The effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on microhardness and SEM-EDS analysis of glass ionomer cement and amalgomer
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, titanyum dioksit (TiO2) nanopartikül ilavesinin, bir geleneksel cam-iyonomer ve bir amalgomerin elementel kompozisyonu ve mikro sertliği üzerine etkisini incelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada, bir geleneksel cam iyonomer siman ve bir amalgomer kullanıldı. Her bir materyalden teflon kalıplar (8x2) kullanılarak 17 adet disk şeklinde örnek hazırlandı ve kontrol grubu olarak belirlendi. Daha sonra her bir materyal, anataz fazında, partikül büyüklüğü 17 nm olan ağırlıkça % 3 oranında TiO2 nanopartiküller ile karıştırıldı. TiO2 nanopartikül ihtiva eden her bir materyalden de 17 adet örnek hazırlanarak deney grupları oluşturuldu. TiO2 nanopartiküllerinin karakterizasyonu, gruplara ait örneklerin yüzey morfolojisinin değerlendirilmesi ve elemental kompozisyonlarının analizi, Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) ve Enerji Dağılım Spektrometresi (SEM-EDS) ile gerçekleştirildi. Örnekler, 100 g yükte 10 sn boyunca Vickers mikro sertlik testine tabi tutuldu. Veriler, Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis ve Bonferroni post-hoc testleri ile analiz edildi (p=0.05).
Bulgular: EDS haritalaması, kontrol ve deney gruplarının bileşiminde, geleneksel cam iyonomerler için tipik olan elementlerin varlığını ve deney gruplarının bileşiminde yüksek oranda titanium varlığı gösterdi. Mikro sertlik verileri, kontrol grubuna kıyasla deney gruplarında istatistiksel olarak anlamsız küçük bir artış gösterdi (p>0.05). En yüksek ortalama mikro sertlik değeri Amalgomer'de (deney grubu) (84.34 ± 4.33) kaydedilirken, İonofil (kontrol grubu) en düşük ortalama mikro sertlik değerini (58.62 ± 6.90) gösterdi.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sınırları dahilinde, modifiye edilmemiş GIC'lere ve amalgomere kıyasla, % 3 Ti02 nanopartikül ilavesinin test edilen materyallerin yüzey mikro sertliğini, istatistiksel olarak önemsiz olmasına rağmen, arttırdığı sonucuna varılabilir.
Keywords
References
- Referans1. Khurshid Z, Zafar M, Qasim S, Shahab S, Naseem M, AbuReqaiba A. Advances in nanotechnology for restorative dentistry. Materials (Basel) 2015;8:717-31.
- Referans2. Garcia-Contreras R, Scougall-Vilchis RJ, Contreras-Bulnes R, Kanda Y, Nakajima H, Sakagami H. Effects of TiO2 nano glass ionomer cements against normal and cancer oral cells. In Vivo 2014;28:895-907.
- Referans3. Felemban NH and Ebrahim MI. The influence of adding modified zirconium oxide-titanium dioxide nano-particles on mechanical properties of orthodontic adhesive: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2017;17:43.
- Referans4. Hamid N, Telgi RL, Tirth A, Tandon V, Chandra S, Chaturvedi RK. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles and cetylpyridinium chloride enriched glass-ıonomer restorative cement: A comparative study assessing compressive strength and antibacterial activity. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;43:42-5.
- Referans5. Elsaka SE, Hamouda IM, Swain MV. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles addition to a conventional glass-ionomer restorative: Influence on physical and antibacterial properties. J Dent 2011;39:589-98.
- Referans6. Gjorgievska E, Van Tendeloo G, Nicholson JW, Coleman NJ, Slipper IJ, Booth S. The incorporation of nanoparticles into conventional glass-ionomer dental restorative cements. Microsc Microanal 2015;21:392-406.
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- Referans8. Ching HS, Luddin N, Kannan TP, Ab Rahman I, Abdul Ghani NRN. Modification of glass ionomer cements on their physical-mechanical and antimicrobial properties. J Esthet Restor Dent 2018;30:557-71.
- Referans9. Bhattacharya A, Vaidya S, Tomer AK, Raina A. GIC at It’s best – A review on ceramic reinforced GIC. Int J Appl Dent Sci 2017; 3: 405-8.
- Referans10. Bariker RH and Mandroli SP. An in-vitro evaluation of antibacterial effect of Amalgomer CR and Fuji VII against bacteria causing severe early childhood caries. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2016;34:23-9.
- Referans11. Moshaverinia M, Borzabadi-Farahani A, Sameni A, Moshaverinia A, Ansari S. Effects of incorporation of nano-fluorapatite particles on microhardness, fluoride releasing properties, and biocompatibility of a conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC). Dent Mater J 2016;35:817-21.
