COVID-19 Pandemisinin Hastaneye Yatan Çocuklara Etkisi ve Pediatri Hemşiresinin Rolleri

Mukaddes Demir Acar; Şule Çiftci Ünal

Review

COVID-19 Pandemisinin Hastaneye Yatan Çocuklara Etkisi ve Pediatri Hemşiresinin Rolleri

Year 2022, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 202 - 210, 30.05.2022

Mukaddes Demir Acar Şule Çiftci Ünal

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada COVID-19 pandemi sürecinin akut ve kronik hastalık nedeniyle hastaneye yatırılan çocuk ve ebeveynlere etkisi ve pediatri hemşiresinin rollerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu derleme çalışmasında ulusal ve uluslararası veri tabanlarındaki araştırmalardan yararlanılmıştır.
Bulgular: COVID-19 pandemisi, 2020 yılında dünya genelinde hızla yayılmaya başlayarak hastanelerin bakım kapasitelerini zorlamıştır. Pandemi süreci, akut ve ya kronik hastalık nedeniyle hastaneye yatırılması gereken ebeveyn ve çocukları da etkilemektedir. Çocukların hem akut hem de kronik hastalıklar nedeniyle hastaneye yatırılması, ebeveynler ve çocuklar için stresli bir deneyimdir. Ek olarak pandemi sürecinde hastaneye yatırılan çocuklar ve ebeveynleri, ziyaretçi kısıtlaması, COVID-19 bulaşma korkusu ve medyada koronavirüs ile ilgili haberler nedeniyle yoğun düzeyde anksiyete yaşamaktadır. Hemşireler hastanede yatan çocuğa bakım verirken sadece fiziksel olarak değil psikososyal olarak da bütüncül hemşirelik bakımı vermelidir. Çünkü hemşireler, hastanede yatan çocukların duyulduklarını, anlaşıldıklarını ve saygı duyulduğunu hissettikleri bir ortam yaratmak için eşsiz bir konumdadır. Aile merkezli bakım, hastane ortamında ebeveynlerin ve çocukların ihtiyaç ve beklentilerini karşılamada en iyi bakım felsefesidir. Bu kavramı benimseyen pediatri hemşireleri, ailenin çocuğun iyileşmesi için gerekli olduğunu ve çocuğun fiziksel, duygusal ve ruhsal ihtiyaçlarını karşılamada önemli bir rol oynadığını kuvvetle kabul eder. Ancak, Covid-19 pandemi sürecinin, çocuk sağlığı profesyonel ekibinin aile merkezli bakım sağlama becerisini de sekteye uğrattığı bildirilmiştir.
Sonuç: Hemşireler, COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde hastanede yatan çocuk ve ebeveynlerin duygularının farkında olmalıdır. Fiziksel bakımın yanı sıra çocuk ve ailenin psikososyal yönden de ihtiyaçlarının bilinmesi, çocuk ve ailenin bütüncül olarak değerlendirilmesi, aile merkezli bakım sunulması ve konu ile ilgili araştırmalar yapılması önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Aile Merkezli Bakım, COVID-19 Pandemisi, Çocuk, Hastane, Hemşirelik Bakımı

