Research Article
Effects of different nitrogen doses and cultivars on some nutritive value of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum var. westerwoldicum) silage
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different nitrogen doses and cultivars on some nutritive value of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum var. westerwoldicum) silage.
Material and Methods: The study was conducted as a field experiment at Ege University, Department of Field Crops during the growing season of 2019-2020. Four annual ryegrass cultivars (Elif, Big Boss, Baquend, and Medoacus) and five nitrogen doses (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg ha-1) were investigated. Some characteristics tested in the experiment were silage dry matter, crude ash, crude protein contents, NDF and ADF contents and silage RFV.
Results: The characteristics studied were affected by the applications. While the highest silage dry matter ratio was obtained with 225 kg N ha-1, 300 kg N ha-1 application gave the highest crude protein rate and RFV. The lowest NDF and ADF rates were obtained at a fertilizer rate of 300 kg N ha-1 application. Baquend cv. gave the highest silage dry matter ratio and crude ash ratio.The highest crude protein ratio, lowest NDF and ADF ratios and highest silage RFV were obtained from Elif cv.
Conclusion: Elif cultivar had acceptable silage properties at a nitrogen dose of 225 kg ha-1.
Supporting Institution
EGE UNIVERSITY PROJECT COORDINATION UNIT
Project Number
FDK-2020-21529
Thanks
The authors would like to thank the Coordination of Scientific Research Projects of Ege University for its financial support.
References
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- Amrane, R. & B. Michalet-Doreau, 1993. Effect of maturity stage of annual ryegrass and lucerne on ruminal nitrogen degradability. Annales de Zootechnie, 42 (1): 31-37. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00888860
- Aykan, Y. & V. Saruhan, 2018. Farklı oranlarda silolanan yem bezelyesi (Pisum sativum L.) ve arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) karışımlarının silaj kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 11 (2): 64-70.
- Ball, D.M., C.S. Hovelend & G.D. Lacefield, 1996. Forage quality in Southern Forages. Potash & Phosphate Institute, Norcross, Georgia, 124-132.
- Baytekin, H., M. Kızılsimsek & G Demiroglu, 2009. “Çim ve Ayrık Türleri, 561-572”. In: Yem Bitkileri Buğdaygil ve Diiğer Familyalardan Yem Bitkileri Cilt III (Eds. R. Avcıoğlu, R. Hatipoğlu & Y. Karadağ), Tarım ve Köy İşleri Bakanlığı, Izmir, 843 s.
- Bengisu, G., 2019. A Study on the silage properties of hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grass mixtures in different rates. Legume Research, 42 (5): 680-683. https://doi.org/10.18805/LR-494
- Bernard, J. K., 2003. “Feeding ryegrass silage in the South East US, 45-51”. Proceedings of the 40th annual Florida Dairy Production Conference (29-30 April, 2003, Gainesville), 149 pp.
- Bernard, J. K., J. W. West & D. S. Trammell, 2002. Effect of replacing corn silage with annual ryegrass silage on nutrient digestibility, intake, and milk yield for lactating dairy cows. Journal of dairy science, 85 (9): 2277-2282. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302 (02)74307-5
- Bolat, İ. & Ö. Kara, 2017. Bitki Besin Elementleri: Kaynakları, İşlevleri, Eksik ve Fazlalıkları. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 19 (1): 218-228.
- Bulgurlu, Ş. & M. Ergül, 1978. Yemlerin Fiziksel, Kimyasal ve Biyolojik Analiz Metodları. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No:127, İzmir, 76 s.
- Cinar, S., M. Ozkurt & R. Cetin, 2020. Effects of nitrogen fertilization rates on forage yield and quality of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) in central black sea climatic zone in Türkiye. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 18 (1): 417-432. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1801417432
- Colak, E. & C. Sancak, 2017. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer doses on grass quality of grass (Lolium italicum L.) varieties. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, 30 (3): 245-251. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.359996
- De Mendiburu, F., 2020. Agricolae: Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. R package version 1.3-3. (Web page: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=agricolae) (Date accessed: March 2021).
- Demirel, R., V. Saruhan, M.S. Başaran, N. Andiç & D. Demirel, 2010. Farklı oranlarda ak üçgül (Trifolium repens) ve arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) karışımlarının silolanma özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 20 (1): 26-31.
- Demiroglu Topcu, G., A.E. Celen & S.S. Ozkan, 2021. The effects of different harvest times on yield and some quality components of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) varieties. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 30 (2A): 1810-1816.
