Research Article
Bazı Entomopatojen Fungus Kültür Filtratlarının Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) Üzerindeki Etkinliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, 5 farklı entomopatojen fungus izolatına (Beauveria varroe, Metarhizium robertsii, Purpureocillium lilacinum, Fusarium subglutinans 8A ve F. subglutinans 12A) ait saf kültür filtratlarının Tetranychus urticae Koch’nin ergin dişileri üzerinde lethal etkileri belirlenmiştir. Plastik petrilerde (9 cm) yaprak disk yöntemine göre hazırlanmış fasulye yapraklarına (4 cm) 20 yeni ergin birey aktarılmıştır. Her bir entomopatojen fungus izolatına ait saf kültür filtratları püskürtme yöntemiyle (4 bar) 10 sn süre ile ergin bireyleri içeren yaprak disklerin üzerine uygulanmıştır. Gözlemlere uygulamadan 24 saat sonra başlanarak 7. güne kadar devam edilmiştir. Denemeler her bir entomopatojen izolatına ait uygulama dozu için 5 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Kültür filtratları uygulandıktan 24 ve 96 saat sonra T. urticae erginlerinde meydana gelen ölüm oranları arasında fark olmadığı bulunmuştur (P˃ 0.05). Uygulamadan 5 gün sonra ise B. varroe, F. subglutinans 8A, F. subglutinans 12A ve P. lilacinum uygulamaları arasında fark olmadığı ve M. robertsii’nin (%36±3.67) diğer entomopatojen fungus izolatlarından (%59±3.31-66±3.67) istatistiki olarak farklı olduğu saptanmıştır (P˂0.05). Son gözlem zamanı olan 7. günde, B. varroe kültür filtratının T. urticae erginleri üzerinde en yüksek ölüme (%80±3.53) neden olduğu, ayrıca F. subglutinans 12A, F. subglutinans 8A, P. lilacinum ve M. robertsii uygulamalarında belirlenen ölüm yüzdeleri ise sırasıyla %78±7.17, %76±6.00, %73±4.06, %46±2.91 olarak saptanmıştır. Metarhizium robertsii kültür filtratı uygulamasındaki T. urticae erginleri üzerindeki ölüm oranları, diğer entomopatojen fungus kültür filtratı uygulamalarından farklı bulunmuştur (P˂0.05).
References
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- Aghajanzadeh, S., Mallik, B., Chandrashekar, S. C. 2006. Toxicity of culture filtrate of Hirsutella thompsonii Fisher against citrus rüşt mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora Ashmead (Acari: Eriophyidae) and two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 8(2), 276-279.
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- Ayudya, D. R., Herlinda, S., Suwandi, S. 2019. Insecticidal activity of culture filtrates from liquid medium of Beauveria bassiana isolates from South Sumatra (Indonesia) wetland soil against larvae of Spodoptera litura. Biodiversitas, 20: 2101-2109.
- Buttachon, S., Kijjoa A. 2013. Acaricidal activity of Hypocrella raciborskii Zimm. (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) crude extract and some pure compounds on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7(7), 577-585.
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- Fadini, M. A. M., Lemos, W. P., Pallini, A., Venzon, M., Mourão, S. A. 2004. Herbivoria de Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) induz defesa direta em morangueiro? Neotropical Entomology, 33: 293-297.
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- Gustianingtyas, M., Herlinda, S., Hasbi, S. S. H. H., Setiawan, A., Verawaty, M., Elfita, A. 2020. Toxicity of entomopathogenic fungal culture filtrate of lowland and highland soil of South Sumatra against Spodoptera litura larvae. Biodiversitas, 21: 1839-1849.
- Hanan, A., Nazir, T., Basit, A., Ahmad S., Qiu, D. 2020. Potential of Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimm.) as a microbial control agent for green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 52(1), 131-137.
- Herlinda, S., Efendi, R. A., Suharjo, R., Setiawan, H. A., Verawaty, E. M. 2020. New emerging entomopathogenic fungi isolated from soil in South Sumatra (Indonesia) and their filtrate and conidial insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura. Biodiversitas, 21(11), 5102-5113.
