Research Article
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TURKISH ADAPTATION OF SENSE OF COMMUNITY IN SPORT INSTRUMENT: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY

Year 2019, Volume: 17 Issue: 3, 213 - 221, 30.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.498362

Abstract

PPurpose of this study was adapting “Sense of
Community in Sport Instrument” (SCS) developed by Warner, Kerwin, and Walker
(2013). Sample consisted of 124 females, 98 males, and 222 in total athletes (Mage = 15 ± 1.91 years). developed to
assess sense of community in sport setting. The scale includes 21 items and 6
sub-dimensions: Administrative Consideration, Common Interest, Competition,
Equity in Administrative Decisions, Leadership Opportunities, and Social Spaces.
Descriptives, Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient, Pearson
correlation analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were used in data
analyses. Correlation values between Turkish and English forms differ between
0.76 - 0.97 while, internal consistency coefficients were between 0.67 - 0.84
for sub-dimensions. According to confirmatory factor analysis, factor loadings
of the scale range between 0.59 and 0.81. Turkish version of SCS with displayed
an acceptable and/or perfect model-data fit (χ2/df = 1.95, RMSEA=0.066,
CFI=0.97, NFI=0.94, NNFI=0.96, GFI=0.87). When
findings are interpreted, it may be said that the model was found fit and
questionnaire has construct validity. Therefore, as a valid and reliable scale,
Turkish version of “Sense of Community in Sport Instrument” can be used in
forthcoming studies.