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- Referans13. Yu B, Ahn JS, LimJI, Lee YK. Influence of TiO2 nanoparticles on the optical properties of resin composites. Dent Mater 2009;25(9):1142-7.
- Referans14. Sun J, Forster AM, Johnson PM, Eidelman N, Quinn G, Schumacher G, et al. Improving performance of dental resins by adding titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Dent Mater 2011 ;27:972-82.
- Referans15. Allam G, Abd El-Geleel O. Evaluating the mechanical properties, and calcium and fluoride release of glass-ionomer cement modified with chicken eggshell powder. Dent J (Basel) 2018;6:40.
- Referans16. Poornima P, Koley P, Kenchappa M, Nagaveni NB, Bharath KP, Neena IE. Comparative evaluation of compressive strength and surface microhardness of EQUIA Forte, resin-modified glass-ionomer cement with conventional glass-ionomer cement. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2019;37:265-70.
- Referans17. Sharafeddin F, Shoale S, Kowkabi M. Effects of different percentages of microhydroxyapatite on microhardness of resin-modified glass-ionomer and zirconomer. J Clin Exp Dent 2017;9:805-11.
- Referans18. Buldur M and Karaarslan ES. Microhardness of glass carbomer and high viscous glass ionomer cement in different thickness and thermo-light curing durations after thermocycling aging. BMC Oral Health 2019;19:273.
- Referans19. Kuter B, Eden E, Yildiz H. The effect of heat on the mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2013;14:90-4.
- Referans20. Moberg M, Brewster J, Nicholson J, Roberts H. Physical property investigation of contemporary glass ionomer and resin-modified glass ionomer restorative materials. Clin Oral Investig 2019;23:1295-1308.
- Referans21. Moharam LM, El-Hoshy AZ, Abou-Elenein K. The effect of different insertion techniques on the depth of cure and vickers surface microhardness of two bulk-fill resin composite materials. J Clin Exp Dent 2017;9:266-71.
- Referans22. Garcia-Contreras R, Scougall-Vilchis RJ, Contreras-Bulnes R, Sakagami H, Morales-Luckie RA, Nakajima H. Mechanical, antibacterial and bond strength properties of nano-titanium-enriched glass ionomer cement. J Appl Oral Sci 2015;23:321-8.
- Referans23. Topaloglu-Ak A, Cogulu D, Ersin NK, Sen BH. Microhardness and surface roughness of glass ionomer cements after APF and TiF4 applications. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2012;37:45-51.
The Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles On Microhardness and SEM-EDS Analysis of Glass Ionomer Cement and Amalgomer
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the addition of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on elemental composition and micro hardness of a conventional glass-ionomer and an amalgomer.
Methods: A conventional glass ionomer cement (GICs) and an amalgomer were used in this study. Seventeen samples were prepared from each material using teflon molds (8 x 2) and determined as the control group. Each material was then blended with 3 % (w/w) TiO2 nanoparticles (anatase phase, 17 nm particle size) and seventeen samples were prepared to form experimental groups. Characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles, surface morphology evaluation and elemental composition analysis of the specimens were performed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Distribution Spectrometry (SEM-EDS). Specimens were submitted to the Vickers micro hardness test for 10 seconds at a load of 100gf. Data were analyzed with Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni post-hoc tests (p=0.05).
Results: EDS mapping showed the presence of elements typical for (GICs) in the composition of the control and experimental groups and a high proportion of titanium in the composition of experimental groups. Micro hardness data showed a small insignificant increase for the experimental groups compared with the control groups (p>0.05). While the highest mean microhardness value was recorded in Amalgomer (experimental) (84.34±4.33), Ionofil (control) exhibited the lowest mean micro hardness value (58.62±6.90).
Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the addition of 3% Ti02 nanoparticles improves the surface microhardness of the tested materials, although statistically insignificant, compared to unmodified GICs and amalgomer.
Keywords
References
- Referans1. Khurshid Z, Zafar M, Qasim S, Shahab S, Naseem M, AbuReqaiba A. Advances in nanotechnology for restorative dentistry. Materials (Basel) 2015;8:717-31.
- Referans2. Garcia-Contreras R, Scougall-Vilchis RJ, Contreras-Bulnes R, Kanda Y, Nakajima H, Sakagami H. Effects of TiO2 nano glass ionomer cements against normal and cancer oral cells. In Vivo 2014;28:895-907.
- Referans3. Felemban NH and Ebrahim MI. The influence of adding modified zirconium oxide-titanium dioxide nano-particles on mechanical properties of orthodontic adhesive: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2017;17:43.