- Keno, G., Habtegebriel, B., Azerefegne, F. 2022. Evaluation of ethiopian entomopathogenic fungi ısolates against the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch on tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. American Journal of Zoology, 5(2), 11-19
- Khachatourians, G. G., Qazi, S. S. 2008. Entomopathogenic fungi: biochemistry and molecular biology. “In: Human and Animal Relationships. (eds) Brakhage, A. A. Zipfel P. F., Heidelberg, Springer, Berlin, 33–61.
- Khan, S., Guo, L., Shi, H., Mijit, M., Qiu, D. 2012. Bioassay and enzymatic comparison of six entomopathogenic fungal isolates for virulence or toxicity against green peach aphids Myzus persicae. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11: 14193–14203.
- Kim, J. S., Roh, J. Y., Choi, J. Y., Wang, Y., Shim, H. J., Je, Y. H. 2010. Correlation of the aphicidal activity of Beauveria bassiana SFB-205 supernatant with enzymes. Fungal Biology, 114: 120–128.
- Kim, J. J., Jeong, G., Han, J. H., Lee, S. 2013. biological control of aphid using fungal culture and culture filtrates of Beauveria bassiana. Mycobiology, 41: 221-224.
- Krieger de Moraes, C., Schrank, A., Vainstein, M. H. 2003. Regulation of extracellular chitinases and proteases in the entomopathogen and acaricide Metarhizium anisopliae. Current Microbiology, 46(3), 205–210.
- Li, S. J., Xue, X., Ahmed, M. Z., Ren, S. X., Du, Y. Z., Wu, J. H., Cuthbertson, A. G. S., Qiu, B. L. 2011. Host plants and natural enemies of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in China. Insect Science, 18: 101–120.
- Maniania, N. K., Bugeme, D. M., Wekesa, V. W., Delalibera, I. Jr., Knapp, M. 2008. Role of entomopathogenic fungi in the control of Tetranychus evansi and Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), pests of horticultural crops. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 46: 259–274.
- Namara, L. Mc., Carolan, J. C., Griffin, C. T., Fitzpatrick, D., Kavanagh K. 2017. The effect of entomopathogenic fungal culture filtrate on the immüne response of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella. Journal of Insect Physiology, 100: 82-92.
- Nauen, R., Stumpf, N., Elbert, A., Zebitz, C. P. W., Kraus, W. 2001. Acaricide toxicity and resistance in larvae of different strains of Tetranychus urticae and Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae). Pest Management Science, 57: 253-261.
- Quesada-Moraga, E., Carrasco-Díaz, J., Santiago-Álvarez, C. 2006. Insecticidal and antifeedant activities of proteins secreted by entomopathogenic fungi against Spodoptera littoralis (Lep., Noctuidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 130: 442–452.
- Romeih, A. H. M., El-Saiedy, E. M. A., Salwa, M. E. 2013. Study of the population dynamics of two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch infesting two Faba bean cultivars. Life Science Journal, 10: 1328–1333.
- Rasool, S., Cárdenas P. D., Pattison D. I., Jensen B., Meyling N. V. 2021. Isolate-specific effect of entomopathogenic endophytic fungi on population growth of two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) and levels of steroidal glycoalkaloids in tomato. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 47: 476–488.
- Saad, A. S., Sergany, M. I., Mostafa, M. E., Fathy, D. M. 2019. Efficacy of some entomopathogenic fungal extracts and their chemical constituents as alternative bio-pesticides against onion thrips, Thrips tabaci L. Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology, 10(2), 121-126.
- Samuels R. I., Reynolds S. E. 1993. Moulting fluid enzymes of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta: Inhibitory of 20-hydroxyecdysone on the activity of the cuticle degrading enzyme MFP-1. Journal of Insect Physiology, 39: 633-637.
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- St Leger, R. J., Wang, C. 2010. Genetic engineering of fungal biocontrol agents to achieve efficacy against insect pests. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 85: 901–907.
- Uzun A., Demirözer O., Arıcı Ş. E. 2019. Acaricidal activity of Fusarium subglutinans 12A on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 14: 83-88.
