Abstract
Amaç:Yönetim becerileri, eczacılar için klinik bilgi ve fırsatları geliştirmenin yanında ikincil bir odak haline gelen meslek için temel becerilerdir. İnsan kaynakları becerileri (iletişim, empati), faturalandırma, geri ödeme ve diğer birçok yönetim odaklı konulardaki başarının temelidir. Eczacı tarafından sağlanan klinik hizmetlerde başarı, hem insan kaynakları yönetimi hem de uygulama optimizasyonu için işletme yönetimi konusunda bilgili ve verimli bir uygulayıcı olmadan var olamaz.Bu çalışma toplum eczacılarının yönetim eğitimi hakkındaki görüşleri ve bilgi ihtiyaçlarını tespit ederek eczane yönetim becerilerini değerlendirmek amacı ile yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan 5’li likert tipi soruların bulunduğu formlar, anket tekniği ile internet ortamında toplum eczacılarına yöneltilmiş, gönüllü olanların çalışmaya katılmaları istenmiştir. 107 katılımcının görüşleri değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan gönüllülere sorulan sorular 4 bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölüm, demografik bilgiler; ikinci bölüm, yönetim eğitimi ve içeriği; üçüncü bölüm, yönetim becerileri ve uygulamaları ile ilgili tutumları ve son bölüm ise yönetim eğitimi ile ilgili önerileri belirlemek üzere hazırlanmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, eczacıların %33,65’i yönetim ile ilgili dersler aldığını, %66,35’i ise almadığını belirtmiştir. Yönetim ile ilgili eğitim aldığını bildiren katılımcıların %61,11’i meslek içi eğitimlerde, %30,56’sı kendi imkanlarıyla, %8,33’ü lisans eğitimi sırasında ve son olarak %2,78’i ise işletme alanında yüksek lisans programına katılarak yönetim dersleri aldıklarını belirtmişlerdir.
Sonuç:Günümüzde mesleki bilgiler yanında yönetim becerilerinin önemi her geçen gün artmaktadır; bu çalışma da bu görüşü destekler niteliktedir. Türkiye’deki Eczacılık Fakülteleri eğitim programı içinde az da olsa yönetim ile ilgili derslerin olduğu; ancak, yapılan bu çalışmayla lisans eğitimi sırasında yönetim ile ilgili konulara yeterli vurgunun yapılmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
References
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- Shetty NS. Management education in India: Trends, relevanceandchallengesahead. Nitte Management Review. 2014; 8(2): 139-48.
- Mohajan HK. Theroles of knowledgemanagementforthedevelopment of organizations. Journal of ScientificAchievements. 2017; 2(2): 1-27. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/83038/.
- Balaji R. Trends, issues, andchallenges in managementeducation. International Journal of InnovativeResearch in Science, EngineeringandTechnology. 2013; 2(4): 1257-262.
- Oza V, Parab S. Three pillars of qualitymanagementeducation in India in the 21st century. International Journal of e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning 2012; 2(1): 67-71.
- Yadav A, Prakash A. Factorsinfluencingsustainabledevelopmentintegration in managementeducation: An empiricalassessment of managementeducationinstitutions in India. The International Journal of Management Education 2022; 20(1): 100604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2022.100604.
- Geschwill R, Nieswandt M. A briefhistory of themanagementıdeas of thetwentiethcentury. In: Lateral Management. Future of Business and Finance. Cham: Springer; 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46496-7_2.
- Slavcev RA, Waite NM, Jennings B. Shapingpharmacystudentsʼbusinessandmanagementaptitudeandattitude. Currents in PharmacyTeachingand Learning. 2016; 5(8): 672-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2016.06.003.
- Medina MS, Plaza CM, Stowe CD, Robinson ET, DeLander G, Beck DE, et al. Center fortheadvancement of pharmacyeducation 2013 educationaloutcomes. AmericanJournal of PharmaceuticalEducation. 2013; 77 (8): 162. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe778162.
