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Examining the Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Hemoglobin A1c Levels and Nutrition in Adult Individuals

Year 2020, Volume: 29 Issue: 6, 414 - 421, 15.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.17942/sted.700520

Abstract

Aim: Epidemiological studies have shown that increasing Body Mass Index (BMI) increases the risk of diabetes, and there is a strong relationship between Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and BMI. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between BMI levels, HbA1c values, and nutrition among adult individuals.
Method: 140 individuals registered in a Family Health Center in Alanya and whose HbA1c levels measured between February 2017-2018 are included in the study. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical analysis results of individuals were taken from the records retrospectively.
Results: Average BMI levels of individuals with an average age of 46.8±14.6 years are 28.7±4.9 kg / m2, fasting glucose values 95.8 ± 39.0 mg / dl, and HbA1c values 5.8±1.2%. Individuals with a HbA1c value of 6.5% and above were found to be higher in BMI than the individuals with a mean HbA1c below 6.5% (p = 0.04). A positive and low-level relationship was found between the BMI and HbA1c (r=0,230, p<0,01) levels, fasting glucose (r=0,350, p<0,01), energy (r=0,230, p<0,01) and carbohydrate (r=0,220, p<0,01) consumption of the individuals.
Conclusion: Among the actual major public health problems, obesity and diabetes are nutrition-related chronic diseases. The results of this research reveal the importance of BMI and HbA1c measurements in primary health care institutions to improve public health and reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases.

