Abstract
Çoğu
organik atıkların farklı alanlarda kullanılabilme potansiyelleri, üzerinde
sıkça çalışılan bir konudur. Gül ve elma üretiminin yoğun olduğu
Türkiye-Isparta bölgesinde, doğal olarak gül yağı ve elma suyu sanayi de gelişmiş
durumdadır. Söz konusu ürünlerin işlenme sonrası atıklarının toprak özellikleri
üzerine etkilerinin bilinmesi, yararlı ve uygun bir geri dönüşüm için
gereklidir. Bu bağlamda gül ve elma posalarından elde edilen biyoçarlar,
ağırlıkça % 0, 0.5, 1 ve 2 düzeylerinde kumlu bir toprağa uygulanmışlardır. Söz
konusu toprak-biyoçar karışımları laboratuvar koşullarında 4 aylık bir süreyle
inkübasyona bırakılmış ve bu süre boyunca nem içeriği tarla kapasitesinin %
70’i düzeyinde tutulmaya çalışılmıştır. Biyoçarların agregasyon üzerine
etkileri kuru agregat büyüklük dağılımı (>2, 2-1, 1-0.5, 0.5-0.25, <0.25
mm) ve % agregasyon özellikleri
incelenerek ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Nem tutma özelliklerindeki
değişimlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla 0.1, 0.33 ve 15 barlık tansiyon düzeyleri
kullanılmıştır. Kuru agregat büyüklüklerinin dağılımı itibariyle, 2- 1 mm
boyutunda agregatların % oranları tüm
uygulamalar için en yüksek seviyelerde belirlenmiştir. Agregasyon oranı (%) için
biyoçar uygulamalarının neden olduğu değişim istatistiksel olarak önemli
(P<0.05) bulunmuştur. Ayrıca elma ve gül posası biyoçarları arasındaki
farklılık sadece 0.5-0.25 mm agregat büyüklük grubunda belirlenmiştir. 0.1 ve
0.33 barlık tansiyonlar için tutulan nem miktarlarında dozlara bağlı farklılıklar
ile 0.1 bar tansiyon için biyoçar türleri arasındaki farklılık istatistiksel
olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Agregasyon özelliklerinin geliştirilmesi için elma
posası biyoçarının, nem tutma özelliklerinin geliştirilmesinde ise gül posası
biyoçarının kullanılabilirliğinin daha yüksek olduğu gözlenmiştir.
Keywords
References
- Aslam Z, Khalid M, Aon M, 2014. Impact of biochar on soil physical properties. Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science 4: 280-284.
- Barut ZB, Çelik İ, Turgut MM, 2010. Buğday tarımında farklı toprak işleme sistemlerinin toprağın bazı fiziksel özelliklerine etkisi. Tarım Makinaları Bilimi Dergisi, 6(4): 237-246.
- Boekel P, 1963. Soil structure and plant gowth. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 11: 120-127.
- Busscher WJ, Novak JM, Evans DE, Watts DW, Niandou MAS, Ahmedna M, 2010. Influence of pecan biochar on physical properties of a norfolk loamy sand. Soil Science 175: 10–14.
- Carmeis Filho AC, Crusciol CA, Guimarães TM, Calonego JC, Mooney SJ, 2016. Impact of amendments on the physical properties of soil under tropical long-term no till conditions. PloS one 11(12): e0167564.
- Demiralay İ, 1993. Toprak fiziksel analizleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, 143. Erzurum
- Devereux RC, Sturrock CJ, Mooney SJ, 2012. The effects of biochar on soil physical properties and winter wheat growth. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 103: 13–18.
- Downie A, Crosky A, Munroe P, 2009. Physical properties of biochar. In Lehmann J, Joseph S. (Eds.) Biochar for Environmental Management. Science and Technology. (pp. 1332). Earthscan. London.
- Downie A, Crosky A, Munroe P, 2009. Physical properties of biochar. Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology, 13-32.