- Referans4. Hamid N, Telgi RL, Tirth A, Tandon V, Chandra S, Chaturvedi RK. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles and cetylpyridinium chloride enriched glass-ıonomer restorative cement: A comparative study assessing compressive strength and antibacterial activity. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;43:42-5.
- Referans5. Elsaka SE, Hamouda IM, Swain MV. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles addition to a conventional glass-ionomer restorative: Influence on physical and antibacterial properties. J Dent 2011;39:589-98.
- Referans6. Gjorgievska E, Van Tendeloo G, Nicholson JW, Coleman NJ, Slipper IJ, Booth S. The incorporation of nanoparticles into conventional glass-ionomer dental restorative cements. Microsc Microanal 2015;21:392-406.
- Referans7. Najeeb S, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, Khan AS, Zohaib S, Martí JM, et al. Modifications in glass ionomer cements: Nano-sized fillers and bioactive nanoceramics. Int J Mol Sci 2016;17:1134.
- Referans8. Ching HS, Luddin N, Kannan TP, Ab Rahman I, Abdul Ghani NRN. Modification of glass ionomer cements on their physical-mechanical and antimicrobial properties. J Esthet Restor Dent 2018;30:557-71.
- Referans9. Bhattacharya A, Vaidya S, Tomer AK, Raina A. GIC at It’s best – A review on ceramic reinforced GIC. Int J Appl Dent Sci 2017; 3: 405-8.
- Referans10. Bariker RH and Mandroli SP. An in-vitro evaluation of antibacterial effect of Amalgomer CR and Fuji VII against bacteria causing severe early childhood caries. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2016;34:23-9.
- Referans11. Moshaverinia M, Borzabadi-Farahani A, Sameni A, Moshaverinia A, Ansari S. Effects of incorporation of nano-fluorapatite particles on microhardness, fluoride releasing properties, and biocompatibility of a conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC). Dent Mater J 2016;35:817-21.
- Referans12. Moshaverinia A, Ansari S, Moshaverinia M, Roohpour N, Darr JA, Rehman I. Effects of incorporation of hydroxyapatite and fluoroapatite nanobioceramics into conventional glass ionomer cements (GIC). Acta Biomater 2008;4:432-40.
- Referans13. Yu B, Ahn JS, LimJI, Lee YK. Influence of TiO2 nanoparticles on the optical properties of resin composites. Dent Mater 2009;25(9):1142-7.
- Referans14. Sun J, Forster AM, Johnson PM, Eidelman N, Quinn G, Schumacher G, et al. Improving performance of dental resins by adding titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Dent Mater 2011 ;27:972-82.
- Referans15. Allam G, Abd El-Geleel O. Evaluating the mechanical properties, and calcium and fluoride release of glass-ionomer cement modified with chicken eggshell powder. Dent J (Basel) 2018;6:40.
- Referans16. Poornima P, Koley P, Kenchappa M, Nagaveni NB, Bharath KP, Neena IE. Comparative evaluation of compressive strength and surface microhardness of EQUIA Forte, resin-modified glass-ionomer cement with conventional glass-ionomer cement. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2019;37:265-70.
- Referans17. Sharafeddin F, Shoale S, Kowkabi M. Effects of different percentages of microhydroxyapatite on microhardness of resin-modified glass-ionomer and zirconomer. J Clin Exp Dent 2017;9:805-11.
- Referans18. Buldur M and Karaarslan ES. Microhardness of glass carbomer and high viscous glass ionomer cement in different thickness and thermo-light curing durations after thermocycling aging. BMC Oral Health 2019;19:273.
- Referans19. Kuter B, Eden E, Yildiz H. The effect of heat on the mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2013;14:90-4.
- Referans20. Moberg M, Brewster J, Nicholson J, Roberts H. Physical property investigation of contemporary glass ionomer and resin-modified glass ionomer restorative materials. Clin Oral Investig 2019;23:1295-1308.
- Referans21. Moharam LM, El-Hoshy AZ, Abou-Elenein K. The effect of different insertion techniques on the depth of cure and vickers surface microhardness of two bulk-fill resin composite materials. J Clin Exp Dent 2017;9:266-71.
- Referans22. Garcia-Contreras R, Scougall-Vilchis RJ, Contreras-Bulnes R, Sakagami H, Morales-Luckie RA, Nakajima H. Mechanical, antibacterial and bond strength properties of nano-titanium-enriched glass ionomer cement. J Appl Oral Sci 2015;23:321-8.
- Referans23. Topaloglu-Ak A, Cogulu D, Ersin NK, Sen BH. Microhardness and surface roughness of glass ionomer cements after APF and TiF4 applications. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2012;37:45-51.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Dentistry |
| Journal Section | Research |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 31, 2021 |
| Submission Date | May 12, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 8 Issue: 3 |
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