References

1. Phua J, Weng L, Ling L, Egi M, Lim C, Divatia JV, et al. Intensive care management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges and recommendations. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(5): 506-517.
2. Nijman RG. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child health. Journal of Laboratory Medicine. 2021;45(6): 249-258.
3. Kuitunen I, Artama M, Mäkelä L, Backman K, Heiskanen-Kosma T, Renko M. Effect of social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of viral respiratory tract infections in children in Finland during early 2020. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2020; 39(12): e423-e427.
4. Markham JL, Richardson T, DePorre A, Teufel RJ, Hersh AL, Fleegler EW, et al. Inpatient use and outcomes at children’s hospitals during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatrics. 2021; 147(6): e2020044735.
5. Conlon C, McDonnell T, Barrett M, Cummins F, Deasy C, Hensey C, et al. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child health and the provision of care in paediatric emergency departments: a qualitative study of frontline emergency care staff. BMC Health Services Research. 2021; 21(1): 1-11.
6. Atout M, Tarawneh FS, Al-Kharabsheh A. Challenges faced by mothers caring for children with leukaemia during COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2021; 58: e74-e80.
7. Pars H. Children in COVID-19 pandemic and the roles of pediatric nurses. Journal of Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing. 2020; 7:66-75.
8. Peck JL. COVID-19: Impacts and implications for pediatric practice. J Pediatr Health Care. 2020;34 (6): 619-629.
9. Aközlü Z, Şahin ÖÖ. COVID-19 pandemisinde sağlık hizmetlerine erişim: çocuk sağlığı nasıl etkilendi?. Çocuk Dergisi. 2021; 21(2): 149-156.
10. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(5): 1729.
11. Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020; 579(7798): 270-273.
12. Perlman S. Another decade, another coronavirus. New England Journal of Medicine, 2020; 382(8): 760-762.
13. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet. 2020; 395(10227): 912-920.
14. Poppe M, Aguiar B, Sousa R, Oom P. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s health in Portugal: The parental perspective. Acta Med Port. 2021; 34(5):355-61.
15. Kotecha RS. Challenges posed by COVID-19 to children with cancer. The Lancet Oncology. 2020; 21(5): e235.
16. Odeh R, Gharaibeh L, Daher A, Kussad S, Alassaf A. Caring for a child with type 1 diabetes during COVID-19 lockdown in a developing country: challenges and parents’ perspectives on the use of telemedicine. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2020;168: 108393.
17. Krasovsky T, Silberg T, Barak S, Eisenstein E, Erez N, Feldman, et al. Transition to multidisciplinary pediatric telerehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: strategy development and ımplementation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(4): 1484.
18. Summers J, Baribeau D, Mockford M, Goldhopf L, Ambrozewicz P, Szatmari P, et al. Supporting children with neurodevelopmental disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2021; 60(1): 2-6.
19. Eshraghi AA, Li C, Alessandri M, Messinger DS, Eshraghi RS, Mittal R, et al. COVID-19: overcoming the challenges faced by individuals with autism and their families. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(6): 481-483.
20. Fegert JM, Vitiello B, Plener PL, Clemens V. Challenges and burden of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for child and adolescent mental health: a narrative review to highlight clinical and research needs in the acute phase and the long return to normality. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. 2020;14: 1-11.
21. Karimivand F. Covid-19 ve sosyo-ekonomik sonuçları: literatür incelemesi. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021; 5(1): 47-61.
22. Tekin Y. Koronavirüs salgınında çocukların aile içi şiddetten korunması. Türkiye İnsan Hakları ve Eşitlik Kurumu Akademik Dergisi, 2021; 4 (7): 209-232 .
23. Konuk Sener D, Karaca A. Mutual expectations of mothers of hospitalized children and pediatric nurses who provided care: oualitative study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2017; 34: e22-e28.
24. Kabukcu Basay B, Basay O, Urut A, Hasmercan B, Uysal M, Eren Usul B. Hospitalized children: A study on the factors affecting psychosocial adjustment. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2020; 23 (4): 402-413.
25. Yuan R, Xu QH, Xia CC, Lou CY, Xie Z, Ge QM, et al. Psychological status of parents of hospitalized children during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychiatry Research. 2020; 288: 112953.
26. Goldschmidt K, Mele C. Disruption of patient and family centered care through the COVID 19 pandemic. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2021; 58: 102-103.
27. Ayakdas Daglı D, Buyukbayram A, Baysan Arabacı L. A psychosocial approach on patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and their families. Izmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal. 2020; 5(2): 191-195.
28. Koçak Z. Harmancı H. Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde ailede ruh sağlığı. Karatay Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2020; (5): 183-207.
29. Çavuşoğlu H. Pediatric Nursing. 13. Baskı. The effects of hospitalization on the child and family. Ankara: Sistem Ofset; 2019.
30. Semerci R, Akgun Kostak M, Cetintas I, Kocaaslan EN. Assessment of nursing care quality from child's perspective. Ordu University Journal of Nursing Studies. 2021; 4(1): 39-47.
31. Oztürk C, Ayar D. Family-centered care in pediatric nursing. Dokuz Eylul University E-Journal of Nursing Faculty. 2014; 7:315-320.
32. Hart JL,Turnbull AE. Oppenheim IM, Courtright KR. Family-centered care during the COVID-19 era. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2020;60(2):e93-e97.