- Wang, L., Huang, J., You, M., Guan, X., Liu, B. 2007. Toxicity and feeding deterrence of crude toxin extracts of Lecanicillium (Verticillium) lecanii (Hyphomycetes) against sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Pest Management Science, 63: 381–387.
- van der Geest, L. P. S., Elliot, S. L., Breeuwer, J. A. J., Beerling, E. A. M. 2000. Diseases of mites. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 24: 497–560.
- van Leeuwen, T., Vontas, J., Tsagkarakou, A., Dermauw, W., Tirry, L. 2010. Acaricide resistance mechanisms in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae and other important Acari: a review. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 40: 563-572.
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- Zare, M., Talaei-Hassanloui, R., Fotouhifar, K. 2014. Relatedness of proteolytic potency and virulence in entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana isolates. Journal of Crop Protection, 3(4), 425–43.
DETERMINATION OF THE EFFICACY OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGAL CULTURE FILTRATES ON TETRANYCHUS URTICAE KOCH
Abstract
In this study, lethal effects of pure culture filtrates of 5 different isolates of entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria varroe, Metarhizium robertsii, Purpureocillium lilacinum, Fusarium subglutinans 8A ve F. subglutinans 12A) on adult females of Tetranychus urticae Koch were determined. 20 new adult individuals were transferred to bean leaves (4 cm) prepared according to the leaf disc method in plastic petri dishes (9 cm). Pure culture filtrates of each entomopathogenic fungus isolate were applied by spraying (4 bar) on leaf discs containing adult individuals for 10 seconds. Observations were started 24 hours after the application and continued until the 7th day. Experiments were carried out with 5 replications for the application dose of each entomopathogen isolate. It was found that there was no difference between the mortality rates of T. urticae adults 24 and 96 hours after the culture filtrates were applied (P˃ 0.05). 5 days after the application, there was no difference between B. varroe, F. subglutinans 8A, F. subglutinans 12A, and P. lilacinum applications, and M. robertsii (36±3.67%) were statistically different from other entomopathogenic fungus isolates (%59±3.31-66±3.67) (P˂0.05). On the 7th day, the last observation time, it was determined that B. varroe culture filtrate caused the highest mortality (80±3.53%) on T. urticae adults, and mortality rates in F. subglutinans 12A, F. subglutinans 8A, P. lilacinum and M. robertsii applications were 78±7.17%, 76±6.0%, 73%±4.06, and 46±2.91%, respectively. Mortality rates on T. urticae adults in M. robertsii culture filtrate application were different from other entomopathogenic fungus culture filtrate applications (P˂0.05).
References
- Abbott, W. W. 1925. A method for computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18: 265-267.
- Aghajanzadeh, S., Mallik, B., Chandrashekar, S. C. 2006. Toxicity of culture filtrate of Hirsutella thompsonii Fisher against citrus rüşt mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora Ashmead (Acari: Eriophyidae) and two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 8(2), 276-279.
- Albuquerque, F. A., Oliveira, J. V., Gondim, J. R. M. G. C. Torres, J. B. 2003. Efeito de inseticidas e acaricidas sobre ovos e fêmeas adultas do ácaro-rajado, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Revista de Ecotoxicologia e Meio Ambiente, 13: 1-8.
- Ayudya, D. R., Herlinda, S., Suwandi, S. 2019. Insecticidal activity of culture filtrates from liquid medium of Beauveria bassiana isolates from South Sumatra (Indonesia) wetland soil against larvae of Spodoptera litura. Biodiversitas, 20: 2101-2109.
- Buttachon, S., Kijjoa A. 2013. Acaricidal activity of Hypocrella raciborskii Zimm. (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) crude extract and some pure compounds on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7(7), 577-585.
- Chandler, D., Davidson, G., Pell, J. K., Ball, B. V., Shaw, K., Sunderland, K. 2000. Fungal biocontrol of Acari. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 10: 357 384.
- Chandler, D., Davidson, G., Jacobson, R. S. 2005. Laboratory and glasshouse evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi against the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), on tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 15(1), 37–54.
- Chen, X., Li, L., Hu, Q., Zhang, B., Wu, W., Jin, F., Jiang, J. 2015. Expression of dsRNA in recombinant Isaria fumosorosea strain targets the TLR7 gene in Bemisia tabaci. BMC Biotechnology, 15(64), 1-8.
