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Relationship Between Prebiotics-Probiotics and Diabetes Mellitus

Year 2017, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 149 - 156, 30.06.2017

Hülya Kamarlı Altun Emine Akal Yıldız

Abstract

The gut microbiota is a key organ in nutritional metabolism, and nutrition is an important factor that directly affects the gut microbiota. As a result of malnutrition, the balance of the bacterial population in the microbiota is disrupted and while the number of Bifidobacterium, one of the beneficial bacteria, decreases, the number of Firmicutes increases. This change in the balance leads to an increase in the intestinal permeability, a decrease in ghrelin hormone and an increase in endotoxin, with an increase in Glucagon-like Peptide-1, Glucagon-like Peptide-2, and Pancreatic Peptide YY in the blood. These hormonal changes and endotoxemia lead to an increase in lipogenesis, fat mass, inflammation, and macrophage infiltration in the target organs and a decrease in the insulin sensitivity, beta cell mass, and insulin, laying the groundwork for the formation of metabolic diseases. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and intestinal diseases may occur due to this disorder in the microbiota. Nutrition is the key for the regulation of the gut microbiota and in the recent studies it is stated that the gut flora can be restored due to the probiotic and prebiotic administration. Probiotics and prebiotics are effective in reducing exogenic diseases, inhibiting the inflammation, and improving the antioxidant defense, maintaining blood glucose regulation by improving the insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell functions, and in balancing the blood lipid profile and ensuring weight control in diabetic patients.