- Fonseca, A. J. M., A. R. J. Cabrita, C. S. S. Nogueira, D. S. P. Melo, Z. M. C. Lopes & J. M. F. Abreu, 2005. Lactation responses of dairy cows to whole-crop wheat or ryegrass silages. Animal feed science and technology, 118 (1-2): 153-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.10.006
- Goering, H. K. & P. J. Van Soest, 1970. Forage Fibre Analyses (apparatus, reagents, procedures, and some applications). Agriculture Handbook No. 379, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, 20 pp.
- Johnson, H.E., R.J. Merry, D.R. Davies, D.B. Kell, M.K. Theodorou & G.W. Griffith, 2005. Vacuum packing: a model system for laboratory-scale silage fermentations. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 98 (1): 106-113. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02444.x
- Kacar, B., 1972. Bitki ve Toprağın Kimyasal Analizleri: II. Bitki Analizleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayın No: 453, Ankara, 464 s.
- Kavut T., H. Geren, H. Soya, R. Avcıoğlu & B. Kır, 2014. Karışım oranı ve hasat zamanlarının bazı yıllık baklagil yembitkileri ile tek yıllık çim karışımlarının kışlık ara ürün performansına etkileri. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 51 (3): 279-288. https://doi.org/10.20289/euzfd.08912
- Kusvuran, A., M. Kaplan & R. İ. Nazlı, 2014. Effects of ratio and row spacing in hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) intercropping system on yield and quality under semi-arid climate conditions. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 19 (1): 118-128. https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.97892
- Linn, J. G. & N. P. Martin, 1989. Forage Quality Tests and Interpretation. Minnesota Extension Service, University of Minnesota, USA, 6 pp.
- Ohshima, M., T. Nagatomo, H. Kubota, H. Tano, T. Okajima, & R. Kayama, 1988. Comparison of nutritive values between hays and silages prepared from annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and its pres cake using goats. Japanese Journal of Grassland Science, 33 (4): 396-401. https://doi.org/10.14941/grass.33.396
- Özdemir, S., E. B. Çarpici & B. B. Aşik, 2019. Farklı azot dozlarının tek yıllık çimnin (Lolium multiflorum westerwoldicum Caramba) ot verimi ve kalitesi üzerine etkileri. Tarim ve Doga Dergisi, 22 (1): 131-137. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.437556
- Pavinato, P. S., R. Restelatto, L. R. Sartor & W. Paris, 2014. Production and nutritive value of ryegrass (cv. Barjumbo) under nitrogen fertilization. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 45 (2): 230-237. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-66902014000200002
- Pimentel, D., A. Marklein, M.A. Toth, M. Karpoff, G.S. Paul, R. McCormack, J. Kyriazis & T. Krueger, 2008. Biofuel impacts on world food supply: use of fossil fuel, land and water resources. Energies, 1 (2): 41-78. https://doi.org/10.3390/en1010041
- Renlong, L.V., M. El-Sabagh, T. Obitsu, T. Sugino, Y. Kurokawa & K. Kawamura, 2017. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and harvesting stage on photosynthetic pigments and phytol contents of annual ryegrass silage. Animal Science Journal, 88 (10): 1513-1522. https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.12810
- Soya, H., R. Avcıoğlu & H. Geren, 1997. Yem Bitkileri. Hasad Yayıncılık Ltd. Şti, İstanbul, 223 s.
- Steel, R.G.D. & J.H. Torrie, 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, USA 633 pp.
- Trotter, D.J. & K.D. Johnson, 1992. Forage-Testing: Why, How, and Where. Purdue University. Cooperative Extension Service Paper, 337 pp.
- TUIK, 2019. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Ankara. (Web sayfası: https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/bitkiselapp/bitkisel.zul) (Erişim tarihi: Ocak 2021).
- Van Soest, P.J., 1985. “Composition, Fiber Quality, and Nutritive Value of Forages, 412-421”. In: Forages: The Science of Grassland Agriculture (Eds. M.E. Heath, R.F. Barnes & D.S. Metcalfe), Iowa State University Press, Iowa, 643 pp.
Farklı azot dozları ve çeşitlerin tek yıllık çim (Lolium multiflorum var. westerwoldicum) silajının bazı besin değerleri üzerine etkileri
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışma, farklı azot dozları ve çeşitlerinin tek yıllık çim (Lolium multiflorum var. westerwoldicum) silajının bazı besin değerleri üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Deneme, 2019-2020 yetiştirme sezonunda Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü'nde tarla denemesi olarak yürütülmüştür. Dört tek yıllık çim çeşidi (Elif, Big Boss, Baquend ve Medoacus) ve beş azot dozu (0, 75, 150, 225 ve 300 kg ha-1) incelenmiştir. Çalışmada silaj kuru maddesi, ham kül, ham protein içeriği, NDF ve ADF içeriği ve Nispi Yem Değeri giibi bazı özellikler incelenmiştir.