References

  • 1. World Health Organization (WHO). “Obesity and overweight”, 2018. Accessed February 18, 2018 at https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
  • 2. Wirth A, Wabitsch M, Hauner H. The Prevention and Treatment of Obesity, Dtsch Arztebl Int 2014;111(42):705–13.
  • 3. TURDEP-II sonuçlarının özeti. Accessed January 10, 2018 at http://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/statics/istanbultip.istanbul.edu.tr/wpcontent/uploads/attachments/021_turdep.2.sonuclarinin.aciklamasi.pdf.
  • 4. World Health Organization (WHO). “Body mass index – BMI” Accessed December 10, 2018, at http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/a-healthy-lifestyle/body-mass-index-bmi
  • 5. Pasco JA, Holloway KL, Dobbins AG, Kotowicz MA, Williams LJ, Brennan SL. Body mass index and measures of body fat for defining obesity and underweight: a cross-sectional, population-based study. BMC Obesity, 2014;1:9.
  • 6. Gudzune K. Dietary and Behavioral Approaches in the Management of Obesity. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2016;45(4):653–61.
  • 7. Olgun N, Yalın H, Demir H.G. Diyabetle Mücadelede Diyabet Risklerinin Belirlenmesi ve Tanılama, Turkısh Family Physician 2011;2:2
  • 8. Kleinberger JW, Pollin TI. Personalized medicine in diabetes mellitus: current opportunities and future prospects. Ann NY Acad Sci 2015;1346(1):45-56.
  • 9. International Diabetes Federation (IDF). IDF Diabetes Atlas, Eighth Edition, 2017.
  • 10. American Diabetes Association (ADA). Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Care 2014, 37 (Ek 1): S81-S90. Accessed May 17, 2018, at http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/37/Supplement_1/S81
  • 11. True MW. Circulating biomarkers of glycemia in diabetes management and implications for personalized medicine. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2009;1(3):743-7.
  • 12. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE). Diabetes Management Guidelines. National Diabetes Education, 2015;21(1). Accessed May 20, 2018, at https://www.aace.com/files/dm-guidelines-ccp.pdf
  • 13. Cox M, Edelman D. Tests for Screening and Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes. Clinical Diabetes 2009;27(4):132-138.
  • 14. Altaş GF, Uysal S. Tahmini Ortalama Glukoz Değerinin (eAG) "Diabetes Mellitus" da Kullanımı. Türk Klinik Biyokimya Derg 2017;15(2): 80-8.
  • 15. Britton K, Pradhan A, Gaziano M, Manson J. ve ark. Hemoglobin A1c, Body Mass Index and the Risk of Hypertension in Women, Am J Hypertens 2011,24(3):328–34.
  • 16. Das RK, Nessa A, Hossain MA, Siddiqui NI, Hussain MA. Fasting serum glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin level in obesity. Mymensingh Med J 2014;23(2):221-8.
  • 17. Shah S, Kublaoui BM, Oden JD, White PC. Screening for type 2 diabetes in obese youth. Pediatrics 2009;124(2):573–9.
  • 18. World Health Organization (WHO). The challenge of obesity in the WHO European Region and the strategies for response, [Branca F, Nikogosian H, Lobstein T.], Denmark, 2007.
  • 19. Saikia D, Ahmed SJ, Saikia H, Sarma R. Body mass index and body fat percentage in assessing obesity: An analytical study among the adolescents of Dibrugarh, Assam. Indian J Public Health 2018;62(4):277-81.
  • 20. Segula D. Complications of obesity in adults: A short review of the literatüre. Malawi Med J 2014;26(1):20–24.
  • 21. Yumuk V, Tsigos C, Fried M, Schindler K, Busetto L, Micic D, Toplak H. European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults, Obes Facts 2015;8:402-24.
  • 22. He G, Liang Y, Chen Y, Yang W, Liu JS, Yang MQ, Guan R. A hotspots analysis-relation discovery representation model for revealing diabetes mellitus and obesity. BMC Syst Biol 2018;12(7):116.
  • 23. World Health Organization (WHO). Global report on diabetes, 2016. Accessed November 12, 2018 at http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204871/1/9789241565257_eng.pdf. Accessed 12 Nov 2016
  • 24. Miyakawa M, Shimizu T, Dat N.V, Thanh P, Thuy P, Anh N, Chau N, Matsushita Y, Kajio H, Mai V, Hachiya M. Prevalence, perception and factors associated with diabetes mellitus among the adult population in central Vietnam: a population-based, cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey. BMC Public Health 2017;17:298.
  • 25. Ural D, Kılıçkap M, Göksülük H, Karaaslan D, Kayıkçıoğlu M, Özer N, Barçın C, Yılmaz M.B, Abacı A, Şengül Ş, Arınsoy T, Erdem Y, Sanisoğlu Y, Şahin M, Tokgözoğlu L. Türkiye’de obezite sıklığı ve bel çevresi verileri: Kardiyovasküler risk faktörlerine yönelik epidemiyolojik çalışmaların sistematik derleme, meta-analiz ve meta-regresyonu, Turk Kardiyol Dern Arş 2018;46(7):577-90.
  • 26. Deyneli O, Uygur M. Prediyabet; Klinik Önemi, Tedavi Yaklaşımları. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Endocrinology Special Topics, 2014;7.
