R., Felix, J. F., Hillegers, M. H. J., et al. (2019, December). Psychological distress and weight gain in pregnancy: a population-based study. Int J Behav Med, 18, 30-38.
  • 37. Willcox, J. C., Campbell, K. J., van der Pligt, P., Hoban, E., Pidd, D. & Wilkinson, S. (2012). Excess gestational weight gain: an exploration of midwives' views and practice. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 12, 102, 2-11.
  • 38. Bogaerts, A. F., Devlieger, R., Nuyts, E., Witters, I., Gyselaers, W. & Van den Bergh, B. R. (2013). Effects of lifestyle intervention in obese pregnant women on gestational weight gain and mental health: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Obes (Lond), 37(6), 814-21.
  • 39. Matthews. J., Huberty. J., Leiferman, J. & Buman, M. (2018). Psychosocial predictors of gestational weight gain and the role of mindfulness. Midwifery, 56, 86-93.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Nevin Akbaş Bu kişi benim

Sibel Şeker 0000-0001-8730-1786

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Akbaş, N., & Şeker, S. (2022). Miadındaki Gebelerde Kaygı ve Depresyonun Kilo Alımı İle İlişkisi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 85-96. https://doi.org/10.46237/amusbfd.871768