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COVID-19 Kontrol Önlemleri Hava Kalitesi Parametrelerini Etkiledi mi? 35 Ülkede Hava Kirleticileri Değerlendirmesi

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 562 - 568, 01.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.933314

Abstract

Amaç: Çalışmada, COVID-19 salgını nedeniyle dünya çapında hükümetler tarafından oluşturulan geçici insan hareketliliği kısıtlamalarının hava kirleticileri değerleri üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve Metot: Çalışma ekolojik tipte tasarlanmıştır. 2019 ve 2020 Ocak-Mayıs tarihleri ​​arasında “Hava Kalitesi Açık Veri Platformu” web sitesinde bulunan 35 ülke için dört hava kirletici (CO, NO2, O3, SO2) ölçümleri çalışmanın verileri oluşturmaktadır.
Bulgular: Tüm ülkeler için medyan NO2 seviyeleri 2019'a göre 1-3,6 µg/m³ arasında azalmıştır. Azalma her ay için istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olarak bulunmuştur (Ocak, p=0,024; Şubat, p=0,001; Mart, Nisan ve Mayıs, p<0,001). Ayrıca, 35 ülkenin medyan O3 seviyelerinin 2020 Nisan ayının 2019 Nisan ayına göre değişimi değerlendirildiğinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir artış gözlenmiştir (medyan fark: 1,80 µg/m³; p=0,017).
Sonuç: Mevcut bulgularımız ışığında, insan faaliyetlerinin hava kalitesi üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu sonucuna varılabilir. İleride yapılacak çalışmalarda ülkelerin hava kirletici seviyeleri meteorolojik koşulları dikkate alınarak daha detaylı değerlendirilebilir. 

References

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  • Tobias A, Carnerero C, Reche C et al. Changes in air quality during the lockdown in Barcelona (Spain) one month into the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. Science of the Total Environment. 2020;726:138540.
  • Menut L, Bessagnet B, Siour G, Mailler S, Pennel R, Cholakian A. Impact of lockdown measures to combat Covid-19 on air quality over western Europe. Science of the Total Environment. 2020;741:140426. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140426
  • Sharma S, Zhang M, Anshika Gao J, Zhang H, Kota SH. Effect of restricted emissions during COVID-19 on air quality in India. Science of the Total Environment. 2020;728:138878. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138878
  • Bao R, Zhang A. Does lockdown reduce air pollution? Evidence from 44 cities in northern China. Science of the Total Environment. 2020;731:139052.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). Air Pollution. https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution.Accessed 29 June 2020.
  • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Criteria Air Pollutants. https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants. Accessed 29 June 2020.
  • Sharma S, Jain S, Khirwadkar P, Kulkarn S. The Effects of air pollution on the Environment and human health. Indian Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biotechnology. 2013:1(3);391-96.
  • Sicard P, Marco AD, Agathokleous E, et al. Amplified ozone pollution in cities during the COVID-19 lockdown. Science of the Total Environment. 2020;735:139542. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139542
  • Otmani A, Benchrif A, Tahri M, et al. Impact of Covid-19 lockdown on PM10, SO2 and NO2 concentrations in Salé City (Morocco.) Science of the Total Environment. 2020;(735):139541. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139541
  • Nakada LYK, Urban RC. COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on the air quality during the partial lockdown in São Paulo state, Brazil. Science of the Total Environment. 2020;(730):139087. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020
  • Chen QX, Huang CL, Yuan Y, Tan HP. Influence of COVID-19 Event on Air Quality and their Association in Mainland China. Aerosol and Air Quality Research. 2020;20(7):1541-1551.
  • Kanniah KD, Zaman NAFK, Kaskaoutis DG, Latif MT. COVID-19's impact on the atmospheric environment in the Southeast Asia region. Science of the Total Environment. 2020;736:139658.
  • Air Quality Open Data Platform. https://aqicn.org/data-platform/covid19/ Accessed 7 August 2020.
  • Dantas G, Siciliano B, França BB, Silva CM, Arbillaa G. The impact of COVID-19 partial lockdown on the air quality of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Science of the Total Environment. 2020;729:139085. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139085
  • Siciliano B, Dantas G, Silva CM, Arbilla G. Increased ozone levels during the COVID-19 lockdown: Analysis for the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Science of the Total Environment. 2020;737:139765. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139765
  • Kerimray A, Baimatova N, Ibragimova OP et al. Assessing air quality changes in large cities during COVID-19 lockdowns: The impacts of traffic-free urban conditions in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Sci Total Environ. 2020;730:139179. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139179

Have Quarantine Measures Affected the Air Quality Parameters? Condition Assessment in 35 Countries

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 562 - 568, 01.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.933314

Abstract

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effects of the temporary human mobility restrictions established worldwide by governments due to the COVID-19 pandemic on criteria air pollutants.
Materials and Methods: Our study is designed in an ecological type measurements of four air pollutants (CO, NO2, O3, SO2) for 35 countries collected between January-May in 2019 and 2020 and available in the Air “Quality Open Data Platform” website were included.
Results: Median NO2 levels for all countries decreased between 1-3.6 µg/m³ compared to 2019, and this decrease was statistically significant in each month (January, p=0.024; February, p=0.001; March, April and May, p<0.001). Furthermore, a statistically significant increase was observed in median O3 levels for all 35 countries between April 2020 and April 2019 (median difference: 1.80 µg/m³; p=0,017).
Conclusion: Based on the findings reported here, it can be concluded that human activities have a significant influence on air quality. In future studies, air pollutants levels of countries may be evaluated in more detail considering their meteorological conditions. 

