Research Article
Year 2023,
Volume: 94 Issue: 2, 110 - 118, 15.06.2023
Abstract
Horses, used for various purposes for centuries, are today commonly used for sporting purposes. It is critical to identify the horses that are used in this way by using the coat color and markings on the horse. The animal material for this research consisted of 101 Arabs and 206 Thoroughbreds. The most common coat color was BAY (56.6%). The least common coat colors were BLACK (0.3%) and DUN (0.3%). The presence of head marks on horses rated 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, and the rate of presence of the head mark were 17.2%, 29.2%, 7.5%, 6.8%, 26.0%, and 13.3%, respectively. When examining leg markings, the most common mark was the half-stocking (16.9%) on the left back leg, while the stocking (1.3%) was the least frequent mark on the front right leg. According to the findings of the study, which was conducted to analyze the condition of Arab and Thoroughbred horses, bay was the most common coat color seen in horses in general. Consequently, this situation is due to the preferences of breeders and horse owners.
Supporting Institution
Yok
Project Number
Yok
Thanks
The authors are appreciative of the attention that horse owners have given to our research.
References
- 1. Akçapınar H, Özbeyaz C. Animal Husbandry (Basic Knowledge). Medisan, Ankara; 2021.
- 2. Bailey E, Brooks SA. Horse genetics. 3rd ed. Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK ; Boston:CABI; 2020.
- 3. Gücüyener-Hacan O, Akçapınar H. Some Phenotypic and Genetic Parameters of Purebred Turkish Arabian Horses Raised in Different Stud Farms I. Body Measurements and Heritabilities. Lalahan Hay Araşt Enst Derg 2011; 51 (2): 55-70.
- 4. Klecel W, Martyniuk E. From the Eurasian Steppes to the Roman Circuses: A Review of Early Development of Horse Breeding and Management. Animals 2021;11, 1859.
- 5. Librado P, Orlando L. Genomics and the Evolutionary History of Equids. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2021; 9:81–101.
- 6. Neves AP, Schwengber EB, Albrecht FF, Isola JV, Van der Linden LS. Beyond Fifty Shades: The Genetics of Horse Colors. 75-100 In: Abubakar M, ed. Trends and Advances in Veterinary genetics. IntechOpen. London, UK;2017.
- 7. Grilz-Seger G, Mesarič M, Brem G, Cotman M. Characterisation of coat colour in the Slovenian Posavje horse. Slov Vet Res 2021; 58 (2): 77 – 84.
- 8. Henner J, Poncet PA, Guerin G, Hagger C, Stranzinger G, Rieder S. Genetic mapping of the (G)-locus, responsible or the coat color phenotype "progressive greying with age" in horses (Equus caballus). Mamm Genome 2002; 13:535-537.
- 9. Özbeyaz C. At Hekimliği. Güneş Tıp Kitapevleri, Ankara 2019. Bölüm 2, At yetiştiriciliği. p.19-52.
- 10. Outram AK, Stear NA, Bendrey R, Olsen S, Kasparov A, Zaibert V et al. The earliest horse harnessing and milking. Science 2009; 323(5919):1332–35.
- 11. Parker R. Equine Science. Fifth Ed. Delmar Cengage Learning; 2018.
- 12. Gurgul A, Jasielczuk I, Semik-Gurgul E, Pawlina-Tyszko K, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Szmatoła T et al. A genome-wide scan for diversifying selection signatures in selected horse breeds. PLoS ONE 2019; 14(1): e0210751.
- 13. Liu X, MA Y, Jiang L. Genomic regions under selection for important traits in domestic horse breeds. Front Agr Sci Eng 2017; 4(3): 289–294.
- 14. Özbeyaz C, Yüceer Özkul B. Some inherited disorders in pacing horses in Turkey. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg 2022; 69, 43-49.
- 15. Nguyen TB, Paul RC, Okuda Y, Le TNA, Pham PTK, Kaissar KJ et al. Genetic characterization of Kushum horses in Kazakhstan based on haplotypes of mtDNA and Y chromosome, and genes associated with important traits of the horses. J. Equine Sci. 2020; 31(3): 35–43.
- 16. FAO. Crops and livestock products. Available at https://www.fao.org/faostat (Cited: March 23, 2022).
