Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to examine the relative age effect of female football players playing in the Turkish Women's Super League and 1st League teams in the 2022-2023 Season. Working group; while the female football players playing licensed in the women's football leagues affiliated to the Turkish Football Federation constitute the sample, the players in the Women's Football Super League and the 1st League teams constitute the sample. While determining the sample, the density sampling method was preferred. Density sampling is generally used by studies involving the heuristic approach. The heuristic approach is accepted as the only research approach that enables individuals to establish subjective and creative relationships between the person researching their experiences and the facts. In the model of the research; The "Basic Qualitative Research" technique, the "Document Analysis" method in the data collection tool and the Miles-Huberman analysis method, which is a descriptive analysis method, were used in the analysis. This study was conducted by considering female football players of different skill levels and chronological ages. The aim of the study was to compare the birth date of female football players. In the findings part of the study; Birth dates of 1552 female football players were revealed. It was determined that 863 female football players were born in the first six months of the year and 689 female football players were born in the last six months of the year. In conclusion; It has been observed that the players of the teams in the 2022-2023 Women's Football Super League and the 1st League are affected by the relative age effect.
Keywords
References
- Augste C., Lames M. The relative age effect and success in German elite U-17 soccer teams. J Sport Sci, 2011; 29(9): 983-987
- Andrew, M., Finnegan, L., Datson, N., & Dugdale, J. H. (2022). Men Are from Quartile One, Women Are from? Relative Age Effect in European Soccer and the Influence of Age, Success, and Playing Status. Children, 9(11), 1747.
- Ari, Y., Tunçel, A., & Harbili, E. (2022). The examination of relative age effect in Turkey female’s first football league and place in success. VIREF Revista de Educación Física, 11(2), 106-118.
- Atkinson, P. (1997). Narrative turn or blind alley? Qualitative Health Research, 7, 325-344.
- Barnsley R. H., Thompson A.H., Legault P. Family planning: Football style. The relative age effect in football. Int Rev for the Soc of Sport, 1992; 27(1): 77-88
- Ba¨umler, G. (1996). The relative age effect in soccer and its interaction with chronological age. Paper presented at the Soccer Sport Science Symposium, Oberhaching, Germany. Cited in Musch & Grondin, 2001. Unequal competition as an impediment to personal development: A review of the relative age effect in sport. Developmental Review, 21, 147–167.
- Bayarslan, B., & Çevik, A. (2023). A Comparative Investigation of the "Relative Age Effect" Phenomenon in Champion Football National Team Squads. Fenerbahçe University Journal of Sports Sciences, 3(1), 44-56.
- Bennett, K. J., Novak, A. R., Fransen, J., & Duffield, R. (2023). The prevalence of relative age effects and the influence of the talent pool size on Australian male and female youth football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 1-9.
- Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative Analysis. London: SAGE.
- Delorme, N., Boiché, J., & Raspaud, M. (2010). Relative age effect in female sport: a diachronic examination of soccer players. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(3), 509-515.
- Delorme N., Raspaud M. The relative age effect in young French basketball players: A study on the whole population. Scand J Med Sci Spor, 2009; 19: 235-242
- Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2008). The Landscape of Qualitative Research, (Vol 1, pp.125-126). Sage.
- Gil, S. M., Bidaurrazaga-Letona, I., Martin-Garetxana, I., Lekue, J. A., & Larruskain, J. (2020). Does birth date influence career attainment in professional soccer?. Science and Medicine in Football, 4(2), 119-126.
- Gil, S. M., Badiola, A., Bidaurrazaga-Letona, I., Zabala-Lili, J., Gravina, L., Santos-Concejero, J., Lekue, J. A., Granados, C. Relationship between the relative age effect and anthropometry, maturity and performance in young soccer players. J Sport Sci, 2014; 32(5): 479-486
- Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2006). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. USA: Aldine Transaction.
- Goldschmied, N. (2011). No evidence for the relative age effect in professional women’s sports. Sports Medicine, 41, 87-88.
- Helsen, W. F., Baker, J. J., Michiels, S. S., Schorer, J. J., Van Winckel, J. J., Williams A. M. The relative age effect in European professional soccer: Did ten years of research make any difference? J Sport Sci, 2012; 30(15): 1,665-1,671
- Ilgar, M. Z., ve Ilgar, S. C. (2013). Embedded theory (Based Theory) as a qualitative research design.
- Jackson, R. C., & Comber, G. (2020). Hill on a mountaintop: A longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis of the relative age effect in competitive youth football. Journal of sports sciences, 38(11-12), 1352-1358.
- Maçkolik website (2023). (Available online at https://www.mackolik.com/ Retrieved on May 25, 2023)
- Mays, N., & Pope, C. (2000). Assessing quality in qualitative research. Bmj, 320(7226), 50-52.
- Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (2016). JS (2014). Qualitative data analysis: a methods sourcebook.
- Merriam, S. B. (2013). Turan, S. Editör (Eds.), Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation (1. Press., ss 250-280), Nobel Publications.
- Morgan, D. L., & Morgan, R. K. (2008). Single-case research methods for the behavioral and health sciences. (Vol 1, pp. 85-96), Sage publications.
- Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Pe´rez Jime´nez, I., & Pain, M. T. G. (2008). Relative age effect in Spanish association football: Its extent and implications for wasted potential. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(10), 995–1003.
- Sedano, S., Vaeyens, R., & Redondo, J. C. (2015). The relative age effect in Spanish female soccer players. Influence of the competitive level and a playing position. Journal of human kinetics, 46, 129.
- Simon, C., Carson, F., Faber, I. R., & Hülsdünker, T. (2022). Low prevalence of relative age effects in Luxembourg’s male and female youth football. Plos one, 17(8), e0273019.
- TFF official website (2023). (Available online at https://www.tff.org/ Retrieved on May 25, 2023).
- Till, K., Cobley, S., Wattie, N., O'hara, J., Cooke, C., & Chapman, C. (2010). The prevalence, influential factors and mechanisms of relative age effects in UK Rugby League. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 20(2), 320-329.
- UEFA official website (2023). (Available online at https://www.uefa.com/ Retrieved on May 25, 2023).
- Vaeyens, R., Philippaerts, R. M., & Malina, R. M. (2005). The relative age effect in soccer: A match-related perspective. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(7), 747–756.
- Vincent, J., & Glamser, F. D. (2006). Gender differences in the relative age effect among US Olympic Development Program youth soccer players. Journal of sports sciences, 24(4), 405-413.
- West, W. (2001). Beyond grounded theory: the use of a heuristic approach to qualitative research. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 1(2), 126-131.
- Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2013). Qualitative research methods in social sciences (9th Edition, pp. 120-145). Seçkin Publications.
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, 2022-2023 Sezonu Türkiye Kadın Süper Ligi ve 1. Ligi takımlarında forma giyen kadın futbolcuların göreceli yaş etkisi durumlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma grubunu; Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu’na bağlı kadın futbol liglerinde lisanslı oynayan kadın futbolcular oluştururken, örneklemini ise Kadın Futbol Süper Ligi ve 1. Ligi takımlarında yer alan oyuncular oluşturmuştur. Örneklem belirlenirken yoğunluk örneklem yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Yoğunluk örneklemi, olağandışının aksine araştırmaya konu edinilen ve en zengin bilgileri kapsayan örneklerdir. Yoğunluk örneklemini genellikle heuristik yaklaşımı içeren çalışmalar kullanmaktadır. Heuristik yaklaşım, bireylerin tecrübelerini araştıran kişi ile olgular arasındaki öznel ve yaratıcı ilişkiler kurabilmesini sağlayan tek araştırma yaklaşımı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Araştırmanın modelinde; “Temel Nitel Araştırma” tekniği, veri toplama aracında “Dökuman İncelemesi” metodu ve analizinde ise betimsel analiz biçimi olan Miles-Huberman analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışma, farklı beceri seviyeleri ve kronolojik yaştaki kadın futbolcular dikkate alınarak yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı kadın futbolcuların doğum tarihini karşılaştırmak olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın bulgular kısmında; 1552 kadın futbolcunun doğum tarihleri ortaya çıkarılmıştır. 863 kadın futbolcunun yılın ilk altı ayında 689 kadın futbolcunun ise yılın son altı ayında doğduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; 2022-2023 Kadın Futbol Süper Ligi ve 1. Ligi’nde yer alan takımların oyuncularında göreceli yaş etkisi durumundan etkilenme olduğu görülmüştür.
Keywords
References
- Augste C., Lames M. The relative age effect and success in German elite U-17 soccer teams. J Sport Sci, 2011; 29(9): 983-987
- Andrew, M., Finnegan, L., Datson, N., & Dugdale, J. H. (2022). Men Are from Quartile One, Women Are from? Relative Age Effect in European Soccer and the Influence of Age, Success, and Playing Status. Children, 9(11), 1747.
- Ari, Y., Tunçel, A., & Harbili, E. (2022). The examination of relative age effect in Turkey female’s first football league and place in success. VIREF Revista de Educación Física, 11(2), 106-118.
- Atkinson, P. (1997). Narrative turn or blind alley? Qualitative Health Research, 7, 325-344.