- Association of Faculties of Pharmacy of Canada. EducationalOutcomesfor First Professional Degree Programs in Pharmacy (Entry-to-PracticePharmacy Programs) in Canada. [Internet]. [Cited: 2021 September 10]. Availablefrom: http://www.afpc.info/sites/default/files/AFPC%20Educational%20Outcomes.pdf.
- Nemire RE, Meyer SM. Educatingstudentsforpractice: Educationaloutcomesandcommunityexperience. AmericanJournal of PharmaceuticalEducation. 2006; 70(1): 20-7. https://doi.org/10.5688/aj700120
- Mospan CM. Management educationwithinpharmacycurricula: A needforinnovation, Currents in PharmacyTeachingand Learning. 2017; 9(2): 171-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2016.11.019.
- Latif DA. Using emotionalintelligence in theplanningandimplementation of a managementskillscourse, PharmEducation. 2004; 4(2): 81-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/15602210410001701685
- Latif DA. Model forteachingthemanagementskillscomponent of managerialeffectivenesstopharmacystudents, Am J PharmEduc. 2002; 66(4): 377-80.
- Woods, P.,Gapp, R., King, MA. Researchingpharmacistmanagerialcapability: philosophicalperspectivesandparadigms of inquiry, ResSocialAdmPharm. 2015; 11(2): 265-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2014.07.004.
- Çalıkuşu M, Özçelikay G. Türkiye’de eczacılık mesleğinin gelecek işgücü kapasitesinin analizi. Özçelikay G, Yıldız İ, editörler. Eczacılıkta Yenilikler-3. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi; (2020), 145-56.
- Eczacılar ve Eczaneler Hakkında Yönetmelik, 12.04.2014 tarih, 28970 sayılı Resmi Gazete.
- Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu. Ulusal Eczacılık Çekirdek Eğitim Programı. [Internet]. [Cited: 2021 September 13]. Availablefrom: https://www.yok.gov.tr/Documents/Kurumsal/egitim_ogretim_dairesi/Ulusal-cekirdek-egitimi-programlari/eczacilik_cep.pdf
- Eczacılık Fakülteleri Dekanlar Konseyi. Eczacılık Fakülteleri İçin Kapsamlı Müfredat. [Internet]. [Cited: 2021 September 13]. Availablefrom: https://docplayer.biz.tr/570123-Eczacilik-fakulteleri-icin-kapsamli-mufredat.html
- Kaptan F, Korkmaz H. Fen eğitiminde probleme dayalı öğrenme yaklaşımı. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2001; 20: 191-92.
- Torp T. What is problem-basedlearning? WingspreadJournal. 1997; 1-5.
- Saban A. Öğrenme öğretme süreci. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım; 2000.
- Peterson F, Eaguest D. Learning toteachprimarysciencethrough problem basedlearning. ScienceEducation. 1998; 82: 215-37. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-237X(199804)82:2%3C215: AID-SCE6%3E3.0.CO;2-H
- Hmelo C, Silver E. Problem basedlearning; Whatand how do studentslearn? EducationalPsychologyReview. 2004; 16 (39): 235-63.
- Major CH, Baden MS. Issues in problem-basedlearning: A messagefromguesteditors. Journal on ExcellenceInCollegeTeaching. 2000; 1-14.
- Dahlgren MA, Castensson R, Dahlgren LO. PBL fromtheteachers’ perspective, conceptions of thetutor’s role within problem basedlearning. HigherEducation. 1998; 36: 437-44.
- Rhem J. Problem-basedlearning: An introduction. TheNationalTeaching& Learning Forum. 1998; 8(1): 1-4. Duch B. Problems: A keyfactor in PBL. AboutTeaching. 1996; 50: 7-8.
- Yu-chen H. Evaluation theory in problem basedlearningapproach. TheNationalConvention of theAssociationforEducational Communications andTechnology. 1999; 21: 458-68.
- Winning T, Skinner V, Townsend G, Drummond B, Kieser J. Developing problem‐basedlearningpackagesinternationally: An evaluation of outcomes. Innovations in EducationandTeaching International. 2004; 41(2): 125-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/1470329042000208666
- Yazıcıoğlu Y, Erdoğan S. SPSS uygulamalı bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık; 2014.
- Sağlığa Yol Açan Eczacılık, TEB (Türk Eczacıları Birliği) Yayınları; ISBN: 978-975-8037-73-5, Fersa Matbaacılık Paz.San.ve Tic.Lim.Şti. 2022.
- Thamby, SA, Parasuraman, S. The Nine-Star Pharmacist: An Overview. Journal of YoungPharmacists. 2015; 7(4).
- Rollins B.L, Broedel-Zaugg K, Reiselman J, Sullivan D. Assessment of pharmacystudents' perceivedbusinessmanagementknowledge: Wouldexclusion of businessmanagementtopics be detrimentaltopharmacycurricula?.Currents in PharmacyTeachingand Learning. 2012; 4(3): 197-01. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2012.04.001
- Piascik P. CAPE Outcomes 2013: Building on twodecades of advancestoguidethefuture of pharmacyeducation. AmericanJournal of PharmaceuticalEducation. 2013; 77(8): 160. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe778160
- AccreditationCouncilforPharmacyEducation. PharmD Program Accreditation. [Internet]. [Cited: 2021 September 11]. Availablefrom: http://www.acpe-accredit.org/deans/standards.asp.
- AmericanAssociation of Colleges of Pharmacy. CAPE EducationalOutcomes. [Internet]. [Cited: 2021 September 15]. Availablefrom: https://www.aacp.org/resource/cape-educational-outcomes.
- Tremblay ML. Simulation-basedcrisisresourcemanagement in pharmacyeducation. AmericanJournal of PharmaceuticalEducation. 2018; 82(6): 6531. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe6531
- Zgarrick DP, Alston GL, Moczygemba LR, Desselle SP. Pharmacymanagement: Essentials forallpracticesettings. California: TouroUniversity; 2016.
- Chisholm-Burns MA, Vaillancourt AM, Shepherd M. Pharmacymanagement, leadership, marketing, andfinance. Burlington: Jones&BartlettPublishers; 2012.
Abstract
Aim: Management skills are essential for the profession that has become a secondary focus along side developing clinical knowledge and opportunities for pharmacists. Human resource skills (communication, empathy), billing, reimbursement, and many other management oriented subject knowledge are the foundations. Pharmacist-provided clinical services cannot exist without a knowledge able and efficient practitioner in business management for both human resource management and practice optimization. This study was conducted to evaluate pharmacy management skills by determining the opinions and information needs of community pharmacists about management education. Material and Methods: The forms containing 5-point Likert type questions were directed to community pharmacists on the internet, and volunteers were asked to participate. The opinions of 107 participants were evaluated. The study consists of 4 parts. The first part is demographic information; the second is management education; the third is to determine the attitudes about management skills and practices, and the last part is to determine the suggestions about management education.
Results: According to the results of the study, 33.65% of the pharmacists stated that they took courses related to management, while 66.35% stated that they did not. 61.11% of the participants who reported that they received training on management, during the vocational training, 30.56% by their own means, 8.33% during their undergraduate education and finally 2.78% to the graduate program in the field of business administration.
Conclusion: Today, besides professional knowledge, theim portance of management skills is increasing. There are few courses related to management in thePharmacy Schools’ Education Program in Turkey. However, this studydetermined that there wasn’t enough emphasis on management-related issues during under graduate education.
References
- Keulen S, Kroeze R. Introduction: Theera of management: a historicalperspective on twentieth-centurymanagement. Management &OrganizationalHistory. 2014; 9(4): 321-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2014.982658.
- Shetty NS. Management education in India: Trends, relevanceandchallengesahead. Nitte Management Review. 2014; 8(2): 139-48.
- Mohajan HK. Theroles of knowledgemanagementforthedevelopment of organizations. Journal of ScientificAchievements. 2017; 2(2): 1-27. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/83038/.
- Balaji R. Trends, issues, andchallenges in managementeducation. International Journal of InnovativeResearch in Science, EngineeringandTechnology. 2013; 2(4): 1257-262.
- Oza V, Parab S. Three pillars of qualitymanagementeducation in India in the 21st century. International Journal of e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning 2012; 2(1): 67-71.
- Yadav A, Prakash A. Factorsinfluencingsustainabledevelopmentintegration in managementeducation: An empiricalassessment of managementeducationinstitutions in India. The International Journal of Management Education 2022; 20(1): 100604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2022.100604.
- Geschwill R, Nieswandt M. A briefhistory of themanagementıdeas of thetwentiethcentury. In: Lateral Management. Future of Business and Finance. Cham: Springer; 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46496-7_2.
- Slavcev RA, Waite NM, Jennings B. Shapingpharmacystudentsʼbusinessandmanagementaptitudeandattitude. Currents in PharmacyTeachingand Learning. 2016; 5(8): 672-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2016.06.003.
- Medina MS, Plaza CM, Stowe CD, Robinson ET, DeLander G, Beck DE, et al. Center fortheadvancement of pharmacyeducation 2013 educationaloutcomes. AmericanJournal of PharmaceuticalEducation. 2013; 77 (8): 162. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe778162.
- Association of Faculties of Pharmacy of Canada. EducationalOutcomesfor First Professional Degree Programs in Pharmacy (Entry-to-PracticePharmacy Programs) in Canada. [Internet]. [Cited: 2021 September 10]. Availablefrom: http://www.afpc.info/sites/default/files/AFPC%20Educational%20Outcomes.pdf.
- Nemire RE, Meyer SM. Educatingstudentsforpractice: Educationaloutcomesandcommunityexperience. AmericanJournal of PharmaceuticalEducation. 2006; 70(1): 20-7. https://doi.org/10.5688/aj700120
- Mospan CM. Management educationwithinpharmacycurricula: A needforinnovation, Currents in PharmacyTeachingand Learning. 2017; 9(2): 171-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2016.11.019.
- Latif DA. Using emotionalintelligence in theplanningandimplementation of a managementskillscourse, PharmEducation. 2004; 4(2): 81-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/15602210410001701685
- Latif DA. Model forteachingthemanagementskillscomponent of managerialeffectivenesstopharmacystudents, Am J PharmEduc. 2002; 66(4): 377-80.
- Woods, P.,Gapp, R., King, MA. Researchingpharmacistmanagerialcapability: philosophicalperspectivesandparadigms of inquiry, ResSocialAdmPharm. 2015; 11(2): 265-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2014.07.004.
- Çalıkuşu M, Özçelikay G. Türkiye’de eczacılık mesleğinin gelecek işgücü kapasitesinin analizi. Özçelikay G, Yıldız İ, editörler. Eczacılıkta Yenilikler-3. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi; (2020), 145-56.
- Eczacılar ve Eczaneler Hakkında Yönetmelik, 12.04.2014 tarih, 28970 sayılı Resmi Gazete.
- Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu. Ulusal Eczacılık Çekirdek Eğitim Programı. [Internet]. [Cited: 2021 September 13]. Availablefrom: https://www.yok.gov.tr/Documents/Kurumsal/egitim_ogretim_dairesi/Ulusal-cekirdek-egitimi-programlari/eczacilik_cep.pdf
- Eczacılık Fakülteleri Dekanlar Konseyi. Eczacılık Fakülteleri İçin Kapsamlı Müfredat. [Internet]. [Cited: 2021 September 13]. Availablefrom: https://docplayer.biz.tr/570123-Eczacilik-fakulteleri-icin-kapsamli-mufredat.html
- Kaptan F, Korkmaz H. Fen eğitiminde probleme dayalı öğrenme yaklaşımı. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2001; 20: 191-92.
- Torp T. What is problem-basedlearning? WingspreadJournal. 1997; 1-5.
- Saban A. Öğrenme öğretme süreci. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım; 2000.
- Peterson F, Eaguest D. Learning toteachprimarysciencethrough problem basedlearning. ScienceEducation. 1998; 82: 215-37. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-237X(199804)82:2%3C215: AID-SCE6%3E3.0.CO;2-H
- Hmelo C, Silver E. Problem basedlearning; Whatand how do studentslearn? EducationalPsychologyReview. 2004; 16 (39): 235-63.
- Major CH, Baden MS. Issues in problem-basedlearning: A messagefromguesteditors. Journal on ExcellenceInCollegeTeaching. 2000; 1-14.
- Dahlgren MA, Castensson R, Dahlgren LO. PBL fromtheteachers’ perspective, conceptions of thetutor’s role within problem basedlearning. HigherEducation. 1998; 36: 437-44.
- Rhem J. Problem-basedlearning: An introduction. TheNationalTeaching& Learning Forum. 1998; 8(1): 1-4. Duch B. Problems: A keyfactor in PBL. AboutTeaching. 1996; 50: 7-8.
- Yu-chen H. Evaluation theory in problem basedlearningapproach. TheNationalConvention of theAssociationforEducational Communications andTechnology. 1999; 21: 458-68.
- Winning T, Skinner V, Townsend G, Drummond B, Kieser J. Developing problem‐basedlearningpackagesinternationally: An evaluation of outcomes. Innovations in EducationandTeaching International. 2004; 41(2): 125-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/1470329042000208666
- Yazıcıoğlu Y, Erdoğan S. SPSS uygulamalı bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık; 2014.
- Sağlığa Yol Açan Eczacılık, TEB (Türk Eczacıları Birliği) Yayınları; ISBN: 978-975-8037-73-5, Fersa Matbaacılık Paz.San.ve Tic.Lim.Şti. 2022.
- Thamby, SA, Parasuraman, S. The Nine-Star Pharmacist: An Overview. Journal of YoungPharmacists. 2015; 7(4).
- Rollins B.L, Broedel-Zaugg K, Reiselman J, Sullivan D. Assessment of pharmacystudents' perceivedbusinessmanagementknowledge: Wouldexclusion of businessmanagementtopics be detrimentaltopharmacycurricula?.Currents in PharmacyTeachingand Learning. 2012; 4(3): 197-01. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2012.04.001
- Piascik P. CAPE Outcomes 2013: Building on twodecades of advancestoguidethefuture of pharmacyeducation. AmericanJournal of PharmaceuticalEducation. 2013; 77(8): 160. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe778160
- AccreditationCouncilforPharmacyEducation. PharmD Program Accreditation. [Internet]. [Cited: 2021 September 11]. Availablefrom: http://www.acpe-accredit.org/deans/standards.asp.
- AmericanAssociation of Colleges of Pharmacy. CAPE EducationalOutcomes. [Internet]. [Cited: 2021 September 15]. Availablefrom: https://www.aacp.org/resource/cape-educational-outcomes.
- Tremblay ML. Simulation-basedcrisisresourcemanagement in pharmacyeducation. AmericanJournal of PharmaceuticalEducation. 2018; 82(6): 6531. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe6531
- Zgarrick DP, Alston GL, Moczygemba LR, Desselle SP. Pharmacymanagement: Essentials forallpracticesettings. California: TouroUniversity; 2016.
- Chisholm-Burns MA, Vaillancourt AM, Shepherd M. Pharmacymanagement, leadership, marketing, andfinance. Burlington: Jones&BartlettPublishers; 2012.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | January 20, 2023 |
| Submission Date | March 25, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 13 Issue: 1 |