  • 27. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Avrupa Bölge Ofisi. Türkiye Hanehalkı Sağlık Araştırması: Bulaşıcı Olmayan Hastalıkların Risk Faktörleri Prevalansı, 2017. Accessed December 16, 2018 at http://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/WHO_Turkey_Risk_Factors_A4_TR_19.06.2018.pdf E
  • 28. Di Angelantonio E, Bhupathiraju ShN, Wormser D, Gao P, Kaptoge S, ve ark. Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents. The Lancet 2016;388:776–86.
  • 29. Koruk İ, Şahin T. Konya Fazilet Uluışık Sağlık Ocağı Bölgesinde 15-49 yaş grubu ev kadınlarında obezite prevalansı ve risk faktörleri. Genel Tıp Dergisi, 2005,15(4):147-55.
  • 30. Çayır A, Atak N, Köse S. Beslenme ve diyet kliniğine başvuranlarda obezite durumu ve etkili faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 2011;64(1):13-19.
  • 31. Fouad MF, Rastam S, Ward KD, Maziak W. Prevalence of Obesity and Its Associated Factors in Allepo, Syria. Prevention and Control 2006;2(2):85-94.
  • 32. Noun l, Sohar E, Laor A. Neck circumference as a simple screening measure for identifying overweight and obese patients. Obesity Research 2001;9(8):470-7.
  • 33. Nazlıcan E, Demirhindi H, Akbaba M. Adana İli Solaklı ve Karataş Merkez Sağlık Ocağı Bölgesinde Yaşayan 20-64 Yaş Arası Kadınlarda Obezite ve İlişkili Risk Faktörlerinin İncelenmesi, Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2011;1(2):5-12.
  • 34. Babikr W, Alshahrani A, Hamid H, Abdelraheem A, Shalayel M. The correlation of HbA1c with body mass index and HDL-cholesterol in type 2 diabetic patients. Biomedical Research 2016;27(4):1280-3.
  • 35. Bala M, Meenakshi, Menaka K, Gupta A. Correlation of HbA1C Levels With Body Mass Index in Newly Diagnosed Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. EJIFCC 2017;28(3):196–204.
  • 36. Yeşil E, Özdemir M, Arıtıcı G, Aksoydan E. Bel/Boy Oranı ve Diğer Antropometrik Ölçümlerin Kronik Hastalık Riski ile İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi, Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2019;1082:241-6.
  • 37. Elochukwu AC, Uchenna EA, Nasir İA, Faith EA, Babayo A, Udoh AE. Evaluation of fasting lipid profile and glycated hemoglobin in obese subjects at University of Calabar teaching hospital, Nigeria. International Journal of Biomedical Research 2015;6(03):200-9.
  • 38. Mathers CD, Loncar D. Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med 2006;3(11).
  • 39. Hruby A, Hu FB. The Epidemiology of Obesity: A Big Picture, Pharmacoeconomics 2015;33(7):673–89.
  • 40. Bray GA. Medical consequences of obesity. Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89(6):2583-9.
  • 41. Lim S, Kim K, Kim M, Woo S, Choi S, Park K. The Association of Maximum Body Weight on the Development of Type 2 Diabetes and Microvascular Complications: Maxwell Study. PLoS One, 2013;8(12).
  • 42. Kinlen D, Cody D, O’Shea D. Complications of obesity, QJM: An International Journal of Medicine 2018;111(7):437–43.
  • 43. Ahmed A, Alanazi W, Ahmed R, AlJohi W, AlBuraikan D ve ark. The influences of bariatric surgery on hemoglobin A1c in a sample of obese patients in Saudi Arabia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2018;11:271–76.
  • 44. Shantha G, Kumar A, Kahan S. Association Between Glycosylated Hemoglobin and Intentional Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study. The Diabetes Educator, 2012;38(3):417-26.
  • 45. Elhayany A, Lustman A, Abel R, Attal-Singer J, Vinker S. A low carbohydrate Mediterranean diet improves cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes control among overweight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 1-year prospective randomized intervention study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2010;12(3):204-9.
  • 46. Agrawal N, Agrawal MK, Kumari T, Kumar S. Correlation between Body Mass Index and Blood Glucose Levels in Jharkhand Population. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research, 2017;4(8): 1633-6.
  • 47. Kutlutürk F, Öztürk B, Yıldırım B, Özuğurlu F, Çetin İ, Etikan İ ve ark. Obezite prevalansı ve metabolik risk faktörleri ile ilişkisi: Tokat ili prevalans çalışması, Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences 2011;31(1):156-63.
  • 48. Hossain I, Islam S, Hasan MR, Akter M, Khoka SH. Fasting blood glucose level and its association with sex, body mass index and blood pressure: a cross sectional study on a Bangladeshi public university students. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health 2017;4(8):2663-9.
  • 49. Innocent O, ThankGod O, Sandra E, Josiah I. Correlation between body mass index and blood glucose levels among some Nigerian undergraduates, HOAJ Biology, 2013;2(4):1-4.
  • 50. Sepp E, Kolk H, Loivukene K, Mikelsaar M. Higher blood glucose level associated with body mass index and gut microbiota in elderly people, Microb Ecol Health Dis 2014;25(1):22857.