- 17. Orlando L. The Evolutionary and Historical Foundation of the Modern Horse: Lessons from Ancient Genomics. Annu Rev Genet 2020;54:563–81.
- 18. Fegraeus KJ, Velie BD, Axelsson J, Ang R, Hamilton NA, Andersson L et al. A potential regulatory region near the EDN3 gene may control both harness racing performance and coat color variation in horses. Physiol Rep 2018; 6 (10), e13700.
- 19. Belousova NF, Bass SP, Zinoveva SA, Kozlov SA, Markin SS. Features of coat color and markings and impact of dun factor on Vyatka horse breed. In: 2020 Bio Web Conf, 17, 00202 (2020).
- 20. Sponenberg DP, Bellone R. Equine Color Genetics. 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 2017.
- 21. Corbin LJ, Pope J, Sanson J, Antczak DF, Miller D, Sadeghi R et al. An Independent Locus Upstream of ASIP Controls Variation in the Shade of the Bay Coat Colour in Horses. Genes 2020; 11, 606.
- 22. Derinbay Ekici Ö, Ceylan O, Sönmez G, Dik B, Ceylan C, Semassel A. Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in wild horses in Konya province of Turkey. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg 2021; 68, 275-281.
- 23. Ludwig A, Pruvost M, Reissmann M, Benecke N, Brockmann GA, Castanos P et al. Coat Color Variation at the Beginning of Horse Domestication. Science 2009;324(5926):485.
- 24. OMIA. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals 001356-9796:Coat colour, grey/gray in Equus caballus, https://omia.org/OMIA001356/9796/ (Acessed: April 28, 2022).
- 25. Thiruvenkadan AK, Kandasamy N, Panneerselvam S. Coat Colour Inheritance in Horses. Livest Sci 2008; 117: 109-129.
- 26. Özen D, Gürcan İS. Determination of factors affecting the length of racing career of Arabian horses in Turkey. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg 2016; 63(3) , 303-309.
- 27. Özen D, Gürcan İS. Factors that affect whether Arabian horses have earnings during their first year of racing, Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences 2017;41(4) 460-463.
- 28. Özen D, Kaya U, Özen H, Ambarcioğlu P, Ünal N, Gürcan, İS. Investigation of Factors Influencing Thoroughbred Horses' Racing Career Length in Turkey. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 2021; 107, 103782.
- 29. Gücüyener-Hacan O, Akçapınar H. Some Phenotypic and Genetic Parameters of Purebred Turkish Arabian Horses Raised in Different Stud Farms II. Coat Colour, Markings, Hair Whorl on the Forehead and Heritabilities. Lalahan Hay Araşt Enst Derg 2012; 52 (2): 15-26.
- 30. Düzgüneş O. Türkiye Hayvan Yetiştirme Müesseselerinde Saf ve Yarımkan Arap Atlarının Yetiştirme, Vücut Yapılışı ve Verimleri ile Bunların Birbirleri ile Mukayeseleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları: 38, Ankara; 1953.
- 31. Erdem N. Karacabey Harası Safkan Arap Atlarında Donların Dağılımı ve Kalıtım Üzerindeki Etkileri, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara;1982.
- 32. Kutsal A, Sandikcioglu M. Türkiye Safkan Arap Atlarında Donlar, Nişaneler ve Bunların Kalıtımı. Lalahan Hay Araşt Enst Derg, 1985; 15 (1-4): 3 -29.
- 33. Bormann JM. Equine Genetics. 107-120. In: Khatib H, ed. Molecular and Quantitative Animal Genetics. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 2015.