Keywords

Diabetes Mellitus microbiota prebiotic probiotic

References

  • Aliasgharzadeh A, Dehghan P, Gargari BP, Asghari-Jafarabadi M. 2015. Resistant Dextrin, as a Prebiotic, Improves Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Women With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial. Br J Nutr, 113: 321-30.
  • Altuntaş Y. 2001. Her Yönüyle Diabetes Mellitus. Nobel Tıp Kitabevi, İstanbul.
  • Andreasen AS, Larsen N, Pedersen-Skovsgaard T, Berg RM, Moller K, et al. 2010. Effects of Lactobacillus Acidophilus NCFM on Insulin Sensitivity and The Systemic Inflammatory Response in Human Subjects. Br J Nutr, 104: 1831-8.
  • Asemi Z, Khorrami-Rad A, Alizadeh SA, Shakeri H, Esmaillzadeh A. 2014. Effects of Synbiotic Food Consumption on Metabolic Status of Diabetic Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Cross-over Controlled Clinical Trial. Clin Nutr, 33: 198-203.
  • Bennett PH, Knowler WC. 2008. Joslin’s Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus ve Glikoz Homeostazının Tanımı, Teşhisi ve Sınıflandırılması. İstanbul Medikal Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • Çoşkun T. 2014. Teoriden Kliniğe Prebiyotikler Probiyotikler. Probiyotikler/ Prebiyotikler. Akademi Yayınevi, İstanbul.
  • Dastjerdi MS, Salehioun M, Najafian A, Amini M. 2007. A Randomized Controlled Study for Evaluation of Psyllium Effects on Kinetics of Carbohydrate Absorption. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 12: 125-30.
  • Ejtahed HS, Mohtadi-Nia J, Homayouni-Rad A, Niafar M, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Mofid V. 2012. Probiotic Yogurt Improves Antioxidant Status in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Nutrition, 28: 539-43.
  • Everard A, Lazarevic V, Derrien M, Girard M, Muccioli GG, et al. 2011. Responses of Gut Microbiota and Glucose and Lipid Metabolism to Prebiotics in Genetic Obese and Diet-induced Leptin-Resistant Mice. Diabetes, 60: 2775-86.
  • Feinglos MN, Gibb RD, Ramsey DL, Surwit RS, McRorie JW. 2013. Psyllium Improves Glycemic Control in Patients With Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre, 1: 156-61.
  • Feizollahzadeh S, Ghiasvand R, Rezaei A, Khanahmad H, Sadeghi A, Hariri M. 2017. Effect of Probiotic Soy Milk on Serum Levels of Adiponectin, Inflammatory Mediators, Lipid Profile, and Fasting Blood Glucose Among Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins, 9: 41-47.
  • Figueroa-Gonzalez I, Quijano G, Ramirez G, Cruz-Guerrero A. 2011. Probiotics and Prebiotics-Perspectives and Challenges. J Sci Food Agric, 91: 1341-8.
  • Gargari BP, Namazi N, Khalili M, Sarmadi B, Jafarabadi MA, Dehghan P. 2015. Is There Any Place for Resistant Starch, as Alimentary Prebiotic, for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Complement Ther Med, 23: 810-5.
  • Goldin BR, Gorbach SL. 2008. Clinical Indications for Probiotics: An Overview. Clin Infect Dis, 46 (2): 96-100.
  • Gomes AC, Bueno AA, de Souza RG, Mota JF. 2014. Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Diabetes. Nutr J, 13: 60.
  • Hosseinzadeh P, Javanbakht MH, Mostafavi SA, Djalali M, Derakhshanian H, et al. 2013. Brewer's Yeast Improves Glycemic Indices in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Prev Med, 4: 1131-8.
  • Huys G, Botteldoorn N, Delvigne F, De Vuyst L, Heyndrickx M, et al. 2013. Microbial Characterization of Probiotics-Advisory Report of the Working Group "8651 Probiotics" of the Belgian Superior Health Council (SHC). Mol Nutr Food Res, 57: 1479-504.
  • Idzior-Waluś B, Waluś-Miarka, M. 2015. Is Now the Time for Probiotics in Diabetes Management. Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej, 125.
  • Kelly G. 2008. Inulin-Type Prebiotics-A Review: Part 1. Altern Med Rev, 13: 315-29.
  • Kelly G. 2009. Inulin-Type Prebiotics-A Review. (Part 2). Altern Med Rev, 14: 36-55.
  • Kooshki AA, Tofighiyan T, Rakhshani HM. 2015. Effects of Synbiotics on Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Global Journal of Health Science, 7.
  • Lilly DM, Stillwell RH. 1965. Probiotics: Growth-Promoting Factors Produced by Microorganisms. Science, 147: 747-8.
  • Marik PE. 2012. Colonic Flora, Probiotics, Obesity and Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 3: 87.
  • Marteau P, Seksik P, Lepage P, Dore J. 2004. Cellular and Physiological Effects of Probiotics and Prebiotics. Mini Rev Med Chem, 4: 889-96.
  • Mazloom Z, Yousefinejad A, Dabbaghmanesh MH. 2013. Effect of Probiotics on Lipid Profile, Glycemic Control, Insulin Action, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Clinical Trial. Iran J Med Sci, 38: 38-43.
  • Mirmiran P, Bahadoran Z, Azizi F. 2014. Functional Foods-Based Diet as a Novel Dietary Approach for Management of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Complications: A Review. World J Diabetes, 5: 267-81.
  • Mizock BA. 2015. Probiotics. Dis Mon, 61: 259-90.