The Effect Of The Covıd-19 Pandemic On Hospitalized Children And Pediatric Nurse’s Roles

Year 2022, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 202 - 210, 30.05.2022

Mukaddes Demir Acar Şule Çiftci Ünal

Abstract

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic process on children and parents hospitalized for acute and chronic diseases and the roles of pediatric nurses.
Materials and Methods: In this review study, studies in national and international databases were used.
Results: The COVID-19 pandemic started to spread rapidly around the world in 2020, forcing the care capacities of hospitals. The pandemic process also affects parents and children who need to be hospitalized due to acute or chronic illness. Hospitalization of children for both acute and chronic illnesses is a stressful experience for parents and child. In addition, children hospitalized during the pandemic and their parents experience intense anxiety due to visitor restriction, fear of COVID-19 contamination, and news about coronavirus in the media. Nurses should provide holistic nursing care not only physically but also psychosocially while caring for the hospitalized child. Because nurses are in a unique position to create an environment where hospitalized children feel heard, understood and respected. Family-centered care is the best care philosophy in meeting the needs and expectations of parents and children in a hospital setting. Adopting this concept, pediatric nurses strongly acknowledge that the family is essential for the child's recovery and plays an important role in meeting the child's physical, emotional and spiritual needs. However, it has been reported that the COVID-19 pandemic process has also hampered the child health professional team's ability to provide family-centered care.
Conclusion: Nurses should be aware of the feelings of hospitalized children and parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to physical care, it is recommended to know the psychosocial needs of the child and family, to evaluate the child and family holistically, to provide family-centered care and to conduct research on the subject.

Keywords

COVID-19 Pandemic; Child, Family-centered Care; Hospital; Nursing Care.