References

  • Arague, J.C., Kang, G., Melia, K. (2018). Impact of Recreational Sports to Individuals with Physical and Developmental Disabilities and their Caregivers: A Pilot Study. Journal of Behavioral and Social Sciences, 5, 136-147.
  • Berkman, L. F., Glass, T., Brissette, I., & Seeman, T. E. (2000). From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium. Social science & medicine, 51(6), 843-857.
  • Bishop, P. D., Chertok, F., & Jason, L. A. (1997). Measuring sense of community: Beyond local boundaries. Journal of Primary Prevention, 18(2), 193-212.
  • Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230-258.
  • Cicognani, E., Mazzoni, D., Albanesi, C., & Zani, B. (2015). Sense of community and empowerment among young people: Understanding pathways from civic participation to social well-being. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 26(1), 24-44.
  • Chavis, D. M., Hogge, J. H., McMillan, D. W., & Wandersman, A. (1986). Sense of community through Brunswik’s lens: A first look. Journal of Community Psychology, 14(1), 24–40.
  • Çokluk Ö, Şekercioğlu G, Büyüköztürk Ş. (2014). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. (3. Baskı), Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Dionigi, R. A., & Lyons, K. (2010). Examining layers of community in leisure contexts: A case analysis of older adults in an exercise intervention. Journal of leisure research, 42(2), 317.
  • Fairley, S., & Tyler, B. D. (2012). Bringing baseball to the big screen: Building sense of community outside of the ballpark. Journal of Sport Management, 26(3), 258-270.
  • Fisher, A. T., Sonn, C. C., & Bishop, B. J. (2002). Psychological sense of community: Research, applications, and implications. (A. T. Fisher, C. C. Sonn, & B. J. Bishop, Eds.). New York, NY, US: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2016). IBM SPSS statistics 23 step by step: A simple guide and reference. Routledge.
  • Goodwin, D., Johnston, K., Gustafson, P., Elliott, M., Thurmeier, R., & Kuttai, H. (2009). It’s okay to be a quad: Wheelchair rugby players’ sense of community. Adapted physical activity quarterly, 26(2), 102-117.
  • Goodwin, D. L., Lieberman, L. J., Johnston, K., & Leo, J. (2011). Connecting through summer camp: Youth with visual impairments find a sense of community. Adapted physical activity quarterly, 28, 40-55.
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1998). Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods, 3(4), 424.
  • Kerwin, S., Warner, S., Walker, M., & Stevens, J. (2015). Exploring sense of community among small-scale sport event volunteers. European Sport Management Quarterly, 15(1), 77-92.
  • Lance, C. E., Butts, M. M., & Michels, L. C. (2006). The sources of four commonly reported cutoff criteria: What did they really say?. Organizational Research Methods, 9(2), 202-220.
  • Legg, E., Wells, M. S., & Barile, J. P. (2015). Factors related to sense of community in youth sport parents. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 33(2), 73-86.
  • Legg, E., Rose, J., Tanner, P. J., & Newland, A. (2018). Exploring sense of community in a relocated sports fan group. Sport in Society, 21(9), 1319-1336.
  • Legg, E., Wells, M., Newland, A., & Tanner, P. (2017). Exploring sense of community in adult recreational tennis. World Leisure Journal, 59(1), 39-53.
  • Lin, Y. C., Chalip, L., & Christine Green, B. (2016). The essential role of sense of community in a youth sport program. Leisure Sciences, 38(5), 461-481.
  • McMillan, D. W., & Chavis, D. M. (1986). Sense of Community: A Definition and Theory. Journal of Community Psychology, 14(1), 6–23.
  • Murphy, C.O. & Davidshofer, K.R. (2005). Psychological testing: Principles and applications.
  • Nistor, N., Daxecker, I., Stanciu, D., & Diekamp, O. (2015). Sense of community in academic communities of practice: Predictors and effects. Higher Education, 69(2), 257-273.
  • Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric theory. McGrawHill.
  • Peachey, J. W., Cohen, A., Borland, J., & Lyras, A. (2011). Building social capital: Examining the impact of Street Soccer USA on its volunteers. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 48(1), 20-37.
  • Pickett, A. C., Goldsmith, A., Damon, Z., & Walker, M. (2016). The influence of sense of community on the perceived value of physical activity: A cross-context analysis. Leisure sciences, 38(3), 199-214.
  • Phipps, C., Cooper, N., Shores, K., Williams, R., & Mize, N. (2015). Examining the relationship between intramural sports participation and sense of community among college students. Recreational Sports Journal, 39(2), 105-120.
  • Sarason, S.B. (1974). The psychological sense of community: Prospects for a community psychology. San Francisco, CA: lossey-Bass.
  • Sayer, E., Beaven, A., Stringer, P., & Hermena, E. (2013). Investigating sense of community in primary schools. Educational & Child Psychology, 30(1), 9-25.
  • Scotto di Luzio, S., Guillet‐Descas, E., Procentese, F., & Martinent, G. (2017). Construction and validation of the Sport Sense of Community in Adolescence Questionnaire (SSCAQ). Journal of Community Psychology, 45(6), 783-795.
  • Stevens, E. B., Jason, L. A., Ferrari, J. R., Olson, B., & Legler, R. (2012). Sense of community among individuals in substance abuse recovery. Journal of groups in addiction & recovery, 7(1), 15-28.
  • Tabachnick, B.G., Fidell, L.S. (2015). Using multivariate statistics. M Baloğlu (çev.), (6. Baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Tingle, J. K., Warner, S., & Sartore-Baldwin, M. L. (2014). The experience of former women officials and the impact on the sporting community. Sex Roles, 71(1-2), 7-20.
  • Warner, S., & Dixon, M. A. (2011). Understanding sense of community from the athlete’s perspective. Journal of Sport Management, 25(3), 257-271.
  • Warner, S., Dixon, M. A., & Chalip, L. (2012). The impact of formal versus informal sport: Mapping the differences in sense of community. Journal of Community Psychology, 40(8), 983-1003.
  • Warner, S., Kerwin, S., & Walker, M. (2013). Examining sense of community in sport: Developing the multidimensional ‘SCS’ Scale. Journal of Sport Management, 27(5), 349-362.
  • Warner, S., Sparvero, E., Shapiro, S., Anderson, A. (2017). Yielding healthy community with sport? Journal of Sport for Development, 5(8), 41-52.
  • Wheaton, B., Muthen, B., Alwin, D., F., and Summers, G. (1977), "Assessing reliability and stability in panel models," Sociological Methodology, 8 (1), 84-136.
  • Wolf-Wendel, L., Toma, J. D., & Morphew, C. C. (2001). There's no" I" in" team": Lessons from athletics on community building. The Review of Higher Education, 24(4), 369-396.