- Barnsley R. H., Thompson A.H., Legault P. Family planning: Football style. The relative age effect in football. Int Rev for the Soc of Sport, 1992; 27(1): 77-88
- Ba¨umler, G. (1996). The relative age effect in soccer and its interaction with chronological age. Paper presented at the Soccer Sport Science Symposium, Oberhaching, Germany. Cited in Musch & Grondin, 2001. Unequal competition as an impediment to personal development: A review of the relative age effect in sport. Developmental Review, 21, 147–167.
- Bayarslan, B., & Çevik, A. (2023). A Comparative Investigation of the "Relative Age Effect" Phenomenon in Champion Football National Team Squads. Fenerbahçe University Journal of Sports Sciences, 3(1), 44-56.
- Bennett, K. J., Novak, A. R., Fransen, J., & Duffield, R. (2023). The prevalence of relative age effects and the influence of the talent pool size on Australian male and female youth football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 1-9.
- Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative Analysis. London: SAGE.
- Delorme, N., Boiché, J., & Raspaud, M. (2010). Relative age effect in female sport: a diachronic examination of soccer players. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(3), 509-515.
- Delorme N., Raspaud M. The relative age effect in young French basketball players: A study on the whole population. Scand J Med Sci Spor, 2009; 19: 235-242
- Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2008). The Landscape of Qualitative Research, (Vol 1, pp.125-126). Sage.
- Gil, S. M., Bidaurrazaga-Letona, I., Martin-Garetxana, I., Lekue, J. A., & Larruskain, J. (2020). Does birth date influence career attainment in professional soccer?. Science and Medicine in Football, 4(2), 119-126.
- Gil, S. M., Badiola, A., Bidaurrazaga-Letona, I., Zabala-Lili, J., Gravina, L., Santos-Concejero, J., Lekue, J. A., Granados, C. Relationship between the relative age effect and anthropometry, maturity and performance in young soccer players. J Sport Sci, 2014; 32(5): 479-486
- Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2006). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. USA: Aldine Transaction.
- Goldschmied, N. (2011). No evidence for the relative age effect in professional women’s sports. Sports Medicine, 41, 87-88.
- Helsen, W. F., Baker, J. J., Michiels, S. S., Schorer, J. J., Van Winckel, J. J., Williams A. M. The relative age effect in European professional soccer: Did ten years of research make any difference? J Sport Sci, 2012; 30(15): 1,665-1,671
- Ilgar, M. Z., ve Ilgar, S. C. (2013). Embedded theory (Based Theory) as a qualitative research design.
- Jackson, R. C., & Comber, G. (2020). Hill on a mountaintop: A longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis of the relative age effect in competitive youth football. Journal of sports sciences, 38(11-12), 1352-1358.
- Maçkolik website (2023). (Available online at https://www.mackolik.com/ Retrieved on May 25, 2023)
- Mays, N., & Pope, C. (2000). Assessing quality in qualitative research. Bmj, 320(7226), 50-52.
- Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (2016). JS (2014). Qualitative data analysis: a methods sourcebook.
- Merriam, S. B. (2013). Turan, S. Editör (Eds.), Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation (1. Press., ss 250-280), Nobel Publications.
- Morgan, D. L., & Morgan, R. K. (2008). Single-case research methods for the behavioral and health sciences. (Vol 1, pp. 85-96), Sage publications.
- Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Pe´rez Jime´nez, I., & Pain, M. T. G. (2008). Relative age effect in Spanish association football: Its extent and implications for wasted potential. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(10), 995–1003.
- Sedano, S., Vaeyens, R., & Redondo, J. C. (2015). The relative age effect in Spanish female soccer players. Influence of the competitive level and a playing position. Journal of human kinetics, 46, 129.
- Simon, C., Carson, F., Faber, I. R., & Hülsdünker, T. (2022). Low prevalence of relative age effects in Luxembourg’s male and female youth football. Plos one, 17(8), e0273019.
- TFF official website (2023). (Available online at https://www.tff.org/ Retrieved on May 25, 2023).
- Till, K., Cobley, S., Wattie, N., O'hara, J., Cooke, C., & Chapman, C. (2010). The prevalence, influential factors and mechanisms of relative age effects in UK Rugby League. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 20(2), 320-329.
- UEFA official website (2023). (Available online at https://www.uefa.com/ Retrieved on May 25, 2023).
- Vaeyens, R., Philippaerts, R. M., & Malina, R. M. (2005). The relative age effect in soccer: A match-related perspective. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(7), 747–756.
- Vincent, J., & Glamser, F. D. (2006). Gender differences in the relative age effect among US Olympic Development Program youth soccer players. Journal of sports sciences, 24(4), 405-413.
- West, W. (2001). Beyond grounded theory: the use of a heuristic approach to qualitative research. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 1(2), 126-131.
- Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2013). Qualitative research methods in social sciences (9th Edition, pp. 120-145). Seçkin Publications.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Physical Fitness, Sports Activity Management |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | October 20, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 12 Issue: 4 |