- Hardie M, Clothier B, Bound S, Oliver G, Close D, 2014. Does biochar influence soil physical properties and soil water availability? Plant and Soil 376(1-2): 347-361.
- Jien SH, Wang CS, 2013. Effects of biochar on soil properties and erosion potential in a highly weathered soil. Catena 110: 225-233.
- Kacar B, 2009. Toprak analizleri. Nobel Yayın Evi, 468. Ankara.
- Karaman MR, Brohi AR, Müftüoğlu NM, Öztaş T, Zengin M, 2007. Sürdürülebilir toprak verimliliği, s:15-29. Detay yayıncılık, Ankara
- Karhu K, Mattila T, Bergström I, Regina K, 2011. Biochar addition to agricultural soil increased CH4 uptake and water holding capacity—results from a short-term pilot field study. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 140: 309–313.
- Komkiene J, Baltrenaite E, 2016. Biochar as adsorbent for removal of heavy metal ıons [cadmium (II), copper (II), lead (II), zinc (II)] from aqueou phase. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 13: 471–482.
- Lehmann J, Joseph S (Eds.), 2015. Biochar for environmental management: Science, Technology and İmplementation. Routledge.22p
- Liu XH, Han FP, Zhang XC, 2012. Effect of biochar on soil aggregates in the loess plateau: results from incubation experiments. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 14(6): 975- 979.
- Mankasingh U, Choi PC, Ragnarsdottir V, 2011. Biochar application in a tropical, agricultural region: a plot scale study in Tamil Nadu. India. Applied Geochemistry 26: 218–221.
- Mizuta K, Matsumoto T, Hatate Y, Nishihara K, Nakanishi T, 2004. Removal of nitrate-nitrogen from drinking water using bamboo powder charcoal. Bioresource Technology 95(3): 255-257.
- Nigussie A, Kissi E, Misganaw M, Ambaw G, 2012. Effect of biochar application on soil properties and nutrient uptake of lettuces (lactucasativa) grown in chromium polluted soils. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science 12(3): 369-376.
- Novak JM, BusscherWJ, Watts DW, Amonette JE, Ippolito JA, Lima IM, Gaskin J, Das KC, Steiner C, Ahmedna M, 2012. Biochars impact on soil-moisture storage in an ultisol and two aridisols. Soil Science 177: 310–320.
- Özbek H, Kaya Z, Gök M, Kaptan H, 1993. Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Toprak Bilimi Kitabı, Yayın no: 73, Ders Kitapları Yayın No: A-16,: 77-119, Adana.
- Özdemir N, Canbolat MY, 1997. Toprak strüktürünün oluşum süreçleri ve yönetimi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 28(3):413-419.
- Passioura JB, 1991. Soil structure and plant growth. Soil Research 29(6): 717-728.
- Simpson K, Hayes SF, 1958. The effect of soil conditioners on plant growth and soil structure. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 9(3): 163-170.
- Singh B, Singh BP, Cowie AL, 2010. Characterisation and evaluation of biochars for their application as a soil amendment. Soil Research 48(7): 516–525.
- Spokas KA, Reicosky DC, 2009. Impacts of sixteen different biochars on soil greenhouse gas production. Annals of Environmental Science 3: 179-193.
- Sun F, Lu S, 2014. Biochars improve aggregate stability, water retention, and pore space properties of clayey soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 177(1): 26-33.
- Troeh FR, Thompson LM, 2005. Soils and Soil Fertility. Sixth Edition, Blackwell, Ames, Iowa, 489.
- Turgut B, Aksakal EL, 2010. Fiğ samanı ve ahır gübresi uygulamalarının toprak aşınım parametreleri üzerine etkileri. Artvin Çoruh University Faculty of Forestry Journal 11(1): 1-10.
- U.S. Salinity Laboratory Staff., 1954. Diagnosis and ımprovement of salina and alkali soils. Agricultural Handbook, No: 60, U.S.D.A.