SPORDA TOPLULUK HİSSİ ÖLÇEĞİNİ (STHÖ) TÜRKÇEYE UYARLAMA: GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI

Year 2019, Volume: 17 Issue: 3, 213 - 221, 30.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.498362

Abstract

BBu çalışmanın
amacı, Warner, Kerwin, ve Walker (2013) tarafından geliştirilen Sporda
Topluluk Hissi Ölçeğinin (STHÖ) Türkçe’ye uyarlanmasıdır. Araştırmaya 124 kız,
98 erkek, toplam 222 aktif sporcu (ort.yaş= 15 ± 1.91 yıl) katılmıştır. STHÖ;
spor ortamında topluluk hissini ölçmek amacıyla geliştirilmiştir. Ölçek 21
madde ve 6 alt boyuttan oluşmaktadır: İdari Değerlendirme, Ortak İlgi, İdari
Kararlarda Eşitlik, Liderlik Fırsatları, Sosyal Alanlar, Rekabet. Verilerin
analizinde betimleyici analizler, Cronbach’s alfa iç tutarlık katsayısı,
pearson korelasyon analizi ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi kullanılmıştır. Türkçe
İngilizce formların korelasyonlarının 0.76 - 0.93
arasında; iç
tutarlık değerlerinin 0.67 - 0.84 arasında değiştiği görülmektedir. Doğrulayıcı
faktör analizi sonuçlarına göre, faktör yük değerlerinin ise 0.59 ve 0.81
arasında olduğu bulunmuştur. STHÖ’nin, model
veri uyumuyla ilişkili olan değerlerinin (χ2/sd=1.95, RMSEA= 0.066, CFI= 0.97, NFI=0.94, NNFI=0.96, GFI=0.87) kabul edilebilir ve mükemmel
uyum sınırlarında göstermektedir. Elde edilen sonuçların tamamı ele
alındığında, modelin veriyle uyum gösterdiği ve ölçeğin yapısal geçerliğe sahip
olduğu görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, “Sporda
Topluluk Hissi Ölçeği” Türkçe versiyonu geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı
olarak araştırmalarda kullanılabileceği söylenebilir.