  • Mohamadshahi M, Veissi M, Haidari F, Javid AZ, Mohammadi F, Shirbeigi E. 2014. Effects of Probiotic Yogurt Consumption on Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J Res Med Sci, 19: 531-6.
  • Mohamadshahi M, Veissi M, Haidari F, Shahbazian H, Kaydani GA, Mohammadi F. 2014. Effects of Probiotic Yogurt Consumption on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Bioimpacts, 4: 83-8.
  • Moroti C, Souza Magri LF, de Rezende Costa M, Cavallini DC, Sivieri K. 2012. Effect of the Consumption of A New Symbiotic Shake on Glycemia and Cholesterol Level in Elderly People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Lipids Health Dis., 11:29.
  • Nagpal R, Kumar A, Kumar M, Behare PV, Jain S. Yadav H. 2012. Probiotics, Their Health Benefits and Applications for Developing Healthier Foods: A Review. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 334: 1-15.
  • Naydenov K, Anastasov A, Avramova M, Mindov I, Tacheva T, et al. 2012. Probiotics and Diabetes Mellitus. Trakia Journal of Sciences 10: 300-06.
  • Ostadrahimi A, Taghizadeh A, Mobasseri M, Farrin N, Payahoo L, et al. 2015. Effect of Probiotic Fermented Milk (kefir) on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Iran J Public Health, 44: 228-37
  • Panwar H, Rashmi HM, Batish VK, Grover S. 2013. 'Probiotics as Potential Biotherapeutics in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes – Prospects and Perspectives. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 29: 103-12.
  • Parkes GC. 2007. An Overview of Probiotics and Prebiotics. Nurs Stand, 21: 43-7.
  • Pineiro M, Asp NG, Reid G, Macfarlane S, Morelli L, et al. 2008. FAO Technical Meeting on Prebiotics. J Clin Gastroenterol, 42 (3):156-9.
  • Sanders ME, Guarner F, Mills D, Pot B, Rafter J, Rastall B, et al. 2005. Selected Topics in Probiotics and Prebiotics: Meeting Report for the 2004 International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics. Curr Issues Intest Microbiol, 6: 55-68.
  • Sangwan V, Tomar SK, Singh RR, Singh AK, Ali B. 2011. Galactooligosaccharides: Novel Components of Designer Foods. J Food Sci, 76: 103-11.
  • Sekhon BS, Jairath S. 2010. Prebiotics, Probiotics and Synbiotics: An Overview. J Pharm Educ Res, 1.
  • Senok AC, Ismaeel AY, Botta GA. 2005. Probiotics: Facts and Myths. Clin Microbiol Infect, 11: 958-66.
  • Shane-McWhorter L. 2012. Dietary Supplements and Probiotics for Diabetes. Am J Nurs, 112: 47-53.
  • Slavin J. 2013. Fiber and Prebiotics: Mechanisms and Health Benefits. Nutrients, 5: 1417-35.
  • Soccol CR, Sauza Vandenberghe LP, Spier MR, Pedroni Medeiros AB, Yamaguishi CT, et al. 2010. The Potential of Probiotics: A Review. Food Technol. Biotechnol., 48: 413-34.
  • Tonnucci LB, Olbrich dos Santos KM, Oliveria LL, Rocha Ribeiro SM, Martino HS. 2017. Clinical Application of Probiotics in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Clinical Nutrition, 36: 85-92.
  • Tsukumo DM, Carvalho BM, Carvalho-Filho MA, Saad JM. 2009. Translational Research into Gut Microbiota: New Horizons in Obesity Treatment. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol, 53: 139-44.
  • Türk Gıda Kodeksi Fermente Süt Ürünleri Tebliği. 2009/25. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı.
  • Türkiye Diyabet Önleme ve Kontrol Programı. 2011. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlügü, Ankara.
  • Upadhyay N, Moudgal V. 2012. Probiotics: A Review. J Clin Outcomes Manage 19: 76-84.
  • Williams NT. 2010. Probiotics. Am J Health Syst Pharm, 67: 449-58.
  • World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines. 2017. Probiotics and Prebiotics.
  • Yadav H, Jain S, Sinha PR. 2007a. Antidiabetic Effect of Probiotic Dahi Containing Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Lactobacillus Casei in High Fructose Fed Rats. Nutrition, 23: 62-8.
  • Yadav H, Jain S, Sinha PR. 2007b. Formation of Oligosaccharides in Skim Milk Fermented with Mixed Dahi Cultures, Lactococcus Lactis ssp Diacetylactis and Probiotic Strains of Lactobacilli. J Dairy Res, 74: 154-9.
  • Yadav H, Jain S, Sinha PR. 2008. Oral Administration of Dahi Containing Probiotic Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Lactobacillus Casei Delayed the Progression of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats. J Dairy Res, 75: 189-95.
  • Yoo JY, Kim SS. 2016. Probiotics and Prebiotics: Present Status and Future Perspectives on Metabolic Disorders. Nutrients 8.
  • Yun SI, Park HO, Kang JH. 2009. Effect of Lactobacillus Gasseri BNR17 on Blood Glucose Levels and Body Weight in A Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes. J Appl Microbiol, 107: 1681-6.
  • Ziai SA, Larijani B, Akhoonzadeh S, Fakhrzadeh H, Dastpak A, Bandarian F. et al. 2005. Psyllium Decreased Serum Glucose and Glycosylated Hemoglobin Significantly in Diabetic Outpatients. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 102: 202-07.