References

1. Phua J, Weng L, Ling L, Egi M, Lim C, Divatia JV, et al. Intensive care management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges and recommendations. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(5): 506-517.
2. Nijman RG. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child health. Journal of Laboratory Medicine. 2021;45(6): 249-258.
3. Kuitunen I, Artama M, Mäkelä L, Backman K, Heiskanen-Kosma T, Renko M. Effect of social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of viral respiratory tract infections in children in Finland during early 2020. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2020; 39(12): e423-e427.
4. Markham JL, Richardson T, DePorre A, Teufel RJ, Hersh AL, Fleegler EW, et al. Inpatient use and outcomes at children’s hospitals during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatrics. 2021; 147(6): e2020044735.
5. Conlon C, McDonnell T, Barrett M, Cummins F, Deasy C, Hensey C, et al. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child health and the provision of care in paediatric emergency departments: a qualitative study of frontline emergency care staff. BMC Health Services Research. 2021; 21(1): 1-11.
6. Atout M, Tarawneh FS, Al-Kharabsheh A. Challenges faced by mothers caring for children with leukaemia during COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2021; 58: e74-e80.
7. Pars H. Children in COVID-19 pandemic and the roles of pediatric nurses. Journal of Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing. 2020; 7:66-75.
8. Peck JL. COVID-19: Impacts and implications for pediatric practice. J Pediatr Health Care. 2020;34 (6): 619-629.
9. Aközlü Z, Şahin ÖÖ. COVID-19 pandemisinde sağlık hizmetlerine erişim: çocuk sağlığı nasıl etkilendi?. Çocuk Dergisi. 2021; 21(2): 149-156.
10. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(5): 1729.
11. Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020; 579(7798): 270-273.
12. Perlman S. Another decade, another coronavirus. New England Journal of Medicine, 2020; 382(8): 760-762.
13. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet. 2020; 395(10227): 912-920.
14. Poppe M, Aguiar B, Sousa R, Oom P. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s health in Portugal: The parental perspective. Acta Med Port. 2021; 34(5):355-61.
15. Kotecha RS. Challenges posed by COVID-19 to children with cancer. The Lancet Oncology. 2020; 21(5): e235.
16. Odeh R, Gharaibeh L, Daher A, Kussad S, Alassaf A. Caring for a child with type 1 diabetes during COVID-19 lockdown in a developing country: challenges and parents’ perspectives on the use of telemedicine. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2020;168: 108393.
17. Krasovsky T, Silberg T, Barak S, Eisenstein E, Erez N, Feldman, et al. Transition to multidisciplinary pediatric telerehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: strategy development and ımplementation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(4): 1484.
18. Summers J, Baribeau D, Mockford M, Goldhopf L, Ambrozewicz P, Szatmari P, et al. Supporting children with neurodevelopmental disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2021; 60(1): 2-6.
19. Eshraghi AA, Li C, Alessandri M, Messinger DS, Eshraghi RS, Mittal R, et al. COVID-19: overcoming the challenges faced by individuals with autism and their families. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(6): 481-483.
20. Fegert JM, Vitiello B, Plener PL, Clemens V. Challenges and burden of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for child and adolescent mental health: a narrative review to highlight clinical and research needs in the acute phase and the long return to normality. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. 2020;14: 1-11.
21. Karimivand F. Covid-19 ve sosyo-ekonomik sonuçları: literatür incelemesi. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021; 5(1): 47-61.
22. Tekin Y. Koronavirüs salgınında çocukların aile içi şiddetten korunması. Türkiye İnsan Hakları ve Eşitlik Kurumu Akademik Dergisi, 2021; 4 (7): 209-232 .
23. Konuk Sener D, Karaca A. Mutual expectations of mothers of hospitalized children and pediatric nurses who provided care: oualitative study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2017; 34: e22-e28.
24. Kabukcu Basay B, Basay O, Urut A, Hasmercan B, Uysal M, Eren Usul B. Hospitalized children: A study on the factors affecting psychosocial adjustment. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2020; 23 (4): 402-413.
25. Yuan R, Xu QH, Xia CC, Lou CY, Xie Z, Ge QM, et al. Psychological status of parents of hospitalized children during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychiatry Research. 2020; 288: 112953.
26. Goldschmidt K, Mele C. Disruption of patient and family centered care through the COVID 19 pandemic. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2021; 58: 102-103.
27. Ayakdas Daglı D, Buyukbayram A, Baysan Arabacı L. A psychosocial approach on patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and their families. Izmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal. 2020; 5(2): 191-195.
28. Koçak Z. Harmancı H. Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde ailede ruh sağlığı. Karatay Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2020; (5): 183-207.
29. Çavuşoğlu H. Pediatric Nursing. 13. Baskı. The effects of hospitalization on the child and family. Ankara: Sistem Ofset; 2019.
30. Semerci R, Akgun Kostak M, Cetintas I, Kocaaslan EN. Assessment of nursing care quality from child's perspective. Ordu University Journal of Nursing Studies. 2021; 4(1): 39-47.
31. Oztürk C, Ayar D. Family-centered care in pediatric nursing. Dokuz Eylul University E-Journal of Nursing Faculty. 2014; 7:315-320.
32. Hart JL,Turnbull AE. Oppenheim IM, Courtright KR. Family-centered care during the COVID-19 era. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2020;60(2):e93-e97.

There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Primary Health Care
Journal Section	Derlemeler
Authors	Mukaddes Demir Acar 0000-0002-6376-2171 Şule Çiftci Ünal 0000-0003-3307-7488
Publication Date	May 30, 2022
Submission Date	December 30, 2021
Published in Issue	Year 2022 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver	Demir Acar M, Çiftci Ünal Ş. COVID-19 Pandemisinin Hastaneye Yatan Çocuklara Etkisi ve Pediatri Hemşiresinin Rolleri. TOGÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;2(2):202-10.

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