References

  • Arague, J.C., Kang, G., Melia, K. (2018). Impact of Recreational Sports to Individuals with Physical and Developmental Disabilities and their Caregivers: A Pilot Study. Journal of Behavioral and Social Sciences, 5, 136-147.
  • Berkman, L. F., Glass, T., Brissette, I., & Seeman, T. E. (2000). From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium. Social science & medicine, 51(6), 843-857.
  • Bishop, P. D., Chertok, F., & Jason, L. A. (1997). Measuring sense of community: Beyond local boundaries. Journal of Primary Prevention, 18(2), 193-212.
  • Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230-258.
  • Cicognani, E., Mazzoni, D., Albanesi, C., & Zani, B. (2015). Sense of community and empowerment among young people: Understanding pathways from civic participation to social well-being. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 26(1), 24-44.
  • Chavis, D. M., Hogge, J. H., McMillan, D. W., & Wandersman, A. (1986). Sense of community through Brunswik’s lens: A first look. Journal of Community Psychology, 14(1), 24–40.
  • Çokluk Ö, Şekercioğlu G, Büyüköztürk Ş. (2014). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. (3. Baskı), Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Dionigi, R. A., & Lyons, K. (2010). Examining layers of community in leisure contexts: A case analysis of older adults in an exercise intervention. Journal of leisure research, 42(2), 317.
  • Fairley, S., & Tyler, B. D. (2012). Bringing baseball to the big screen: Building sense of community outside of the ballpark. Journal of Sport Management, 26(3), 258-270.
  • Fisher, A. T., Sonn, C. C., & Bishop, B. J. (2002). Psychological sense of community: Research, applications, and implications. (A. T. Fisher, C. C. Sonn, & B. J. Bishop, Eds.). New York, NY, US: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2016). IBM SPSS statistics 23 step by step: A simple guide and reference. Routledge.
  • Goodwin, D., Johnston, K., Gustafson, P., Elliott, M., Thurmeier, R., & Kuttai, H. (2009). It’s okay to be a quad: Wheelchair rugby players’ sense of community. Adapted physical activity quarterly, 26(2), 102-117.
  • Goodwin, D. L., Lieberman, L. J., Johnston, K., & Leo, J. (2011). Connecting through summer camp: Youth with visual impairments find a sense of community. Adapted physical activity quarterly, 28, 40-55.
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1998). Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods, 3(4), 424.
  • Kerwin, S., Warner, S., Walker, M., & Stevens, J. (2015). Exploring sense of community among small-scale sport event volunteers. European Sport Management Quarterly, 15(1), 77-92.
  • Lance, C. E., Butts, M. M., & Michels, L. C. (2006). The sources of four commonly reported cutoff criteria: What did they really say?. Organizational Research Methods, 9(2), 202-220.
  • Legg, E., Wells, M. S., & Barile, J. P. (2015). Factors related to sense of community in youth sport parents. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 33(2), 73-86.
  • Legg, E., Rose, J., Tanner, P. J., & Newland, A. (2018). Exploring sense of community in a relocated sports fan group. Sport in Society, 21(9), 1319-1336.
  • Legg, E., Wells, M., Newland, A., & Tanner, P. (2017). Exploring sense of community in adult recreational tennis. World Leisure Journal, 59(1), 39-53.
  • Lin, Y. C., Chalip, L., & Christine Green, B. (2016). The essential role of sense of community in a youth sport program. Leisure Sciences, 38(5), 461-481.
  • McMillan, D. W., & Chavis, D. M. (1986). Sense of Community: A Definition and Theory. Journal of Community Psychology, 14(1), 6–23.
  • Murphy, C.O. & Davidshofer, K.R. (2005). Psychological testing: Principles and applications.
  • Nistor, N., Daxecker, I., Stanciu, D., & Diekamp, O. (2015). Sense of community in academic communities of practice: Predictors and effects. Higher Education, 69(2), 257-273.
  • Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric theory. McGrawHill.
  • Peachey, J. W., Cohen, A., Borland, J., & Lyras, A. (2011). Building social capital: Examining the impact of Street Soccer USA on its volunteers. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 48(1), 20-37.
  • Pickett, A. C., Goldsmith, A., Damon, Z., & Walker, M. (2016). The influence of sense of community on the perceived value of physical activity: A cross-context analysis. Leisure sciences, 38(3), 199-214.
  • Phipps, C., Cooper, N., Shores, K., Williams, R., & Mize, N. (2015). Examining the relationship between intramural sports participation and sense of community among college students. Recreational Sports Journal, 39(2), 105-120.
  • Sarason, S.B. (1974). The psychological sense of community: Prospects for a community psychology. San Francisco, CA: lossey-Bass.
  • Sayer, E., Beaven, A., Stringer, P., & Hermena, E. (2013). Investigating sense of community in primary schools. Educational & Child Psychology, 30(1), 9-25.
  • Scotto di Luzio, S., Guillet‐Descas, E., Procentese, F., & Martinent, G. (2017). Construction and validation of the Sport Sense of Community in Adolescence Questionnaire (SSCAQ). Journal of Community Psychology, 45(6), 783-795.
  • Stevens, E. B., Jason, L. A., Ferrari, J. R., Olson, B., & Legler, R. (2012). Sense of community among individuals in substance abuse recovery. Journal of groups in addiction & recovery, 7(1), 15-28.
  • Tabachnick, B.G., Fidell, L.S. (2015). Using multivariate statistics. M Baloğlu (çev.), (6. Baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Tingle, J. K., Warner, S., & Sartore-Baldwin, M. L. (2014). The experience of former women officials and the impact on the sporting community. Sex Roles, 71(1-2), 7-20.
  • Warner, S., & Dixon, M. A. (2011). Understanding sense of community from the athlete’s perspective. Journal of Sport Management, 25(3), 257-271.
  • Warner, S., Dixon, M. A., & Chalip, L. (2012). The impact of formal versus informal sport: Mapping the differences in sense of community. Journal of Community Psychology, 40(8), 983-1003.
  • Warner, S., Kerwin, S., & Walker, M. (2013). Examining sense of community in sport: Developing the multidimensional ‘SCS’ Scale. Journal of Sport Management, 27(5), 349-362.
  • Warner, S., Sparvero, E., Shapiro, S., Anderson, A. (2017). Yielding healthy community with sport? Journal of Sport for Development, 5(8), 41-52.
  • Wheaton, B., Muthen, B., Alwin, D., F., and Summers, G. (1977), "Assessing reliability and stability in panel models," Sociological Methodology, 8 (1), 84-136.
  • Wolf-Wendel, L., Toma, J. D., & Morphew, C. C. (2001). There's no" I" in" team": Lessons from athletics on community building. The Review of Higher Education, 24(4), 369-396.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Sinan Yıldırım 0000-0002-0307-7922

Alper Yıldız This is me 0000-0003-1158-7997

Ziya Koruç 0000-0001-7089-401X

Publication Date September 30, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 17 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yıldırım, S., Yıldız, A., & Koruç, Z. (2019). SPORDA TOPLULUK HİSSİ ÖLÇEĞİNİ (STHÖ) TÜRKÇEYE UYARLAMA: GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(3), 213-221. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.498362

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