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Tıbbi ve Sosyal Nedenler ile Kadınlarda Doğurganlığın Korunması: Sağlık Profesyonellerinin Danışmanlık Rolü

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 459 - 467, 05.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.933431

Abstract

Hem tıbbi hem de sosyal nedenlerle doğurganlığın korunması dünya çapında giderek artan bir ilgi görmektedir. Kadın kanserlerinin yaklaşık %10’u üreme çağındaki kadınlarda ortaya çıkmaktadır. Kanser tedavisinde kullanılan kemoterapi ve radyoterapi gibi tedavi yöntemleri doğurganlığı olumsuz yönde etkilemekte ve prematür over yetmezliğine neden olmaktadır. Aynı zamanda ailesinde erken menopoz öyküsü olan, eğitim ve kariyer yapma, uygun eş bulamama gibi sosyal nedenlerden dolayı evlilik ve çocuk doğurma yaşını erteleyen kadınlar da doğurganlığının korunmasını talep edebilir. Sağlık profesyonelleri doğurganlığın korunmasına yönelik danışmanlık yapmalı, doğurganlığı koruma seçenekleri, etkinliği, maliyeti ve etik yönü hakkında bilgi vermelidir. Kanser hastalarına onkofertilite danışmanlığı yapılmalıdır. Bu derlemede; güncel literatür doğrultusunda tıbbi ve sosyal nedenler ile kadınlarda doğurganlığın korunması, koruma seçenekleri, etik yönü ve sağlık profesyonelleri ve hemşirelerin danışmanlık rolü ele alınmıştır.

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References

  • Referans1 American Collage of Obstetricians Gynecologists-ACOG. (2019). Fertility Awareness-Based Methods of Family Planning. Erişim tarihi: 25.02.2021, https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/fertility-awareness-based-methods-of-family-planning
  • Referans2 Akdemir N. (2018). Fertilitenin Korunması. Bezmialem Science, 6, 143-146. DOI: 10.14235/bs.2018.1685
  • Referans3 American Society for Reproductive Medicine- ASRM. (2013). Mature oocyte cryopreservation: A Guideline. Fertility and Sterility, 99(1): 37-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.09.028
  • Referans4 Arafa M, Rabah DM. (2011). Attitudes and Practices of Oncologists Toward Fertility Preservation. Journal of Hematology Oncology, 33(3), 203-207. DOI: 10.1097/MPH.0b013e3182068047.
  • Referans5 Baldwin K, Culley L, Hudson N, Mitchell H. (2014). Reproductive technology and the life course: current debates and research in social egg freezing. Human Fertility, 17(3), 170–9. DOI:10.3109/14647273.2014.939723.
  • Referans6 Başgöl Ş, Aslan E. (2012). Over kanserli kadınlarda fertiliteyi koruyucu yaklaşımlar ve hemşirenin rolü. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi, 9(2), 8-11.
  • Referans7 Carter J, Stabile C, Gunn A, Sonoda MD. (2013). The physical consequences of gynecologic cancer surgery and their impact on sexual, emotional, and quality of life issues. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 10, 21-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12002
  • Referans8 Carvalho BR, Kliemchen J, Woodruff TK. (2017). Ethical, moral and other aspects related to fertility preservation in cancer patients. JBRA Assisted Reproduction, 21(1), 45-48. DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20170011
  • Referans9 Daşıkan Z, Taner A. (2020). Hemşirelik/ebelik öğrencilerinin doğurganlığın korunmasına yönelik sosyal yumurta dondurma konusundaki bilgi ve tutumları. Journal of Academic Research in Nursing, 6(3), 395-403. DOI: 10.5222/jaren.2020.03164
  • Referans10 Deshpande NA, Braun IM, Meyer FL. (2015). Impact of fertility preservation counseling and treatment on psychological outcomes among women with cancer: a systematic review. Cancer, 121, 3938 – 3947. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29637
  • Referans11 Dillon KE, Gracia CR. (2012). Pediatric and young adult patients and oncofertility. Current Treatment Options in Oncology, 13, 161-173. DOI: 10.1007/s11864-012-0183-7
  • Referans12 Dolmans MM, Ouderaen SH, Demylle D, Pirard C. (2015). Utilization rates and results of long-term embryo cryopreservation before gonadotoxic treatment. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 32, 1233–1237. DOI: 10.1007/s10815-015-0533-z
  • Referans13 Dolmans MM, Donnez J. (2021). Fertility preservation in women. medical and social reasons: oocytes vs ovarian tissue. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 70, 63-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.06.011
  • Referans14 Dolmans MM, Manavella DD. (2019). Recent advances in fertility preservation. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Rsearch, 45(2), 266-279. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.13818
  • Referans15 ESHRE Task Force on Ethics and Law, Dondorp W, Wert G, Pennings G, Shenfield F, Devroey P, ve ark. (2012). Oocyte cryopreservation for age-related fertility loss. Human Reproduction. 27(5), 1231-1237. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des029
  • Referans16 Dondorp WJ, Wert GD. (2009). Fertility preservation for healthy women: ethical aspect. Human Reproduction, 24(8), 1779-1785. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep102
  • Referans17 Donnez J, Dolmans MM. (2017). Fertility preservation in women. The New England Journal of Medicine. 377(17), 1657-1665. DOI:10.1056/NEJMra1614676
  • Referans18 Duffy C, Allen S. (2009). Medical and psychosocial aspects of fertility after cancer. The Cancer Journal, 15(1), 27-33. DOI:10.1097/PPO.0b013e3181976602
  • Referans19 Garcia-Velasco JA, Domingo J, Cobo A, Martínez M, Carmona L, Pellicer A. (2013). Five years’ experience using oocyte vitrification to preserve fertility for medical and nonmedical indications. Fertility and Sterility, 99(7), 1994–1999. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.02.004
  • Referans20 Geue K, Richter D, Schmidt R, Sender A, Siedentopf F, Brahler E ve ark. (2014). The desire for children and fertility ıssues among young German cancer survivors. Journal of Adolescent Health, 54, 527-535. DOI:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.10.005
  • Referans21 Hammarberg K, Setter T, Norman RJ, Holden CA, Michelmore J, Johnson L. (2013). Knowledge about factors that influence fertility among Australians of reproductive age: A population-based survey. Fertility and Sterility, 99(2), 502–507. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.10.031
  • Referans22 Hodes-Wertz B, Druckenmiller S, Smith M, Noyes N. (2013). What doreproductive-age women who undergo oocyte cryopreservation think about the process as a means to preserve fertility? Fertility Sterility,100(5), 1343–1349. DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.201
  • Referans23 Huffman LB, Hartenbach EM, Carter J, Rash JC, Kushner DM. (2016). Maintaining sexual health throughout gynecologic cancer survivorship: a comprehensive review and clinical guide. Gynecologic Oncology, 140(2), 359-368. DOI:10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.11.010
  • Referans24 Kim S, Lee Y, Lee S, Kim T. (2018). Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation in patients with cancer. Obstetrics & Gynecology Science, 61(4), 431-442. DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2018.61.4.431
  • Referans25 Klipstein S, Fallat ME, Savelli S, Commıttee on Bıoethıcs; Sectıon On Hematology/Oncology; Sectıon on Surgery. (2020). Fertility preservation for pediatric and adolescent patients with cancer: medical and ethical considerations. Pediatrics, 145(3). DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-3994
  • Referans26 Lallemant C, Vassard D, Nyboe Andersen A, Schmidt L, Macklon N. (2016). Medical and social egg freezing: internet‐based survey of knowledge and attitudes among women in Denmark and the UK. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 95(12), 1402-1410. DOI:10.1111/aogs.13024
  • Referans27 Lambertini M, Mastro LC, Pescio MC, Andersen CY, Azim HA, Peccatori FA. ve ark. (2016). Cancer and fertility preservation: international recommendations from an expert meeting. BMC Medicine, 14(1), 1-16. DOI:10.1186/s12916-015-0545-7
  • Referans28 Lambertini M, Richard F. Nguyen B, Viglietti G, Villarreal-Garza V. (2019). Ovarian function and fertility preservation in breast cancer: should gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist be administered to all premenopausal patients receiving chemotherapy?. Clinical Medicine Insights: Reproductive Health, 13. DOI: 10.1177/1179558119828393
  • Referans29 Loren AW, Mangu PB, Beck LN, Brennan L, Magdanlinski AJ, Patridge AH, ve ark. (2013). Fertility preservation for patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update. ournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 31(19), 2500-2510. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2013.49.2678
  • Referans30 Mac Dougall K, Beyene Y, Nachtigall RD. (2013). Age shock: misperceptions of the impact of age on fertility before and after IVF in women who conceived after age 40. Human Reproduction, 28(2), 350–356. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/des409
  • Referans31 Massarotti C, Scaruffi P, Lambertini M, Remorgida V, Del Mastro L, Anserini P. (2017). State of the art on oocyte cryopreservation in female cancer patients: a critical review of the literatüre. Cancer Treatment Reviews, 57 50–57. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.04.009
  • Referans32 National Cancer Institute. (2020). Fertility Issues in Girls and Women with Cancer. Erişim tarihi: 22.02.2021, https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/fertility-women
  • Referans33 Oktay K, Bedoschi G, Berkowitz K, Bronson R, Kashani B, McGovern P ve ark. (2016). Fertility preservation in women with Turner Syndrome: a comperehensive review and practical guidelines. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 29(5), 409-416. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2015.10.011
  • Referans34 Pennings G. (2013). Ethical aspects of social freezing. Gynécologie, obstétrique & fertilité, 41(9), 521-523. DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2013.07.004
  • Referans35 Pritchard N, Kirkman M, Hammarberg K, McBain J, Agresta F, Bayly C, ve ark. (2017). Characteristics and circumstances of women in Australia who cryopreserved their oocytes for non-medical indications. Journal of reproductive and infant psychology, 35(2), 108-118. DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2016.1275533
  • Referans36 Robertson JA. (2005). Cancer and fertility: ethical and legal challenges. Journal of the National Cancer Institute Monographs, 34, 104-106. DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgi008
  • Referans37 Sreenivas K, Campo-Engelstein L. (2010). Domestic and International surrogacy laws: implications for cancer survivors.Cancer Treatment and Research. 156, 135-152. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6518-9_10
  • Referans38 Vitale SG, La Rosa VL, Rapisarda AMC, Laganà AS. (2018). Fertility preservation in women with gynaecologic cancer: the impact on quality of life and psychological well-being. Human Fertility, 21(1), 35–38. DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2017.1339365
  • Referans39 Waimey KE, Smith BM, Confino RC, Jeruss JS, Pavone ME. (2015). Understanding fertility in young female cancer patients. Journal of Women’s Health, 24(10), 812-818. DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2015.5194
  • Referans40 Wallace WHB. (2011). Oncofertility and preservation of reproductive capacity in children and young adults. Cancer, 117(10), 2301-2310. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26045
  • Referans41 Yeung SY, Lee EY, Lao TTH, Li C, Chung PW. (2020). Fertility preservation in Hong Kong Chinese society: awareness, knowledge and acceptance. BMC Women’s Health, 20(86). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-020-00953-3

Fertility Preservation in Women for Medical and Social Reasons: Counseling Role of Health Professionals

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 459 - 467, 05.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.933431

Abstract

Fertility preservation, for both medical and social reasons is receiving increasing attention worldwide. About 10% of female cancers occur in women of reproductive age. Treatment methods such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy used in cancer treatment affect fertility negatively and cause premature ovarian failure. Treatment methods such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy used in cancer treatment affect fertility negatively and cause premature ovarian failure. At the same time, women who postpone their marriage and childbearing age due to social reasons such as a family history of early menopause, education, career development, and the inability to find a suitable partner may also demand the protection of their fertility. Health professionals should provide counseling for fertility preservation, provide information about fertility preservation options, effectiveness, cost, and ethical aspects. Oncofertility counseling should be provided to cancer patients. In this review; in line with the current literature, medical and social reasons, fertility preservation in women, preservation options, ethical aspects, and the counseling role of health professionals and nurses are discussed.

Project Number

Bu çalışma proje kapsamında değildir.

References

  • Referans1 American Collage of Obstetricians Gynecologists-ACOG. (2019). Fertility Awareness-Based Methods of Family Planning. Erişim tarihi: 25.02.2021, https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/fertility-awareness-based-methods-of-family-planning
  • Referans2 Akdemir N. (2018). Fertilitenin Korunması. Bezmialem Science, 6, 143-146. DOI: 10.14235/bs.2018.1685
  • Referans3 American Society for Reproductive Medicine- ASRM. (2013). Mature oocyte cryopreservation: A Guideline. Fertility and Sterility, 99(1): 37-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.09.028
  • Referans4 Arafa M, Rabah DM. (2011). Attitudes and Practices of Oncologists Toward Fertility Preservation. Journal of Hematology Oncology, 33(3), 203-207. DOI: 10.1097/MPH.0b013e3182068047.
  • Referans5 Baldwin K, Culley L, Hudson N, Mitchell H. (2014). Reproductive technology and the life course: current debates and research in social egg freezing. Human Fertility, 17(3), 170–9. DOI:10.3109/14647273.2014.939723.
  • Referans6 Başgöl Ş, Aslan E. (2012). Over kanserli kadınlarda fertiliteyi koruyucu yaklaşımlar ve hemşirenin rolü. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi, 9(2), 8-11.
  • Referans7 Carter J, Stabile C, Gunn A, Sonoda MD. (2013). The physical consequences of gynecologic cancer surgery and their impact on sexual, emotional, and quality of life issues. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 10, 21-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12002
  • Referans8 Carvalho BR, Kliemchen J, Woodruff TK. (2017). Ethical, moral and other aspects related to fertility preservation in cancer patients. JBRA Assisted Reproduction, 21(1), 45-48. DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20170011
  • Referans9 Daşıkan Z, Taner A. (2020). Hemşirelik/ebelik öğrencilerinin doğurganlığın korunmasına yönelik sosyal yumurta dondurma konusundaki bilgi ve tutumları. Journal of Academic Research in Nursing, 6(3), 395-403. DOI: 10.5222/jaren.2020.03164
  • Referans10 Deshpande NA, Braun IM, Meyer FL. (2015). Impact of fertility preservation counseling and treatment on psychological outcomes among women with cancer: a systematic review. Cancer, 121, 3938 – 3947. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29637
  • Referans11 Dillon KE, Gracia CR. (2012). Pediatric and young adult patients and oncofertility. Current Treatment Options in Oncology, 13, 161-173. DOI: 10.1007/s11864-012-0183-7
  • Referans12 Dolmans MM, Ouderaen SH, Demylle D, Pirard C. (2015). Utilization rates and results of long-term embryo cryopreservation before gonadotoxic treatment. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 32, 1233–1237. DOI: 10.1007/s10815-015-0533-z
  • Referans13 Dolmans MM, Donnez J. (2021). Fertility preservation in women. medical and social reasons: oocytes vs ovarian tissue. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 70, 63-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.06.011
  • Referans14 Dolmans MM, Manavella DD. (2019). Recent advances in fertility preservation. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Rsearch, 45(2), 266-279. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.13818
  • Referans15 ESHRE Task Force on Ethics and Law, Dondorp W, Wert G, Pennings G, Shenfield F, Devroey P, ve ark. (2012). Oocyte cryopreservation for age-related fertility loss. Human Reproduction. 27(5), 1231-1237. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des029
  • Referans16 Dondorp WJ, Wert GD. (2009). Fertility preservation for healthy women: ethical aspect. Human Reproduction, 24(8), 1779-1785. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep102
  • Referans17 Donnez J, Dolmans MM. (2017). Fertility preservation in women. The New England Journal of Medicine. 377(17), 1657-1665. DOI:10.1056/NEJMra1614676
  • Referans18 Duffy C, Allen S. (2009). Medical and psychosocial aspects of fertility after cancer. The Cancer Journal, 15(1), 27-33. DOI:10.1097/PPO.0b013e3181976602
  • Referans19 Garcia-Velasco JA, Domingo J, Cobo A, Martínez M, Carmona L, Pellicer A. (2013). Five years’ experience using oocyte vitrification to preserve fertility for medical and nonmedical indications. Fertility and Sterility, 99(7), 1994–1999. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.02.004
  • Referans20 Geue K, Richter D, Schmidt R, Sender A, Siedentopf F, Brahler E ve ark. (2014). The desire for children and fertility ıssues among young German cancer survivors. Journal of Adolescent Health, 54, 527-535. DOI:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.10.005
  • Referans21 Hammarberg K, Setter T, Norman RJ, Holden CA, Michelmore J, Johnson L. (2013). Knowledge about factors that influence fertility among Australians of reproductive age: A population-based survey. Fertility and Sterility, 99(2), 502–507. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.10.031
  • Referans22 Hodes-Wertz B, Druckenmiller S, Smith M, Noyes N. (2013). What doreproductive-age women who undergo oocyte cryopreservation think about the process as a means to preserve fertility? Fertility Sterility,100(5), 1343–1349. DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.201
  • Referans23 Huffman LB, Hartenbach EM, Carter J, Rash JC, Kushner DM. (2016). Maintaining sexual health throughout gynecologic cancer survivorship: a comprehensive review and clinical guide. Gynecologic Oncology, 140(2), 359-368. DOI:10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.11.010
  • Referans24 Kim S, Lee Y, Lee S, Kim T. (2018). Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation in patients with cancer. Obstetrics & Gynecology Science, 61(4), 431-442. DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2018.61.4.431
  • Referans25 Klipstein S, Fallat ME, Savelli S, Commıttee on Bıoethıcs; Sectıon On Hematology/Oncology; Sectıon on Surgery. (2020). Fertility preservation for pediatric and adolescent patients with cancer: medical and ethical considerations. Pediatrics, 145(3). DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-3994
  • Referans26 Lallemant C, Vassard D, Nyboe Andersen A, Schmidt L, Macklon N. (2016). Medical and social egg freezing: internet‐based survey of knowledge and attitudes among women in Denmark and the UK. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 95(12), 1402-1410. DOI:10.1111/aogs.13024
  • Referans27 Lambertini M, Mastro LC, Pescio MC, Andersen CY, Azim HA, Peccatori FA. ve ark. (2016). Cancer and fertility preservation: international recommendations from an expert meeting. BMC Medicine, 14(1), 1-16. DOI:10.1186/s12916-015-0545-7
  • Referans28 Lambertini M, Richard F. Nguyen B, Viglietti G, Villarreal-Garza V. (2019). Ovarian function and fertility preservation in breast cancer: should gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist be administered to all premenopausal patients receiving chemotherapy?. Clinical Medicine Insights: Reproductive Health, 13. DOI: 10.1177/1179558119828393
  • Referans29 Loren AW, Mangu PB, Beck LN, Brennan L, Magdanlinski AJ, Patridge AH, ve ark. (2013). Fertility preservation for patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update. ournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 31(19), 2500-2510. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2013.49.2678
  • Referans30 Mac Dougall K, Beyene Y, Nachtigall RD. (2013). Age shock: misperceptions of the impact of age on fertility before and after IVF in women who conceived after age 40. Human Reproduction, 28(2), 350–356. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/des409
  • Referans31 Massarotti C, Scaruffi P, Lambertini M, Remorgida V, Del Mastro L, Anserini P. (2017). State of the art on oocyte cryopreservation in female cancer patients: a critical review of the literatüre. Cancer Treatment Reviews, 57 50–57. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.04.009
  • Referans32 National Cancer Institute. (2020). Fertility Issues in Girls and Women with Cancer. Erişim tarihi: 22.02.2021, https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/fertility-women
  • Referans33 Oktay K, Bedoschi G, Berkowitz K, Bronson R, Kashani B, McGovern P ve ark. (2016). Fertility preservation in women with Turner Syndrome: a comperehensive review and practical guidelines. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 29(5), 409-416. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2015.10.011
  • Referans34 Pennings G. (2013). Ethical aspects of social freezing. Gynécologie, obstétrique & fertilité, 41(9), 521-523. DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2013.07.004
  • Referans35 Pritchard N, Kirkman M, Hammarberg K, McBain J, Agresta F, Bayly C, ve ark. (2017). Characteristics and circumstances of women in Australia who cryopreserved their oocytes for non-medical indications. Journal of reproductive and infant psychology, 35(2), 108-118. DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2016.1275533
  • Referans36 Robertson JA. (2005). Cancer and fertility: ethical and legal challenges. Journal of the National Cancer Institute Monographs, 34, 104-106. DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgi008
  • Referans37 Sreenivas K, Campo-Engelstein L. (2010). Domestic and International surrogacy laws: implications for cancer survivors.Cancer Treatment and Research. 156, 135-152. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6518-9_10
  • Referans38 Vitale SG, La Rosa VL, Rapisarda AMC, Laganà AS. (2018). Fertility preservation in women with gynaecologic cancer: the impact on quality of life and psychological well-being. Human Fertility, 21(1), 35–38. DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2017.1339365
  • Referans39 Waimey KE, Smith BM, Confino RC, Jeruss JS, Pavone ME. (2015). Understanding fertility in young female cancer patients. Journal of Women’s Health, 24(10), 812-818. DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2015.5194
  • Referans40 Wallace WHB. (2011). Oncofertility and preservation of reproductive capacity in children and young adults. Cancer, 117(10), 2301-2310. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26045
  • Referans41 Yeung SY, Lee EY, Lao TTH, Li C, Chung PW. (2020). Fertility preservation in Hong Kong Chinese society: awareness, knowledge and acceptance. BMC Women’s Health, 20(86). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-020-00953-3
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Nursing
Journal Section Review
Authors

Zeynep Daşıkan 0000-0002-0933-9647

Ebru Cirban Ekrem 0000-0003-4442-0675

Project Number Bu çalışma proje kapsamında değildir.
Early Pub Date December 5, 2022
Publication Date December 5, 2022
Submission Date May 5, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Daşıkan, Z., & Cirban Ekrem, E. (2022). Tıbbi ve Sosyal Nedenler ile Kadınlarda Doğurganlığın Korunması: Sağlık Profesyonellerinin Danışmanlık Rolü. Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi, 5(3), 459-467. https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.933431