Yetişkin Bireylerde Beden Kütle İndeksi ve Hemoglobin A1c Düzeyleri ile Beslenme Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 29 Issue: 6, 414 - 421, 15.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.17942/sted.700520

Abstract

Amaç: Epidemiyolojik çalışmalar Beden Kütle İndeksi (BKİ) düzeyinin artmasının diyabet riskini arttırdığını, Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ve BKİ arasında güçlü bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu araştırma ile yetişkin bireylerin BKİ düzeyleri ile HbA1c değerleri ve beslenme arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Alanya’da bir Aile Sağlığı Merkezi’ne kayıtlı olan ve Şubat 2017-2018 tarihleri arasında HbA1c ölçümü yapılmış 140 birey araştırma kapsamına alınmıştır. Retrospektif olarak bireylerin antropometrik ölçümleri ve biyokimyasal analiz sonuçları kayıtlardan alınmıştır. Besin tüketimlerine ilişkin bilgiler bireylerle yüz yüze görüşme tekniği kullanılarak gönüllülük esasına göre elde edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 46,8±14,6 yıl olan bireylerin ortalama BKİ düzeyleri 28,7±4,9 kg/m2, açlık glikoz değerleri 95,8±39,0 mg/dl, HbA1c değerleri %5,8±1,2’dir. HbA1c değeri %6,5 ve üstünde olan bireylerin BKİ ortalaması, %6,5 altında olan bireylerin BKİ ortalamasına göre yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0,04). Bireylerin BKİ düzeyleri ile HbA1c (r=0,230, p<0,01), açlık glikoz (r=0,350, p<0,01), enerji (r=0,230, p<0,01) ve karbonhidrat (r=0,220, p<0,01) tüketimleri arasında pozitif yönde ve düşük düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Günümüzde halk sağlığı sorunlarının başında yer alan obezite ve diyabet beslenme ile ilişkili önemli kronik hastalıklardır. Bu araştırmanın sonuçları toplum sağlığının geliştirilmesi ve kronik hastalıkların prevalansının düşürülmesi için birinci basamak sağlık kuruluşlarında BKI ve HbA1c ölçümlerinin önemini ortaya çıkarmaktadır.