Araştırma Bulguları: İncelenen özellikler uygulamalardan etkilenmiştir. En yüksek silaj kuru madde oranı 225 kg N ha-1 ile elde edilirken, en yüksek ham protein oranı ve Nispi Yem Değerini 300 kg N ha-1 uygulaması vermiştir. En düşük NDF ve ADF oranları 300 kg N ha-1 uygulamasından alınmıştır. Baquend çeşidi en yüksek silaj kuru madde oranı ve ham kül oranını vermiştir. En yüksek ham protein oranı, en düşük NDF ve ADF oranları ve en yüksek silaj Nispi Yem Değeri Elif çeşidinden elde edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Elif çeşidi 225 kg ha-1 azot dozunda kabul edilebilir silaj özelliklerine sahip olmuştur.
Keywords
Project Number
FDK-2020-21529
References
- Acikgoz, E., 1995. Yem Bitkileri (II. Baskı), Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Basımevi No:7-025-0210, Bursa, 456 s.
- Aganga, A. A., U. J. Omphile, T. Thema & L. Z. Wilson, 2004. Chemical composition of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) at different stages of growth and ryegrass silages with additives. Journal of Biological Sciences, 4 (5): 645-649. https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2004.645.649
- Amrane, R. & B. Michalet-Doreau, 1993. Effect of maturity stage of annual ryegrass and lucerne on ruminal nitrogen degradability. Annales de Zootechnie, 42 (1): 31-37. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00888860
- Aykan, Y. & V. Saruhan, 2018. Farklı oranlarda silolanan yem bezelyesi (Pisum sativum L.) ve arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) karışımlarının silaj kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 11 (2): 64-70.
- Ball, D.M., C.S. Hovelend & G.D. Lacefield, 1996. Forage quality in Southern Forages. Potash & Phosphate Institute, Norcross, Georgia, 124-132.
- Baytekin, H., M. Kızılsimsek & G Demiroglu, 2009. “Çim ve Ayrık Türleri, 561-572”. In: Yem Bitkileri Buğdaygil ve Diiğer Familyalardan Yem Bitkileri Cilt III (Eds. R. Avcıoğlu, R. Hatipoğlu & Y. Karadağ), Tarım ve Köy İşleri Bakanlığı, Izmir, 843 s.
- Bengisu, G., 2019. A Study on the silage properties of hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grass mixtures in different rates. Legume Research, 42 (5): 680-683. https://doi.org/10.18805/LR-494
- Bernard, J. K., 2003. “Feeding ryegrass silage in the South East US, 45-51”. Proceedings of the 40th annual Florida Dairy Production Conference (29-30 April, 2003, Gainesville), 149 pp.
- Bernard, J. K., J. W. West & D. S. Trammell, 2002. Effect of replacing corn silage with annual ryegrass silage on nutrient digestibility, intake, and milk yield for lactating dairy cows. Journal of dairy science, 85 (9): 2277-2282. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302 (02)74307-5
- Bolat, İ. & Ö. Kara, 2017. Bitki Besin Elementleri: Kaynakları, İşlevleri, Eksik ve Fazlalıkları. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 19 (1): 218-228.
- Bulgurlu, Ş. & M. Ergül, 1978. Yemlerin Fiziksel, Kimyasal ve Biyolojik Analiz Metodları. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No:127, İzmir, 76 s.
- Cinar, S., M. Ozkurt & R. Cetin, 2020. Effects of nitrogen fertilization rates on forage yield and quality of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) in central black sea climatic zone in Türkiye. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 18 (1): 417-432. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1801417432
- Colak, E. & C. Sancak, 2017. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer doses on grass quality of grass (Lolium italicum L.) varieties. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, 30 (3): 245-251. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.359996
- De Mendiburu, F., 2020. Agricolae: Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. R package version 1.3-3. (Web page: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=agricolae) (Date accessed: March 2021).
- Demirel, R., V. Saruhan, M.S. Başaran, N. Andiç & D. Demirel, 2010. Farklı oranlarda ak üçgül (Trifolium repens) ve arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) karışımlarının silolanma özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 20 (1): 26-31.