Prebiyotikler ve Probiyotiklerin Diyabet ile İlişkisi

Year 2017, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 149 - 156, 30.06.2017

Hülya Kamarlı Altun Emine Akal Yıldız

Abstract



Barsak mikrobiyotası beslenme metabolizmasında kilit organdır ve beslenme de barsak mikrobiyotasını doğrudan etkileyen önemli bir faktördür. Yanlış beslenme sonucunda mikrobiyotadaki bakteri popülasyonunun dengesi bozulmakta; yararlı bakterilerden Bifidobacterium’un sayısı azalırken, Firmicutes sayısı artmaktadır. Bu dengenin değişmesi de barsak geçirgenliğinde artışa, kanda Glukagon Benzeri Peptid-1, Glukagon Benzeri Peptid-2 ve pankreatik Peptid YY’nin artışı ile ghrelin hormonunun azalmasına ve endotoksin artışına neden olmaktadır. Bu hormonal değişiklikler ve endotoksemi ise hedef organlarda lipogenez, yağ kütlesi, inflamasyon ve makrofaj inflitrasyonunda artış; insülin duyarlılığı, beta hücre kütlesi ve insülinde ise azalmaya neden olarak metabolik hastalıkların oluşumuna zemin hazırlamaktadır. Mikrobiyotada meydana gelen bu bozukluk da karşımıza obezite, metabolik sendrom, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, Tip 2 Diabetes Mellitus ve barsak hastalıkları gibi kronik hastalıkları çıkarmaktadır. Barsak mikrobiyotasının düzenlenmesi için esas olan beslenmedir ve son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarla probiyotik ve prebiyotik müdahaleleri ile barsak florasının eski haline getirilebileceği belirtilmektedir. Probiyotikler ve prebiyotikler dış kaynaklı hastalıkları azaltmada, inflamasyonu inhibe etmede ve diyabetik hastalarda antioksidan savunmayı düzeltmede, insülin duyarlılığını ve pankreas β-hücre fonksiyonlarını iyileştirerek kan şekeri regülasyonunu sağlamada, kan lipid profilini dengelemede ve kilo kontrolünü sağlamada etkilidir.