References

  • Contini C, Di Nuzzo M, Barp N, Bonazza A, De Giorgio R, Tognon M et al. The novel zoonotic COVID-19 pandemic: An expected global health concern. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2020;14(3):254-264. doi:10.3855/jidc.12671
  • Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nature Microbiolgy. 2020;5(4):536-544. doi:10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z
  • Malık YA. Properties of Coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2. Malaysian Journal of Pathology. 2020;42(1):3-11
  • World Health Organization (WHO). Rolling updates on coronavirus disease (COVID-19). https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen. Accessed 14 January 2021.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak situation. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019. Accessed 14 January 2021.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. Scientific Advisory Board. COVID-19 General Information, Epidemiology and Diagnosis. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/39551/0/co vid-19rehberigenelbilgilerepidemiyolojive tanip df. pdf. Accessed 29 January 2021.
  • Tobias A, Carnerero C, Reche C et al. Changes in air quality during the lockdown in Barcelona (Spain) one month into the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. Science of the Total Environment. 2020;726:138540.
  • Menut L, Bessagnet B, Siour G, Mailler S, Pennel R, Cholakian A. Impact of lockdown measures to combat Covid-19 on air quality over western Europe. Science of the Total Environment. 2020;741:140426. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140426
  • Sharma S, Zhang M, Anshika Gao J, Zhang H, Kota SH. Effect of restricted emissions during COVID-19 on air quality in India. Science of the Total Environment. 2020;728:138878. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138878
  • Bao R, Zhang A. Does lockdown reduce air pollution? Evidence from 44 cities in northern China. Science of the Total Environment. 2020;731:139052.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). Air Pollution. https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution.Accessed 29 June 2020.
  • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Criteria Air Pollutants. https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants. Accessed 29 June 2020.
  • Sharma S, Jain S, Khirwadkar P, Kulkarn S. The Effects of air pollution on the Environment and human health. Indian Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biotechnology. 2013:1(3);391-96.
  • Sicard P, Marco AD, Agathokleous E, et al. Amplified ozone pollution in cities during the COVID-19 lockdown. Science of the Total Environment. 2020;735:139542. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139542
  • Otmani A, Benchrif A, Tahri M, et al. Impact of Covid-19 lockdown on PM10, SO2 and NO2 concentrations in Salé City (Morocco.) Science of the Total Environment. 2020;(735):139541. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139541
  • Nakada LYK, Urban RC. COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on the air quality during the partial lockdown in São Paulo state, Brazil. Science of the Total Environment. 2020;(730):139087. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020
  • Chen QX, Huang CL, Yuan Y, Tan HP. Influence of COVID-19 Event on Air Quality and their Association in Mainland China. Aerosol and Air Quality Research. 2020;20(7):1541-1551.
  • Kanniah KD, Zaman NAFK, Kaskaoutis DG, Latif MT. COVID-19's impact on the atmospheric environment in the Southeast Asia region. Science of the Total Environment. 2020;736:139658.
  • Air Quality Open Data Platform. https://aqicn.org/data-platform/covid19/ Accessed 7 August 2020.
  • Dantas G, Siciliano B, França BB, Silva CM, Arbillaa G. The impact of COVID-19 partial lockdown on the air quality of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Science of the Total Environment. 2020;729:139085. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139085
  • Siciliano B, Dantas G, Silva CM, Arbilla G. Increased ozone levels during the COVID-19 lockdown: Analysis for the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Science of the Total Environment. 2020;737:139765. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139765
  • Kerimray A, Baimatova N, Ibragimova OP et al. Assessing air quality changes in large cities during COVID-19 lockdowns: The impacts of traffic-free urban conditions in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Sci Total Environ. 2020;730:139179. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139179
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research article
Authors

Seher Palanbek Yavaş 0000-0002-8113-0477

Caner Baysan 0000-0002-7675-1391

Ayşe Emel Önal 0000-0001-8321-6517

Publication Date December 1, 2021
Submission Date May 5, 2021
Acceptance Date September 29, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 6 Issue: 4

Cite

AMA Palanbek Yavaş S, Baysan C, Önal AE. Have Quarantine Measures Affected the Air Quality Parameters? Condition Assessment in 35 Countries. OTJHS. December 2021;6(4):562-568. doi:10.26453/otjhs.933314

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