References

  • 1. World Health Organization (WHO). “Obesity and overweight”, 2018. Accessed February 18, 2018 at https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
  • 2. Wirth A, Wabitsch M, Hauner H. The Prevention and Treatment of Obesity, Dtsch Arztebl Int 2014;111(42):705–13.
  • 3. TURDEP-II sonuçlarının özeti. Accessed January 10, 2018 at http://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/statics/istanbultip.istanbul.edu.tr/wpcontent/uploads/attachments/021_turdep.2.sonuclarinin.aciklamasi.pdf.
  • 4. World Health Organization (WHO). “Body mass index – BMI” Accessed December 10, 2018, at http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/a-healthy-lifestyle/body-mass-index-bmi
  • 5. Pasco JA, Holloway KL, Dobbins AG, Kotowicz MA, Williams LJ, Brennan SL. Body mass index and measures of body fat for defining obesity and underweight: a cross-sectional, population-based study. BMC Obesity, 2014;1:9.
  • 6. Gudzune K. Dietary and Behavioral Approaches in the Management of Obesity. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2016;45(4):653–61.
  • 7. Olgun N, Yalın H, Demir H.G. Diyabetle Mücadelede Diyabet Risklerinin Belirlenmesi ve Tanılama, Turkısh Family Physician 2011;2:2
  • 8. Kleinberger JW, Pollin TI. Personalized medicine in diabetes mellitus: current opportunities and future prospects. Ann NY Acad Sci 2015;1346(1):45-56.
  • 9. International Diabetes Federation (IDF). IDF Diabetes Atlas, Eighth Edition, 2017.
  • 10. American Diabetes Association (ADA). Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Care 2014, 37 (Ek 1): S81-S90. Accessed May 17, 2018, at http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/37/Supplement_1/S81
  • 11. True MW. Circulating biomarkers of glycemia in diabetes management and implications for personalized medicine. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2009;1(3):743-7.
  • 12. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE). Diabetes Management Guidelines. National Diabetes Education, 2015;21(1). Accessed May 20, 2018, at https://www.aace.com/files/dm-guidelines-ccp.pdf
  • 13. Cox M, Edelman D. Tests for Screening and Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes. Clinical Diabetes 2009;27(4):132-138.
  • 14. Altaş GF, Uysal S. Tahmini Ortalama Glukoz Değerinin (eAG) "Diabetes Mellitus" da Kullanımı. Türk Klinik Biyokimya Derg 2017;15(2): 80-8.
  • 15. Britton K, Pradhan A, Gaziano M, Manson J. ve ark. Hemoglobin A1c, Body Mass Index and the Risk of Hypertension in Women, Am J Hypertens 2011,24(3):328–34.
  • 16. Das RK, Nessa A, Hossain MA, Siddiqui NI, Hussain MA. Fasting serum glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin level in obesity. Mymensingh Med J 2014;23(2):221-8.
  • 17. Shah S, Kublaoui BM, Oden JD, White PC. Screening for type 2 diabetes in obese youth. Pediatrics 2009;124(2):573–9.
  • 18. World Health Organization (WHO). The challenge of obesity in the WHO European Region and the strategies for response, [Branca F, Nikogosian H, Lobstein T.], Denmark, 2007.
  • 19. Saikia D, Ahmed SJ, Saikia H, Sarma R. Body mass index and body fat percentage in assessing obesity: An analytical study among the adolescents of Dibrugarh, Assam. Indian J Public Health 2018;62(4):277-81.
  • 20. Segula D. Complications of obesity in adults: A short review of the literatüre. Malawi Med J 2014;26(1):20–24.
  • 21. Yumuk V, Tsigos C, Fried M, Schindler K, Busetto L, Micic D, Toplak H. European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults, Obes Facts 2015;8:402-24.
  • 22. He G, Liang Y, Chen Y, Yang W, Liu JS, Yang MQ, Guan R. A hotspots analysis-relation discovery representation model for revealing diabetes mellitus and obesity. BMC Syst Biol 2018;12(7):116.
  • 23. World Health Organization (WHO). Global report on diabetes, 2016. Accessed November 12, 2018 at http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204871/1/9789241565257_eng.pdf. Accessed 12 Nov 2016
  • 24. Miyakawa M, Shimizu T, Dat N.V, Thanh P, Thuy P, Anh N, Chau N, Matsushita Y, Kajio H, Mai V, Hachiya M. Prevalence, perception and factors associated with diabetes mellitus among the adult population in central Vietnam: a population-based, cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey. BMC Public Health 2017;17:298.
  • 25. Ural D, Kılıçkap M, Göksülük H, Karaaslan D, Kayıkçıoğlu M, Özer N, Barçın C, Yılmaz M.B, Abacı A, Şengül Ş, Arınsoy T, Erdem Y, Sanisoğlu Y, Şahin M, Tokgözoğlu L. Türkiye’de obezite sıklığı ve bel çevresi verileri: Kardiyovasküler risk faktörlerine yönelik epidemiyolojik çalışmaların sistematik derleme, meta-analiz ve meta-regresyonu, Turk Kardiyol Dern Arş 2018;46(7):577-90.
  • 26. Deyneli O, Uygur M. Prediyabet; Klinik Önemi, Tedavi Yaklaşımları. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Endocrinology Special Topics, 2014;7.
  • 27. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Avrupa Bölge Ofisi. Türkiye Hanehalkı Sağlık Araştırması: Bulaşıcı Olmayan Hastalıkların Risk Faktörleri Prevalansı, 2017. Accessed December 16, 2018 at http://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/WHO_Turkey_Risk_Factors_A4_TR_19.06.2018.pdf E