- Utomo W, Ganika S, Wisnubroto E, Islami T, 2016. Friability and aggregate stability of loamy soil after 5 years of biochar application. In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (Vol. 18. p. 10361). Available from URL: https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2016-10361.pdf
- Yu OY, Raichle B, Sink S, 2013. Impact of biochar on the water holding capacity of loamy sand soil. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering 4(1): 44.
Abstract
The possibility of using organic
wastes in different areas is a common issue. Rose oil and apple juice industry
is naturally well developed in the region of Isparta-Turkey in where there are
intensive rose and apple production.
Knowing the effects of these products on the soil properties after
processing is necessary for a useful and suitable recycling. In this context,
the biochars obtained from rose and apple pulps were applied to sandy soil at
0, 0.5, 1 and 2 % by weight. The soil-biochar mixtures were allowed to incubate
for 4 months under laboratory conditions and during that time the moisture
content was tried to be kept at 70% of the field capacity. The effects of
biochars on aggregation were investigated by examining dry aggregate size
distribution (>2, 2-1, 1- 0.5, 0.5- 0.25, <0.25 mm) and aggregation
properties. Tension pressure levels of 0.1, 0.33 and 15 bar were used to
determine in moisture retention properties. In terms of the distribution of dry
aggregate sizes, the amount of aggregate (%) in the size of 2-1 mm was determined
at the highest levels for all applications. The change caused by the biochar
applications was statistically significant (P<0.05) for the aggregation rate
(%). In addition, the differences between apple and rose biochars were
determined only in the 0.5-0.25 mm aggregate size group. The difference between the moisture content
for 0.1 and 0.33 bar tensions and the biochar species for 0.1 bar tension were
found to be statistically significant. It was observed that apple pulp biochar
was used to improve aggregation properties and rose pulp biochar was used to
improve moisture retention properties.
Keywords
References
- Aslam Z, Khalid M, Aon M, 2014. Impact of biochar on soil physical properties. Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science 4: 280-284.
- Barut ZB, Çelik İ, Turgut MM, 2010. Buğday tarımında farklı toprak işleme sistemlerinin toprağın bazı fiziksel özelliklerine etkisi. Tarım Makinaları Bilimi Dergisi, 6(4): 237-246.
- Boekel P, 1963. Soil structure and plant gowth. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 11: 120-127.
- Busscher WJ, Novak JM, Evans DE, Watts DW, Niandou MAS, Ahmedna M, 2010. Influence of pecan biochar on physical properties of a norfolk loamy sand. Soil Science 175: 10–14.
- Carmeis Filho AC, Crusciol CA, Guimarães TM, Calonego JC, Mooney SJ, 2016. Impact of amendments on the physical properties of soil under tropical long-term no till conditions. PloS one 11(12): e0167564.
- Demiralay İ, 1993. Toprak fiziksel analizleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, 143. Erzurum
- Devereux RC, Sturrock CJ, Mooney SJ, 2012. The effects of biochar on soil physical properties and winter wheat growth. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 103: 13–18.
- Downie A, Crosky A, Munroe P, 2009. Physical properties of biochar. In Lehmann J, Joseph S. (Eds.) Biochar for Environmental Management. Science and Technology. (pp. 1332). Earthscan. London.
- Downie A, Crosky A, Munroe P, 2009. Physical properties of biochar. Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology, 13-32.
- Hardie M, Clothier B, Bound S, Oliver G, Close D, 2014. Does biochar influence soil physical properties and soil water availability? Plant and Soil 376(1-2): 347-361.
- Jien SH, Wang CS, 2013. Effects of biochar on soil properties and erosion potential in a highly weathered soil. Catena 110: 225-233.
- Kacar B, 2009. Toprak analizleri. Nobel Yayın Evi, 468. Ankara.
- Karaman MR, Brohi AR, Müftüoğlu NM, Öztaş T, Zengin M, 2007. Sürdürülebilir toprak verimliliği, s:15-29. Detay yayıncılık, Ankara
- Karhu K, Mattila T, Bergström I, Regina K, 2011. Biochar addition to agricultural soil increased CH4 uptake and water holding capacity—results from a short-term pilot field study. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 140: 309–313.
- Komkiene J, Baltrenaite E, 2016. Biochar as adsorbent for removal of heavy metal ıons [cadmium (II), copper (II), lead (II), zinc (II)] from aqueou phase. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 13: 471–482.
- Lehmann J, Joseph S (Eds.), 2015. Biochar for environmental management: Science, Technology and İmplementation. Routledge.22p
- Liu XH, Han FP, Zhang XC, 2012. Effect of biochar on soil aggregates in the loess plateau: results from incubation experiments. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 14(6): 975- 979.
- Mankasingh U, Choi PC, Ragnarsdottir V, 2011. Biochar application in a tropical, agricultural region: a plot scale study in Tamil Nadu. India. Applied Geochemistry 26: 218–221.
- Mizuta K, Matsumoto T, Hatate Y, Nishihara K, Nakanishi T, 2004. Removal of nitrate-nitrogen from drinking water using bamboo powder charcoal. Bioresource Technology 95(3): 255-257.
- Nigussie A, Kissi E, Misganaw M, Ambaw G, 2012. Effect of biochar application on soil properties and nutrient uptake of lettuces (lactucasativa) grown in chromium polluted soils. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science 12(3): 369-376.
- Novak JM, BusscherWJ, Watts DW, Amonette JE, Ippolito JA, Lima IM, Gaskin J, Das KC, Steiner C, Ahmedna M, 2012. Biochars impact on soil-moisture storage in an ultisol and two aridisols. Soil Science 177: 310–320.
- Özbek H, Kaya Z, Gök M, Kaptan H, 1993. Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Toprak Bilimi Kitabı, Yayın no: 73, Ders Kitapları Yayın No: A-16,: 77-119, Adana.
- Özdemir N, Canbolat MY, 1997. Toprak strüktürünün oluşum süreçleri ve yönetimi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 28(3):413-419.
- Passioura JB, 1991. Soil structure and plant growth. Soil Research 29(6): 717-728.
- Simpson K, Hayes SF, 1958. The effect of soil conditioners on plant growth and soil structure. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 9(3): 163-170.
- Singh B, Singh BP, Cowie AL, 2010. Characterisation and evaluation of biochars for their application as a soil amendment. Soil Research 48(7): 516–525.
- Spokas KA, Reicosky DC, 2009. Impacts of sixteen different biochars on soil greenhouse gas production. Annals of Environmental Science 3: 179-193.
- Sun F, Lu S, 2014. Biochars improve aggregate stability, water retention, and pore space properties of clayey soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 177(1): 26-33.
- Troeh FR, Thompson LM, 2005. Soils and Soil Fertility. Sixth Edition, Blackwell, Ames, Iowa, 489.
- Turgut B, Aksakal EL, 2010. Fiğ samanı ve ahır gübresi uygulamalarının toprak aşınım parametreleri üzerine etkileri. Artvin Çoruh University Faculty of Forestry Journal 11(1): 1-10.
- U.S. Salinity Laboratory Staff., 1954. Diagnosis and ımprovement of salina and alkali soils. Agricultural Handbook, No: 60, U.S.D.A.
- Utomo W, Ganika S, Wisnubroto E, Islami T, 2016. Friability and aggregate stability of loamy soil after 5 years of biochar application. In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (Vol. 18. p. 10361). Available from URL: https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2016-10361.pdf
- Yu OY, Raichle B, Sink S, 2013. Impact of biochar on the water holding capacity of loamy sand soil. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering 4(1): 44.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Agricultural Engineering |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 28, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 6 Issue: 2 |