Keywords

Diabetes Mellitus prebiyotik probiyotik mikrobiyota probiyotik

References

  • Aliasgharzadeh A, Dehghan P, Gargari BP, Asghari-Jafarabadi M. 2015. Resistant Dextrin, as a Prebiotic, Improves Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Women With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial. Br J Nutr, 113: 321-30.
  • Altuntaş Y. 2001. Her Yönüyle Diabetes Mellitus. Nobel Tıp Kitabevi, İstanbul.
  • Andreasen AS, Larsen N, Pedersen-Skovsgaard T, Berg RM, Moller K, et al. 2010. Effects of Lactobacillus Acidophilus NCFM on Insulin Sensitivity and The Systemic Inflammatory Response in Human Subjects. Br J Nutr, 104: 1831-8.
  • Asemi Z, Khorrami-Rad A, Alizadeh SA, Shakeri H, Esmaillzadeh A. 2014. Effects of Synbiotic Food Consumption on Metabolic Status of Diabetic Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Cross-over Controlled Clinical Trial. Clin Nutr, 33: 198-203.
  • Bennett PH, Knowler WC. 2008. Joslin’s Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus ve Glikoz Homeostazının Tanımı, Teşhisi ve Sınıflandırılması. İstanbul Medikal Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • Çoşkun T. 2014. Teoriden Kliniğe Prebiyotikler Probiyotikler. Probiyotikler/ Prebiyotikler. Akademi Yayınevi, İstanbul.
  • Dastjerdi MS, Salehioun M, Najafian A, Amini M. 2007. A Randomized Controlled Study for Evaluation of Psyllium Effects on Kinetics of Carbohydrate Absorption. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 12: 125-30.
  • Ejtahed HS, Mohtadi-Nia J, Homayouni-Rad A, Niafar M, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Mofid V. 2012. Probiotic Yogurt Improves Antioxidant Status in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Nutrition, 28: 539-43.
  • Everard A, Lazarevic V, Derrien M, Girard M, Muccioli GG, et al. 2011. Responses of Gut Microbiota and Glucose and Lipid Metabolism to Prebiotics in Genetic Obese and Diet-induced Leptin-Resistant Mice. Diabetes, 60: 2775-86.
  • Feinglos MN, Gibb RD, Ramsey DL, Surwit RS, McRorie JW. 2013. Psyllium Improves Glycemic Control in Patients With Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre, 1: 156-61.
  • Feizollahzadeh S, Ghiasvand R, Rezaei A, Khanahmad H, Sadeghi A, Hariri M. 2017. Effect of Probiotic Soy Milk on Serum Levels of Adiponectin, Inflammatory Mediators, Lipid Profile, and Fasting Blood Glucose Among Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins, 9: 41-47.
  • Figueroa-Gonzalez I, Quijano G, Ramirez G, Cruz-Guerrero A. 2011. Probiotics and Prebiotics-Perspectives and Challenges. J Sci Food Agric, 91: 1341-8.
  • Gargari BP, Namazi N, Khalili M, Sarmadi B, Jafarabadi MA, Dehghan P. 2015. Is There Any Place for Resistant Starch, as Alimentary Prebiotic, for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Complement Ther Med, 23: 810-5.
  • Goldin BR, Gorbach SL. 2008. Clinical Indications for Probiotics: An Overview. Clin Infect Dis, 46 (2): 96-100.
  • Gomes AC, Bueno AA, de Souza RG, Mota JF. 2014. Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Diabetes. Nutr J, 13: 60.
  • Hosseinzadeh P, Javanbakht MH, Mostafavi SA, Djalali M, Derakhshanian H, et al. 2013. Brewer's Yeast Improves Glycemic Indices in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Prev Med, 4: 1131-8.
  • Huys G, Botteldoorn N, Delvigne F, De Vuyst L, Heyndrickx M, et al. 2013. Microbial Characterization of Probiotics-Advisory Report of the Working Group "8651 Probiotics" of the Belgian Superior Health Council (SHC). Mol Nutr Food Res, 57: 1479-504.
  • Idzior-Waluś B, Waluś-Miarka, M. 2015. Is Now the Time for Probiotics in Diabetes Management. Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej, 125.
  • Kelly G. 2008. Inulin-Type Prebiotics-A Review: Part 1. Altern Med Rev, 13: 315-29.
  • Kelly G. 2009. Inulin-Type Prebiotics-A Review. (Part 2). Altern Med Rev, 14: 36-55.
  • Kooshki AA, Tofighiyan T, Rakhshani HM. 2015. Effects of Synbiotics on Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Global Journal of Health Science, 7.
  • Lilly DM, Stillwell RH. 1965. Probiotics: Growth-Promoting Factors Produced by Microorganisms. Science, 147: 747-8.
  • Marik PE. 2012. Colonic Flora, Probiotics, Obesity and Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 3: 87.
  • Marteau P, Seksik P, Lepage P, Dore J. 2004. Cellular and Physiological Effects of Probiotics and Prebiotics. Mini Rev Med Chem, 4: 889-96.
  • Mazloom Z, Yousefinejad A, Dabbaghmanesh MH. 2013. Effect of Probiotics on Lipid Profile, Glycemic Control, Insulin Action, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Clinical Trial. Iran J Med Sci, 38: 38-43.
  • Mirmiran P, Bahadoran Z, Azizi F. 2014. Functional Foods-Based Diet as a Novel Dietary Approach for Management of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Complications: A Review. World J Diabetes, 5: 267-81.
  • Mizock BA. 2015. Probiotics. Dis Mon, 61: 259-90.
