Research Article
Development and Performance Evaluation of Double Shaft Plastic Bottle Crusher for Small Scale Industrial Application
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a problem that is affecting many aspects of human endeavour. Searches are being made for ecofriendly alternatives and waste management practices that can lessen the impact of plastic pollution. On the list are waste plastic reuse, use of bioplastics, reduction of reliance on plastic usage, and plastic waste recycling. In this technical brief, a Plastic shredder was developed to recycle plastic waste in the value chain. Plastic shredder is a machine that turns used plastic bottles to smaller particle sizes to enhance portability, easiness and readiness for use into new products. While in operation, the prime mover drives the transmission shafts with low speed in the range of 25 to 65 rpm to give shredding torque that masticates materials fed in, into desired granular size. Bivariate Linear regression was the statistical model used to understand the relationship between the two variables of evaluation, the predictor x (speed) and the response variable y (shredding capacity). Since significance F (0.0216) is less than 0.05, there is 95% confidence that there is linear relationship between speed of rotation and shredding capacity of the machine. Model equation is therefore given as Y= 0.952 X1 – 11.725 ± 2.53. The machine respectively gave highest shredding capacity for PET bottles, Tin can and wastepaper as 56.52 kg h-1, 29.60 kg h-1 and 42.09 kg h-1 at optimum speed of 65 rpm. If operated for 8 hours in a day, it can favorably shred almost half a ton of plastic bottles (452.16 kg day-1). The machine was developed at an affordable cost of $817.72. The paper shredded with the machine can be pulped and made into poultry egg crates and paper print used in building industry. The machine is less stressful to operate and economical to run and maintain. If the machine is widely adopted, the menace caused by nonbiodegradable materials like plastic will be ended.
Keywords
References
- Abdulkadir SA, Dodo SM, Jahun BG, Malgwi GS and Vanke I (2020). Design and construction of an agricultural waste shredding machine. Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology & Environment. AZOJETE September 2020, 16 (3):519-530. Published by the Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria. www.azojete.com.ng
- Ajav EA, Okusanya MA and Obi OF (2018). Jatropha oil extraction optimization through varied processing conditions using mechanical process. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 7(9): 227-241.
- Anyakoha MW (2016). New school physics for senior secondary schools. African First Publishers PLC, Book House Trust, 1 Africana First Drive, Onitsha, Nigeria.
- Belonio AT. (2004). Agricultural power and energy sources. TIGIM Review Center, Institute of Agricultural Engineering Manila. Central Philippine. https://www.coursehero.com/file/153227983/Chapter-06-Human-Powerpdf/
- Degli GA. and Marzetti GV. (2019). Recycling and waste generation: An estimate of the source reduction effect of recycling programs. The Transdisciplinary Journal of the International Society for Ecological Economics. Vol. 161, July 2019, Pages 321-329.
- Engineering Toolbox (2004). Resources, tools and basic ınformation for engineering and design of technical applications: Friction, friction coefficients and angle of repose for various materials https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com
- Gopal M (2010). Combined bending, direct and torsional stresses. www.theconstructor.org
- Hall AS, Holowenko AR and Laughlin HG (2017). Theory and problems of machine design, Schaum’s Outline Series. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi New York, 1973.
- Hasiehurst M (1981). Manufacturing Technology (Higher Technical Series). 3rd ed, Hodder Arnoldm ISBN-13: 978-0340269800
- Ikeah CK (2018). Transition to circular economy in Nigeria programmes and activities. Pollution Control and Environmental Health Federal Ministry of Environment, Abuja Nigeria. https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/files/2022-08/3_Transition
- Khurmi RS and Gupta JK (2004). A textbook of machine design. (Fourteenth Edition, p. 16 – 52). Eurasia Publishing House (PVT) LTD. Ram Nagar, New Delhi-110 055.
- Okusanya MA and Ibrahim G (2020). Design and development of plastic crusher for a more efficient waste management practice. International Journal of innovative Research & Development, 9(8): 297-313. www.ijird.com DOI No: 10.24940/ijird/2020/v9/i8/AUG20075
- Okorafor O (2022). Federal government adopts circular economy model to address plastic ıssues. science Nigeria. https://sciencenigeria.com/fg-adopts-circular-economy-model-to-address-plastic-issues/
- Ossian M (2023). Mastering Mechanics: A guide to calculating shaft torque. www.datamyte.com
- Plastic Soup Foundation (2016). Sustainable Development: Individual SDG’s. https://www.plasticsoupfoundation.org/en/plastic-problem/sustainable-development/individual-sdgs/#: Sinnot RK (1993). Chemical Engineering Design. (Fourth Edition, Vol. 6, p. 251). Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0 7506 6538 6
- Srivastava AK, Goering CE, Rohrbach RP and Buckmaster DR (2012). Engineering Principles of Agricultural Machines. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE). Revised edition ed., pp. 577-584. DOI:10.13031/2013.41478. https://archive.org
- World Bank (2018). Global waste to Grow by 70 percent by 2050 Unless Action is taken: World Bank Report. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2018/09/20/global-waste-to-grow-by-70-percent-by-2050-unless-urgent-action-is-taken-world-bank-report
- Zach B (2020). Statology: Multiple Linear Regression by Hand (Step-by-Step). https://www.statology.org/multiple-linear-regression-by-hand/
Year 2023,
Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 151 - 177, 31.12.2023
Abstract
References
- Abdulkadir SA, Dodo SM, Jahun BG, Malgwi GS and Vanke I (2020). Design and construction of an agricultural waste shredding machine. Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology & Environment. AZOJETE September 2020, 16 (3):519-530. Published by the Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria. www.azojete.com.ng
- Ajav EA, Okusanya MA and Obi OF (2018). Jatropha oil extraction optimization through varied processing conditions using mechanical process. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 7(9): 227-241.