Year 2023,
Volume: 94 Issue: 2, 110 - 118, 15.06.2023
Abstract
Yüzyıllar boyunca çeşitli amaçlarla kullanılan atlar günümüzde daha çok sportif amaçla kullanılmaktadır. Bu şekilde kullanılan atların kimliklendirilmesi büyük önem taşımakta ve bunun için atların don rengi ile nişanelerinden faydalanılmaktadır. Bu araştırma Türkiye’de yetiştirilen 101 Arap ve 206 İngiliz olmak üzere toplam 307 yarış atında don ve nişanelerin dağılımı incelenmiştir. Genel olarak atlarda % 56,5 ile en çok DORU don rengi gözlemlenirken, en az BOZ (% 0,3) ve YAĞIZ (% 0,3) don renkleri görülmüştür. Atlara baş nişaneleri bulduğu bölgelere göre 0; 1; 2; 3; 4 ve 5 olarak puanlanmıştır. Buna göre baş nişanelerinin bulunma oranları sırasıyla % 17,2; % 29,2; % 7,5; % 6,8; % 26,0 ve % 13,3 olmuştur. Atlarda sekiler incelendiğinde % 16,9 ile en çok sol arka bacakta Yüksek Seki, en az ise sağ ön bacakta Çizme Seki (% 1,3) görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak atların soy kütüklerine kayıdedilmesinde önemli bir yeri olan Don rengi ve Nişanelerin, Arap ve İngiliz atlarındaki durumunun incelenmesi amaçlanan bu çalışmada atlarda en çok DORU don renginin görüldüğü belirlenmiştir. Bu durumun ise yetiştircilerin ve at sahiplerinin tercihlerinden ileri geldiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Keywords
Project Number
Yok
References
- 1. Akçapınar H, Özbeyaz C. Animal Husbandry (Basic Knowledge). Medisan, Ankara; 2021.
- 2. Bailey E, Brooks SA. Horse genetics. 3rd ed. Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK ; Boston:CABI; 2020.
- 3. Gücüyener-Hacan O, Akçapınar H. Some Phenotypic and Genetic Parameters of Purebred Turkish Arabian Horses Raised in Different Stud Farms I. Body Measurements and Heritabilities. Lalahan Hay Araşt Enst Derg 2011; 51 (2): 55-70.
- 4. Klecel W, Martyniuk E. From the Eurasian Steppes to the Roman Circuses: A Review of Early Development of Horse Breeding and Management. Animals 2021;11, 1859.
- 5. Librado P, Orlando L. Genomics and the Evolutionary History of Equids. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2021; 9:81–101.
- 6. Neves AP, Schwengber EB, Albrecht FF, Isola JV, Van der Linden LS. Beyond Fifty Shades: The Genetics of Horse Colors. 75-100 In: Abubakar M, ed. Trends and Advances in Veterinary genetics. IntechOpen. London, UK;2017.
- 7. Grilz-Seger G, Mesarič M, Brem G, Cotman M. Characterisation of coat colour in the Slovenian Posavje horse. Slov Vet Res 2021; 58 (2): 77 – 84.
- 8. Henner J, Poncet PA, Guerin G, Hagger C, Stranzinger G, Rieder S. Genetic mapping of the (G)-locus, responsible or the coat color phenotype "progressive greying with age" in horses (Equus caballus). Mamm Genome 2002; 13:535-537.
- 9. Özbeyaz C. At Hekimliği. Güneş Tıp Kitapevleri, Ankara 2019. Bölüm 2, At yetiştiriciliği. p.19-52.
- 10. Outram AK, Stear NA, Bendrey R, Olsen S, Kasparov A, Zaibert V et al. The earliest horse harnessing and milking. Science 2009; 323(5919):1332–35.
- 11. Parker R. Equine Science. Fifth Ed. Delmar Cengage Learning; 2018.
- 12. Gurgul A, Jasielczuk I, Semik-Gurgul E, Pawlina-Tyszko K, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Szmatoła T et al. A genome-wide scan for diversifying selection signatures in selected horse breeds. PLoS ONE 2019; 14(1): e0210751.
- 13. Liu X, MA Y, Jiang L. Genomic regions under selection for important traits in domestic horse breeds. Front Agr Sci Eng 2017; 4(3): 289–294.
- 14. Özbeyaz C, Yüceer Özkul B. Some inherited disorders in pacing horses in Turkey. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg 2022; 69, 43-49.
- 15. Nguyen TB, Paul RC, Okuda Y, Le TNA, Pham PTK, Kaissar KJ et al. Genetic characterization of Kushum horses in Kazakhstan based on haplotypes of mtDNA and Y chromosome, and genes associated with important traits of the horses. J. Equine Sci. 2020; 31(3): 35–43.
- 16. FAO. Crops and livestock products. Available at https://www.fao.org/faostat (Cited: March 23, 2022).