  • Mohamadshahi M, Veissi M, Haidari F, Javid AZ, Mohammadi F, Shirbeigi E. 2014. Effects of Probiotic Yogurt Consumption on Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J Res Med Sci, 19: 531-6.
  • Mohamadshahi M, Veissi M, Haidari F, Shahbazian H, Kaydani GA, Mohammadi F. 2014. Effects of Probiotic Yogurt Consumption on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Bioimpacts, 4: 83-8.
  • Moroti C, Souza Magri LF, de Rezende Costa M, Cavallini DC, Sivieri K. 2012. Effect of the Consumption of A New Symbiotic Shake on Glycemia and Cholesterol Level in Elderly People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Lipids Health Dis., 11:29.
  • Nagpal R, Kumar A, Kumar M, Behare PV, Jain S. Yadav H. 2012. Probiotics, Their Health Benefits and Applications for Developing Healthier Foods: A Review. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 334: 1-15.
  • Naydenov K, Anastasov A, Avramova M, Mindov I, Tacheva T, et al. 2012. Probiotics and Diabetes Mellitus. Trakia Journal of Sciences 10: 300-06.
  • Ostadrahimi A, Taghizadeh A, Mobasseri M, Farrin N, Payahoo L, et al. 2015. Effect of Probiotic Fermented Milk (kefir) on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Iran J Public Health, 44: 228-37
  • Panwar H, Rashmi HM, Batish VK, Grover S. 2013. 'Probiotics as Potential Biotherapeutics in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes – Prospects and Perspectives. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 29: 103-12.
  • Parkes GC. 2007. An Overview of Probiotics and Prebiotics. Nurs Stand, 21: 43-7.
  • Pineiro M, Asp NG, Reid G, Macfarlane S, Morelli L, et al. 2008. FAO Technical Meeting on Prebiotics. J Clin Gastroenterol, 42 (3):156-9.
  • Sanders ME, Guarner F, Mills D, Pot B, Rafter J, Rastall B, et al. 2005. Selected Topics in Probiotics and Prebiotics: Meeting Report for the 2004 International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics. Curr Issues Intest Microbiol, 6: 55-68.
  • Sangwan V, Tomar SK, Singh RR, Singh AK, Ali B. 2011. Galactooligosaccharides: Novel Components of Designer Foods. J Food Sci, 76: 103-11.
  • Sekhon BS, Jairath S. 2010. Prebiotics, Probiotics and Synbiotics: An Overview. J Pharm Educ Res, 1.
  • Senok AC, Ismaeel AY, Botta GA. 2005. Probiotics: Facts and Myths. Clin Microbiol Infect, 11: 958-66.
  • Shane-McWhorter L. 2012. Dietary Supplements and Probiotics for Diabetes. Am J Nurs, 112: 47-53.
  • Slavin J. 2013. Fiber and Prebiotics: Mechanisms and Health Benefits. Nutrients, 5: 1417-35.
  • Soccol CR, Sauza Vandenberghe LP, Spier MR, Pedroni Medeiros AB, Yamaguishi CT, et al. 2010. The Potential of Probiotics: A Review. Food Technol. Biotechnol., 48: 413-34.
  • Tonnucci LB, Olbrich dos Santos KM, Oliveria LL, Rocha Ribeiro SM, Martino HS. 2017. Clinical Application of Probiotics in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Clinical Nutrition, 36: 85-92.
  • Tsukumo DM, Carvalho BM, Carvalho-Filho MA, Saad JM. 2009. Translational Research into Gut Microbiota: New Horizons in Obesity Treatment. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol, 53: 139-44.
  • Türk Gıda Kodeksi Fermente Süt Ürünleri Tebliği. 2009/25. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı.
  • Türkiye Diyabet Önleme ve Kontrol Programı. 2011. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlügü, Ankara.
  • Upadhyay N, Moudgal V. 2012. Probiotics: A Review. J Clin Outcomes Manage 19: 76-84.
  • Williams NT. 2010. Probiotics. Am J Health Syst Pharm, 67: 449-58.
  • World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines. 2017. Probiotics and Prebiotics.
  • Yadav H, Jain S, Sinha PR. 2007a. Antidiabetic Effect of Probiotic Dahi Containing Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Lactobacillus Casei in High Fructose Fed Rats. Nutrition, 23: 62-8.
  • Yadav H, Jain S, Sinha PR. 2007b. Formation of Oligosaccharides in Skim Milk Fermented with Mixed Dahi Cultures, Lactococcus Lactis ssp Diacetylactis and Probiotic Strains of Lactobacilli. J Dairy Res, 74: 154-9.
  • Yadav H, Jain S, Sinha PR. 2008. Oral Administration of Dahi Containing Probiotic Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Lactobacillus Casei Delayed the Progression of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats. J Dairy Res, 75: 189-95.
  • Yoo JY, Kim SS. 2016. Probiotics and Prebiotics: Present Status and Future Perspectives on Metabolic Disorders. Nutrients 8.
  • Yun SI, Park HO, Kang JH. 2009. Effect of Lactobacillus Gasseri BNR17 on Blood Glucose Levels and Body Weight in A Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes. J Appl Microbiol, 107: 1681-6.
  • Ziai SA, Larijani B, Akhoonzadeh S, Fakhrzadeh H, Dastpak A, Bandarian F. et al. 2005. Psyllium Decreased Serum Glucose and Glycosylated Hemoglobin Significantly in Diabetic Outpatients. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 102: 202-07.
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section 2017-Articles
Authors