  • 28. Di Angelantonio E, Bhupathiraju ShN, Wormser D, Gao P, Kaptoge S, ve ark. Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents. The Lancet 2016;388:776–86.
  • 29. Koruk İ, Şahin T. Konya Fazilet Uluışık Sağlık Ocağı Bölgesinde 15-49 yaş grubu ev kadınlarında obezite prevalansı ve risk faktörleri. Genel Tıp Dergisi, 2005,15(4):147-55.
  • 30. Çayır A, Atak N, Köse S. Beslenme ve diyet kliniğine başvuranlarda obezite durumu ve etkili faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 2011;64(1):13-19.
  • 31. Fouad MF, Rastam S, Ward KD, Maziak W. Prevalence of Obesity and Its Associated Factors in Allepo, Syria. Prevention and Control 2006;2(2):85-94.
  • 32. Noun l, Sohar E, Laor A. Neck circumference as a simple screening measure for identifying overweight and obese patients. Obesity Research 2001;9(8):470-7.
  • 33. Nazlıcan E, Demirhindi H, Akbaba M. Adana İli Solaklı ve Karataş Merkez Sağlık Ocağı Bölgesinde Yaşayan 20-64 Yaş Arası Kadınlarda Obezite ve İlişkili Risk Faktörlerinin İncelenmesi, Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2011;1(2):5-12.
  • 34. Babikr W, Alshahrani A, Hamid H, Abdelraheem A, Shalayel M. The correlation of HbA1c with body mass index and HDL-cholesterol in type 2 diabetic patients. Biomedical Research 2016;27(4):1280-3.
  • 35. Bala M, Meenakshi, Menaka K, Gupta A. Correlation of HbA1C Levels With Body Mass Index in Newly Diagnosed Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. EJIFCC 2017;28(3):196–204.
  • 36. Yeşil E, Özdemir M, Arıtıcı G, Aksoydan E. Bel/Boy Oranı ve Diğer Antropometrik Ölçümlerin Kronik Hastalık Riski ile İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi, Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2019;1082:241-6.
  • 37. Elochukwu AC, Uchenna EA, Nasir İA, Faith EA, Babayo A, Udoh AE. Evaluation of fasting lipid profile and glycated hemoglobin in obese subjects at University of Calabar teaching hospital, Nigeria. International Journal of Biomedical Research 2015;6(03):200-9.
  • 38. Mathers CD, Loncar D. Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med 2006;3(11).
  • 39. Hruby A, Hu FB. The Epidemiology of Obesity: A Big Picture, Pharmacoeconomics 2015;33(7):673–89.
  • 40. Bray GA. Medical consequences of obesity. Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89(6):2583-9.
  • 41. Lim S, Kim K, Kim M, Woo S, Choi S, Park K. The Association of Maximum Body Weight on the Development of Type 2 Diabetes and Microvascular Complications: Maxwell Study. PLoS One, 2013;8(12).
  • 42. Kinlen D, Cody D, O’Shea D. Complications of obesity, QJM: An International Journal of Medicine 2018;111(7):437–43.
  • 43. Ahmed A, Alanazi W, Ahmed R, AlJohi W, AlBuraikan D ve ark. The influences of bariatric surgery on hemoglobin A1c in a sample of obese patients in Saudi Arabia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2018;11:271–76.
  • 44. Shantha G, Kumar A, Kahan S. Association Between Glycosylated Hemoglobin and Intentional Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study. The Diabetes Educator, 2012;38(3):417-26.
  • 45. Elhayany A, Lustman A, Abel R, Attal-Singer J, Vinker S. A low carbohydrate Mediterranean diet improves cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes control among overweight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 1-year prospective randomized intervention study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2010;12(3):204-9.
  • 46. Agrawal N, Agrawal MK, Kumari T, Kumar S. Correlation between Body Mass Index and Blood Glucose Levels in Jharkhand Population. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research, 2017;4(8): 1633-6.
  • 47. Kutlutürk F, Öztürk B, Yıldırım B, Özuğurlu F, Çetin İ, Etikan İ ve ark. Obezite prevalansı ve metabolik risk faktörleri ile ilişkisi: Tokat ili prevalans çalışması, Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences 2011;31(1):156-63.
  • 48. Hossain I, Islam S, Hasan MR, Akter M, Khoka SH. Fasting blood glucose level and its association with sex, body mass index and blood pressure: a cross sectional study on a Bangladeshi public university students. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health 2017;4(8):2663-9.
  • 49. Innocent O, ThankGod O, Sandra E, Josiah I. Correlation between body mass index and blood glucose levels among some Nigerian undergraduates, HOAJ Biology, 2013;2(4):1-4.
  • 50. Sepp E, Kolk H, Loivukene K, Mikelsaar M. Higher blood glucose level associated with body mass index and gut microbiota in elderly people, Microb Ecol Health Dis 2014;25(1):22857.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Orijinal Research
Authors

Arzu Tunca This is me 0000-0001-5067-6883

Hande Öngün Yılmaz 0000-0002-3497-567X

Publication Date January 15, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 29 Issue: 6

Cite

Vancouver Tunca A, Öngün Yılmaz H. Yetişkin Bireylerde Beden Kütle İndeksi ve Hemoglobin A1c Düzeyleri ile Beslenme Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. JCME. 2021;29(6):414-21.