- 17. Orlando L. The Evolutionary and Historical Foundation of the Modern Horse: Lessons from Ancient Genomics. Annu Rev Genet 2020;54:563–81.
- 18. Fegraeus KJ, Velie BD, Axelsson J, Ang R, Hamilton NA, Andersson L et al. A potential regulatory region near the EDN3 gene may control both harness racing performance and coat color variation in horses. Physiol Rep 2018; 6 (10), e13700.
- 19. Belousova NF, Bass SP, Zinoveva SA, Kozlov SA, Markin SS. Features of coat color and markings and impact of dun factor on Vyatka horse breed. In: 2020 Bio Web Conf, 17, 00202 (2020).
- 20. Sponenberg DP, Bellone R. Equine Color Genetics. 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 2017.
- 21. Corbin LJ, Pope J, Sanson J, Antczak DF, Miller D, Sadeghi R et al. An Independent Locus Upstream of ASIP Controls Variation in the Shade of the Bay Coat Colour in Horses. Genes 2020; 11, 606.
- 22. Derinbay Ekici Ö, Ceylan O, Sönmez G, Dik B, Ceylan C, Semassel A. Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in wild horses in Konya province of Turkey. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg 2021; 68, 275-281.
- 23. Ludwig A, Pruvost M, Reissmann M, Benecke N, Brockmann GA, Castanos P et al. Coat Color Variation at the Beginning of Horse Domestication. Science 2009;324(5926):485.
- 24. OMIA. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals 001356-9796:Coat colour, grey/gray in Equus caballus, https://omia.org/OMIA001356/9796/ (Acessed: April 28, 2022).
- 25. Thiruvenkadan AK, Kandasamy N, Panneerselvam S. Coat Colour Inheritance in Horses. Livest Sci 2008; 117: 109-129.
- 26. Özen D, Gürcan İS. Determination of factors affecting the length of racing career of Arabian horses in Turkey. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg 2016; 63(3) , 303-309.
- 27. Özen D, Gürcan İS. Factors that affect whether Arabian horses have earnings during their first year of racing, Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences 2017;41(4) 460-463.
- 28. Özen D, Kaya U, Özen H, Ambarcioğlu P, Ünal N, Gürcan, İS. Investigation of Factors Influencing Thoroughbred Horses' Racing Career Length in Turkey. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 2021; 107, 103782.
- 29. Gücüyener-Hacan O, Akçapınar H. Some Phenotypic and Genetic Parameters of Purebred Turkish Arabian Horses Raised in Different Stud Farms II. Coat Colour, Markings, Hair Whorl on the Forehead and Heritabilities. Lalahan Hay Araşt Enst Derg 2012; 52 (2): 15-26.
- 30. Düzgüneş O. Türkiye Hayvan Yetiştirme Müesseselerinde Saf ve Yarımkan Arap Atlarının Yetiştirme, Vücut Yapılışı ve Verimleri ile Bunların Birbirleri ile Mukayeseleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları: 38, Ankara; 1953.
- 31. Erdem N. Karacabey Harası Safkan Arap Atlarında Donların Dağılımı ve Kalıtım Üzerindeki Etkileri, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara;1982.
- 32. Kutsal A, Sandikcioglu M. Türkiye Safkan Arap Atlarında Donlar, Nişaneler ve Bunların Kalıtımı. Lalahan Hay Araşt Enst Derg, 1985; 15 (1-4): 3 -29.
- 33. Bormann JM. Equine Genetics. 107-120. In: Khatib H, ed. Molecular and Quantitative Animal Genetics. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 2015.
There are 33 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery, Animal Science, Genetics and Biostatistics |
| Journal Section | RESEARCH ARTICLE |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | Yok |
| Early Pub Date | June 14, 2023 |
| Publication Date | June 15, 2023 |
| Submission Date | December 28, 2022 |
| Acceptance Date | March 1, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 94 Issue: 2 |
Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi (Journal of Turkish Veterinary Medical Society) is an open access publication, and the journal’s publication model is based on Budapest Access Initiative (BOAI) declaration. All published content is licensed under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC 4.0 license, available online and free of charge. Authors retain the copyright of their published work in Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi (Journal of Turkish Veterinary Medical Society).
Veteriner Hekimler Derneği / Turkish Veterinary Medical Society