- Çakmak, I., Janssen, A., Sabelis, M. W., Baspinar, H. 2009. Biological control of an acarine pest by single and multiple natural enemies. Biological Control, 50: 60–65.
- Dermauw, W., Wybouw, N., Rombauts, S., Menten, B., Vontas, J., Grbic, M., Clarkh, R. M., Feyereisenj R., Van Leeuwen T. 2013. A link between host plant adaptation and pesticide resistance in the polyphagous spider mite Tetranychus urticae. PNAS, 110: E113–E122.
- Doğan, Y. O., Hazir, S., Yildiz, A., Butt, T. M., Çakmak, I. 2017. Evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi for the control of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and the effect of Metarhizium brunneum on the predatory mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Biological Control, 111: 6–12.
- Elhakim, E., Mohamed, O., Elazouni, I. 2020. Virulence and proteolytic activity of entomopathogenic fungi against the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 30: 1-8.
- Fadini, M. A. M., Lemos, W. P., Pallini, A., Venzon, M., Mourão, S. A. 2004. Herbivoria de Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) induz defesa direta em morangueiro? Neotropical Entomology, 33: 293-297.
- Ferreira, C. B. S., Andrade, F. H. N., Rodrigues, A. R. S., Siqueira, H. A. A., Gondim Jr. M. G. C. 2015. Resistance in field populations of Tetranychus urticae to acaricides and characterization of the inheritance of abamectin resistance. Crop Protection, 67: 77-83.
- Flechtmann, C. H. W. 1985. Ácaros de importância agrícola. 6ª. Ed. São Paulo, Nobel, 169 p. Geroh, M., Gulati, R., Tehri, K. 2015. Determination of lethal concentration and lethal time of entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin against Tetranychus urticae Koch. International Journal of Agricultural Science, 7: 523–528.
- Grbic, M., Van Leeuwen, T., Clark, R. M., Rombauts, S., Rouzé, P., Grbic, V., Osborne, E. J., Dermauw, W., Ngoc, P. C. T., Ortego, F., Hernández-Crespo, P., Diaz, I., Martinez, M., Navajas, M., Sucena, É., Magalhães, S., Nagy, L., Pace, R. M., Djuranović, S., Smagghe, G., Iga, M., Christiaens, O., Veenstra, J. A., Ewer, J., Van de Peer, Y. 2011. The genome of Tetranychus urticae reveals herbivorous pest adaptations. Nature, 479: 487–492.
- Gustianingtyas, M., Herlinda, S., Hasbi, S. S. H. H., Setiawan, A., Verawaty, M., Elfita, A. 2020. Toxicity of entomopathogenic fungal culture filtrate of lowland and highland soil of South Sumatra against Spodoptera litura larvae. Biodiversitas, 21: 1839-1849.
- Hanan, A., Nazir, T., Basit, A., Ahmad S., Qiu, D. 2020. Potential of Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimm.) as a microbial control agent for green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 52(1), 131-137.
- Herlinda, S., Efendi, R. A., Suharjo, R., Setiawan, H. A., Verawaty, E. M. 2020. New emerging entomopathogenic fungi isolated from soil in South Sumatra (Indonesia) and their filtrate and conidial insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura. Biodiversitas, 21(11), 5102-5113.
- Keno, G., Habtegebriel, B., Azerefegne, F. 2022. Evaluation of ethiopian entomopathogenic fungi ısolates against the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch on tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. American Journal of Zoology, 5(2), 11-19
- Khachatourians, G. G., Qazi, S. S. 2008. Entomopathogenic fungi: biochemistry and molecular biology. “In: Human and Animal Relationships. (eds) Brakhage, A. A. Zipfel P. F., Heidelberg, Springer, Berlin, 33–61.
- Khan, S., Guo, L., Shi, H., Mijit, M., Qiu, D. 2012. Bioassay and enzymatic comparison of six entomopathogenic fungal isolates for virulence or toxicity against green peach aphids Myzus persicae. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11: 14193–14203.