- Anyakoha MW (2016). New school physics for senior secondary schools. African First Publishers PLC, Book House Trust, 1 Africana First Drive, Onitsha, Nigeria.
- Belonio AT. (2004). Agricultural power and energy sources. TIGIM Review Center, Institute of Agricultural Engineering Manila. Central Philippine. https://www.coursehero.com/file/153227983/Chapter-06-Human-Powerpdf/
- Degli GA. and Marzetti GV. (2019). Recycling and waste generation: An estimate of the source reduction effect of recycling programs. The Transdisciplinary Journal of the International Society for Ecological Economics. Vol. 161, July 2019, Pages 321-329.
- Engineering Toolbox (2004). Resources, tools and basic ınformation for engineering and design of technical applications: Friction, friction coefficients and angle of repose for various materials https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com
- Gopal M (2010). Combined bending, direct and torsional stresses. www.theconstructor.org
- Hall AS, Holowenko AR and Laughlin HG (2017). Theory and problems of machine design, Schaum’s Outline Series. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi New York, 1973.
- Hasiehurst M (1981). Manufacturing Technology (Higher Technical Series). 3rd ed, Hodder Arnoldm ISBN-13: 978-0340269800
- Ikeah CK (2018). Transition to circular economy in Nigeria programmes and activities. Pollution Control and Environmental Health Federal Ministry of Environment, Abuja Nigeria. https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/files/2022-08/3_Transition
- Khurmi RS and Gupta JK (2004). A textbook of machine design. (Fourteenth Edition, p. 16 – 52). Eurasia Publishing House (PVT) LTD. Ram Nagar, New Delhi-110 055.
- Okusanya MA and Ibrahim G (2020). Design and development of plastic crusher for a more efficient waste management practice. International Journal of innovative Research & Development, 9(8): 297-313. www.ijird.com DOI No: 10.24940/ijird/2020/v9/i8/AUG20075
- Okorafor O (2022). Federal government adopts circular economy model to address plastic ıssues. science Nigeria. https://sciencenigeria.com/fg-adopts-circular-economy-model-to-address-plastic-issues/
- Ossian M (2023). Mastering Mechanics: A guide to calculating shaft torque. www.datamyte.com
- Plastic Soup Foundation (2016). Sustainable Development: Individual SDG’s. https://www.plasticsoupfoundation.org/en/plastic-problem/sustainable-development/individual-sdgs/#: Sinnot RK (1993). Chemical Engineering Design. (Fourth Edition, Vol. 6, p. 251). Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0 7506 6538 6
- Srivastava AK, Goering CE, Rohrbach RP and Buckmaster DR (2012). Engineering Principles of Agricultural Machines. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE). Revised edition ed., pp. 577-584. DOI:10.13031/2013.41478. https://archive.org
- World Bank (2018). Global waste to Grow by 70 percent by 2050 Unless Action is taken: World Bank Report. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2018/09/20/global-waste-to-grow-by-70-percent-by-2050-unless-urgent-action-is-taken-world-bank-report
- Zach B (2020). Statology: Multiple Linear Regression by Hand (Step-by-Step). https://www.statology.org/multiple-linear-regression-by-hand/
There are 18 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Agricultural Engineering |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | December 25, 2023 |
| Publication Date | December 31, 2023 |
| Submission Date | March 9, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | August 1, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 4 Issue: 2 |
International peer double-blind reviewed journal
The articles in the Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research are open access articles and the articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY-NC-4.0)(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en). This license allows third parties to share and adapt the content for non-commercial purposes with proper attribution to the original work. Please visit for more information this link https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research (TURKAGER) is indexed/abstracted in CABI, EBSCO, Information Matrix for the Analysis of Journals (MIAR), CAS Source Index (CASSI), Food Science & Technology Abstracts (FSTA), BASE, Directory Research Journals Indexing (DRJI), ROAD (Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources), WorldCat, ResearchBible, Beluga-Catalogue of Hamburg Libraries, Advanced Science Index (ASI), Scientific Literature (Scilit), Scholar Article Journal Index (SAJI), IJIFACTOR Indexing, Electronic Journals Library (EZB), SJIF Master Journals List, International Institute of Organized Research (I2OR), International Services for Impact Factor and Indexing (ISIFI), ASOS INDEX, Cosmos, Technical Information Library (TIB), ROOTINDEXING, Scientific Indexing Services (SIS), Journal Tables of Contents, Quality Open Access Market.Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research (TURKAGER) does not charge any application, publication, or subscription fees.
Publisher: Ebubekir ALTUNTAŞ
For articles citations to the articles of the Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research (TURKAGER), please click: