Research Article
Ezra (Üzeyir Peygamber) Karakteri ve Ezra’yı Tanrının Oğlu Kabul Eden Dustan Mezhebi Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Abstract
Bu makalede İslami gelenekte Üzeyir peygamber olarak karşımıza çıktığı bilinen hem Yahudilik, Hristiyanlık ve hem de İslami gelenekte önemli bir karakter olan Ezra figürü, tarihsel ve dini bir figür olarak ele alınmıştır. Ezra konusu özellikle teoloji ve tarih gibi disiplinlerden çok sayıda ilim insanı için çalışmaya değer bir konu olarak görülmüştür. Yapılan bu çalışmalarda onun tarihsel ve dini statüsüne değinilmiştir. Şimdiye kadar yapılan çalışmalara göre Ezra’nın ‘’tanrının oğlu’’ olduğunu düşünen topluluklar olmuştur. Bu iddiaya benzer ifadeleri Kur’an’da da bulmak mümkündür zira Tevbe Suresi 30. ayette benzer ifadeler görülebilir. Ancak şimdiye değin Ezra’nın tanrının oğlu olduğuna inanan grupların olduğu bilgisini işitsek de, söz konusu grubun/topluluğun kimler olduğu sorusu cevapsız kalmıştır. Bu makalede, Ezra’ya atfedilen isimlerden ve Ezra olduğu düşünülen figürlerden bahsedildikten sonra, esasen Yahudi bir mezhep olan Samiriler ile Ezra arasındaki ilişkiden bahsedilmiştir. Genel olarak Samiriler ile Ezra arasında pozitif ilişkilerin vuku’ bulduğunu söyleyemeyiz ve hatta çoğu araştırmacılara göre Samirilerin Ezra’ya bitmek bilmeyen öfkeleri vardır. Ancak işte bu makalede Samiriler arasında bir topluluğun Ezra’ya ötekilerden farklı olarak, pozitif bir yaklaşım benimsemelerinden bahsedilmiş ve ardından da onu peygamber ve Tanrının Oğlu olarak kabul etmeleri meselesi vurgulanmıştır. Yine bu kanıya varırken de, Yunan felsefesi ile entegre olan Hristiyan düşüncenin getirdiği ‘‘tanrının oğlu’’ ibaresinin angelic anlamda kullanılmış olup olmayacağına ve bunun Ezra’ya olan muhtemel yansımasına da dikkat çekilmiştir.
References
- Bury, J. B., Adcock, F. A., & Cook, A. S. (1933). The Cambridge Ancient History (Volume 4). The Cambridge University Press.
- Cohon, S. S. (1926). Jewish Reference Book. Cincinnati.
- Diamont, Max I. (1990) Jews, God, and Theory. Revised by Ethel Diamont (1994) Penguin Group. p. 56
- Edelman, D. (2005). The Origin of the Second Temple: Persian Imperial Policy and The Rebuilding of Jerusalem. London: Equinox Publishing.
- Farr Carol A. and Mullins, Elizabeth. (2019)Early Medieval Text and Image 2: The Codex Amiatinus, the Book of Kells, and Anglo-Saxon Art. Routledge- Taylor and Francis Group
- Fried, L. S. (2014). The Studies on Personalities of the Old Testament: Ezra nad the Law in History and Tradition. Columbia: The University of South Carolina Press.
- Friedlander, J. (1917). The Standart Book of Jewish Verse. New York: Dodd, Mead, and Company.
- Haas, J. D. (1944). The Encyclopedia of Jewish Knowledge. New York: The Behrman's Jewish House Print.
- Henze, M., & Boccac, G. (2013). Fourth Ezra and Second Baruch. Leiden-Boston: Brill Press.
- Hjelm, I. (2000). Samaritans and Early Judaism. Bloomsbury: Sheffield Academic Press.
- Horst, P. v. (2006). Jews and Christians in Their Graeco-Roman Context: Selected Essays on Early Judaism. Tubingen: Mohr Siebeck Press.
- Karpeles, G. (1987). A sketch of Jewish History. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America Press.
- Lazarus-Yafeh, H. (1992). Intertwined World-Medieval Islam and Bible Criticism. Princeton: Princeton Univesity Press. Maghribi, S. (1986). İfhamu'l- Yehud. (M. A. eş-Şerkavi, Dü.) Kahire: Dar'ul Hidaye.
- Montgomery, J. A. (1907). The Samaritans: The Earliest Jewish Sect, Their History, Theology, and Literature. Philadelphia: The John C. Winston CO. Press.
- O'Reilly, J. (2019). Early Medieval Text and Image2: The Codex Amianutus, the book of Kells and Anglo Saxon Art. (C. A. Farr, & E. Mullins, ) New York: Routledge-Taylor and Francis Group . Öztürk, M. (2003). Uzeyir Allah'ın Oğludur İddiasına Dair Bir İnceleme. Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi.
- Reed, A. Y. (2005). Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity. New York: Cambridge University Press. Rodkinson, M. L. (1918). The Babylon Talmud. New York.
- Stroumsa, Guy G.(2015).The Making of the Abrahamic Religions in Late Antiquity. Oxford. the University of Oxford Press
- Tuval, M. (2013). From Jerusalem to Roman Jew: On Josephus and the Paradigms of Ancient Judaism. Nehren: Mohr Siebeck.
- Viviane, C. (2005). Esdras est-il le fils de Dieu? Brill, 165-181.
- Laurenziana, B. M. (2020). 09 19, 2020 codex-amiatinus: https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/codex-amiatinus retrieved in 19/09/2020
- Mindel, N. (2020). Ezra the Scribe. 1 19/09/2020, 2020 Chabad.org: https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/111905/jewish/Ezra-the-Scribe.htm retrieved in 19/09/2020
- Société d’Études Samaritaines. https://www.socsam.org/ retrived in 29/09/2020
Year 2020,
Volume: 5 Issue: 4, 465 - 478, 30.12.2020
Abstract
Ezra was an active figure not only in Judaistic, Christian, and but also in Islamic tradition thus the figure of Ezra was an interesting topic that seems worthy to study, for the scholars. Many scholars, especially theologians, and historians went on deep studies considering his religious and historical position. Up to the present, mostly, the scholars mention some Jewish sect which is said to have believed in Ezra was the son of God. Unsurprisingly, similar claims can be found in the Quran. (Tawba:30) even there were some mentions the groups of people who regarded him as the son of God, there is no absolute mention related to the name of these groups. In this article, after the general information regarding possible names refers, attributed to Ezra, were covered, his relation with Samaritans, one Jewish sect, was intensified on. Many scholars approve that there was Samaritan hatred against Ezra thus their relations have not occurred positively. However, this article claims that the group of people, worshipping Ezra as the son of God, was a small Samaritan group: Dustan Sect. Additionally, the influence of the Greek-influenced Christian mind on the idea of the son of God as ‘‘angelic’’ meaning and its possible reflections on Ezra was sophisticated.
References
- Bury, J. B., Adcock, F. A., & Cook, A. S. (1933). The Cambridge Ancient History (Volume 4). The Cambridge University Press.
- Cohon, S. S. (1926). Jewish Reference Book. Cincinnati.
- Diamont, Max I. (1990) Jews, God, and Theory. Revised by Ethel Diamont (1994) Penguin Group. p. 56
- Edelman, D. (2005). The Origin of the Second Temple: Persian Imperial Policy and The Rebuilding of Jerusalem. London: Equinox Publishing.
- Farr Carol A. and Mullins, Elizabeth. (2019)Early Medieval Text and Image 2: The Codex Amiatinus, the Book of Kells, and Anglo-Saxon Art. Routledge- Taylor and Francis Group
- Fried, L. S. (2014). The Studies on Personalities of the Old Testament: Ezra nad the Law in History and Tradition. Columbia: The University of South Carolina Press.
- Friedlander, J. (1917). The Standart Book of Jewish Verse. New York: Dodd, Mead, and Company.
- Haas, J. D. (1944). The Encyclopedia of Jewish Knowledge. New York: The Behrman's Jewish House Print.
- Henze, M., & Boccac, G. (2013). Fourth Ezra and Second Baruch. Leiden-Boston: Brill Press.
- Hjelm, I. (2000). Samaritans and Early Judaism. Bloomsbury: Sheffield Academic Press.
- Horst, P. v. (2006). Jews and Christians in Their Graeco-Roman Context: Selected Essays on Early Judaism. Tubingen: Mohr Siebeck Press.
- Karpeles, G. (1987). A sketch of Jewish History. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America Press.
- Lazarus-Yafeh, H. (1992). Intertwined World-Medieval Islam and Bible Criticism. Princeton: Princeton Univesity Press. Maghribi, S. (1986). İfhamu'l- Yehud. (M. A. eş-Şerkavi, Dü.) Kahire: Dar'ul Hidaye.
- Montgomery, J. A. (1907). The Samaritans: The Earliest Jewish Sect, Their History, Theology, and Literature. Philadelphia: The John C. Winston CO. Press.
- O'Reilly, J. (2019). Early Medieval Text and Image2: The Codex Amianutus, the book of Kells and Anglo Saxon Art. (C. A. Farr, & E. Mullins, ) New York: Routledge-Taylor and Francis Group . Öztürk, M. (2003). Uzeyir Allah'ın Oğludur İddiasına Dair Bir İnceleme. Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi.
- Reed, A. Y. (2005). Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity. New York: Cambridge University Press. Rodkinson, M. L. (1918). The Babylon Talmud. New York.
- Stroumsa, Guy G.(2015).The Making of the Abrahamic Religions in Late Antiquity. Oxford. the University of Oxford Press
- Tuval, M. (2013). From Jerusalem to Roman Jew: On Josephus and the Paradigms of Ancient Judaism. Nehren: Mohr Siebeck.
- Viviane, C. (2005). Esdras est-il le fils de Dieu? Brill, 165-181.
- Laurenziana, B. M. (2020). 09 19, 2020 codex-amiatinus: https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/codex-amiatinus retrieved in 19/09/2020
- Mindel, N. (2020). Ezra the Scribe. 1 19/09/2020, 2020 Chabad.org: https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/111905/jewish/Ezra-the-Scribe.htm retrieved in 19/09/2020
- Société d’Études Samaritaines. https://www.socsam.org/ retrived in 29/09/2020
There are 22 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 30, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 5 Issue: 4 |
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Özel sayı teması ile ilgili çalışmalarınızı 1 Nisan 2024 tarihine kadar yükleyebilirsiniz.
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Studies on "The Arabic Novel from the Beginning to the Present" will be published as a special issue in May 2023 under the editorship of Dr. Encümen BAYRAM.
You can upload your work on the special issue theme until April 1, 2024.
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