- Kim, J. S., Roh, J. Y., Choi, J. Y., Wang, Y., Shim, H. J., Je, Y. H. 2010. Correlation of the aphicidal activity of Beauveria bassiana SFB-205 supernatant with enzymes. Fungal Biology, 114: 120–128.
- Kim, J. J., Jeong, G., Han, J. H., Lee, S. 2013. biological control of aphid using fungal culture and culture filtrates of Beauveria bassiana. Mycobiology, 41: 221-224.
- Krieger de Moraes, C., Schrank, A., Vainstein, M. H. 2003. Regulation of extracellular chitinases and proteases in the entomopathogen and acaricide Metarhizium anisopliae. Current Microbiology, 46(3), 205–210.
- Li, S. J., Xue, X., Ahmed, M. Z., Ren, S. X., Du, Y. Z., Wu, J. H., Cuthbertson, A. G. S., Qiu, B. L. 2011. Host plants and natural enemies of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in China. Insect Science, 18: 101–120.
- Maniania, N. K., Bugeme, D. M., Wekesa, V. W., Delalibera, I. Jr., Knapp, M. 2008. Role of entomopathogenic fungi in the control of Tetranychus evansi and Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), pests of horticultural crops. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 46: 259–274.
- Namara, L. Mc., Carolan, J. C., Griffin, C. T., Fitzpatrick, D., Kavanagh K. 2017. The effect of entomopathogenic fungal culture filtrate on the immüne response of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella. Journal of Insect Physiology, 100: 82-92.
- Nauen, R., Stumpf, N., Elbert, A., Zebitz, C. P. W., Kraus, W. 2001. Acaricide toxicity and resistance in larvae of different strains of Tetranychus urticae and Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae). Pest Management Science, 57: 253-261.
- Quesada-Moraga, E., Carrasco-Díaz, J., Santiago-Álvarez, C. 2006. Insecticidal and antifeedant activities of proteins secreted by entomopathogenic fungi against Spodoptera littoralis (Lep., Noctuidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 130: 442–452.
- Romeih, A. H. M., El-Saiedy, E. M. A., Salwa, M. E. 2013. Study of the population dynamics of two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch infesting two Faba bean cultivars. Life Science Journal, 10: 1328–1333.
- Rasool, S., Cárdenas P. D., Pattison D. I., Jensen B., Meyling N. V. 2021. Isolate-specific effect of entomopathogenic endophytic fungi on population growth of two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) and levels of steroidal glycoalkaloids in tomato. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 47: 476–488.
- Saad, A. S., Sergany, M. I., Mostafa, M. E., Fathy, D. M. 2019. Efficacy of some entomopathogenic fungal extracts and their chemical constituents as alternative bio-pesticides against onion thrips, Thrips tabaci L. Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology, 10(2), 121-126.
- Samuels R. I., Reynolds S. E. 1993. Moulting fluid enzymes of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta: Inhibitory of 20-hydroxyecdysone on the activity of the cuticle degrading enzyme MFP-1. Journal of Insect Physiology, 39: 633-637.
- Shah, R., Al-Sadi, A. M., Al-Sabahi, J. N., Al-Raeesi, A. A., Al-Rawahi, K. K. S., Al-Rashdi, A. S., Al-Hinai S. F. M., Velazhahan R. 2020. Efficacy of an Omani strain of Cordyceps javanica and its culture filtrate against whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) under laboratory conditions, All Life, 13(1), 615-622.
- St Leger, R. J., Wang, C. 2010. Genetic engineering of fungal biocontrol agents to achieve efficacy against insect pests. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 85: 901–907.
- Uzun A., Demirözer O., Arıcı Ş. E. 2019. Acaricidal activity of Fusarium subglutinans 12A on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 14: 83-88.
- Wang, L., Huang, J., You, M., Guan, X., Liu, B. 2007. Toxicity and feeding deterrence of crude toxin extracts of Lecanicillium (Verticillium) lecanii (Hyphomycetes) against sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Pest Management Science, 63: 381–387.
- van der Geest, L. P. S., Elliot, S. L., Breeuwer, J. A. J., Beerling, E. A. M. 2000. Diseases of mites. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 24: 497–560.
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There are 42 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 25, 2023 |
| Submission Date | December 30, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 2 |