Hülya Kamarlı Altun

Emine Akal Yıldız This is me

Publication Date June 30, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kamarlı Altun, H., & Akal Yıldız, E. (2017). Relationship Between Prebiotics-Probiotics and Diabetes Mellitus. Turkish Journal of Life Sciences, 2(1), 149-156.
AMA Kamarlı Altun H, Akal Yıldız E. Relationship Between Prebiotics-Probiotics and Diabetes Mellitus. TJLS. June 2017;2(1):149-156.
Chicago Kamarlı Altun, Hülya, and Emine Akal Yıldız. “Relationship Between Prebiotics-Probiotics and Diabetes Mellitus”. Turkish Journal of Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (June 2017): 149-56.
EndNote Kamarlı Altun H, Akal Yıldız E (June 1, 2017) Relationship Between Prebiotics-Probiotics and Diabetes Mellitus. Turkish Journal of Life Sciences 2 1 149–156.
IEEE H. Kamarlı Altun and E. Akal Yıldız, “Relationship Between Prebiotics-Probiotics and Diabetes Mellitus”, TJLS, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 149–156, 2017.
ISNAD Kamarlı Altun, Hülya - Akal Yıldız, Emine. “Relationship Between Prebiotics-Probiotics and Diabetes Mellitus”. Turkish Journal of Life Sciences 2/1 (June 2017), 149-156.
JAMA Kamarlı Altun H, Akal Yıldız E. Relationship Between Prebiotics-Probiotics and Diabetes Mellitus. TJLS. 2017;2:149–156.
MLA Kamarlı Altun, Hülya and Emine Akal Yıldız. “Relationship Between Prebiotics-Probiotics and Diabetes Mellitus”. Turkish Journal of Life Sciences, vol. 2, no. 1, 2017, pp. 149-56.
Vancouver Kamarlı Altun H, Akal Yıldız E. Relationship Between Prebiotics-Probiotics and Diabetes Mellitus. TJLS. 2017;2(1):149-56.
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