- Demiroglu Topcu, G., A.E. Celen & S.S. Ozkan, 2021. The effects of different harvest times on yield and some quality components of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) varieties. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 30 (2A): 1810-1816.
- Fonseca, A. J. M., A. R. J. Cabrita, C. S. S. Nogueira, D. S. P. Melo, Z. M. C. Lopes & J. M. F. Abreu, 2005. Lactation responses of dairy cows to whole-crop wheat or ryegrass silages. Animal feed science and technology, 118 (1-2): 153-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.10.006
- Goering, H. K. & P. J. Van Soest, 1970. Forage Fibre Analyses (apparatus, reagents, procedures, and some applications). Agriculture Handbook No. 379, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, 20 pp.
- Johnson, H.E., R.J. Merry, D.R. Davies, D.B. Kell, M.K. Theodorou & G.W. Griffith, 2005. Vacuum packing: a model system for laboratory-scale silage fermentations. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 98 (1): 106-113. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02444.x
- Kacar, B., 1972. Bitki ve Toprağın Kimyasal Analizleri: II. Bitki Analizleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayın No: 453, Ankara, 464 s.
- Kavut T., H. Geren, H. Soya, R. Avcıoğlu & B. Kır, 2014. Karışım oranı ve hasat zamanlarının bazı yıllık baklagil yembitkileri ile tek yıllık çim karışımlarının kışlık ara ürün performansına etkileri. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 51 (3): 279-288. https://doi.org/10.20289/euzfd.08912
- Kusvuran, A., M. Kaplan & R. İ. Nazlı, 2014. Effects of ratio and row spacing in hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) intercropping system on yield and quality under semi-arid climate conditions. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 19 (1): 118-128. https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.97892
- Linn, J. G. & N. P. Martin, 1989. Forage Quality Tests and Interpretation. Minnesota Extension Service, University of Minnesota, USA, 6 pp.
- Ohshima, M., T. Nagatomo, H. Kubota, H. Tano, T. Okajima, & R. Kayama, 1988. Comparison of nutritive values between hays and silages prepared from annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and its pres cake using goats. Japanese Journal of Grassland Science, 33 (4): 396-401. https://doi.org/10.14941/grass.33.396
- Özdemir, S., E. B. Çarpici & B. B. Aşik, 2019. Farklı azot dozlarının tek yıllık çimnin (Lolium multiflorum westerwoldicum Caramba) ot verimi ve kalitesi üzerine etkileri. Tarim ve Doga Dergisi, 22 (1): 131-137. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.437556
- Pavinato, P. S., R. Restelatto, L. R. Sartor & W. Paris, 2014. Production and nutritive value of ryegrass (cv. Barjumbo) under nitrogen fertilization. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 45 (2): 230-237. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-66902014000200002
- Pimentel, D., A. Marklein, M.A. Toth, M. Karpoff, G.S. Paul, R. McCormack, J. Kyriazis & T. Krueger, 2008. Biofuel impacts on world food supply: use of fossil fuel, land and water resources. Energies, 1 (2): 41-78. https://doi.org/10.3390/en1010041
- Renlong, L.V., M. El-Sabagh, T. Obitsu, T. Sugino, Y. Kurokawa & K. Kawamura, 2017. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and harvesting stage on photosynthetic pigments and phytol contents of annual ryegrass silage. Animal Science Journal, 88 (10): 1513-1522. https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.12810
- Soya, H., R. Avcıoğlu & H. Geren, 1997. Yem Bitkileri. Hasad Yayıncılık Ltd. Şti, İstanbul, 223 s.
- Steel, R.G.D. & J.H. Torrie, 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, USA 633 pp.
- Trotter, D.J. & K.D. Johnson, 1992. Forage-Testing: Why, How, and Where. Purdue University. Cooperative Extension Service Paper, 337 pp.
- TUIK, 2019. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Ankara. (Web sayfası: https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/bitkiselapp/bitkisel.zul) (Erişim tarihi: Ocak 2021).
- Van Soest, P.J., 1985. “Composition, Fiber Quality, and Nutritive Value of Forages, 412-421”. In: Forages: The Science of Grassland Agriculture (Eds. M.E. Heath, R.F. Barnes & D.S. Metcalfe), Iowa State University Press, Iowa, 643 pp.
There are 33 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | FDK-2020-21529 |
| Early Pub Date | July 4, 2022 |
| Publication Date | July 4, 2022 |
| Submission Date | July 12, 2021 |
| Acceptance Date | December 4, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 59 Issue: 2 |
