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Bonzai Zehirlenmeleri

Year 2017, Volume: 39 Issue: 3, 130 - 139, 11.09.2017
https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.317198

Abstract

Öz: Son on yılda, gelişmiş ülkelerde ve Türkiye’de
de gençler arasında psikotropik etkisi olan yeni maddelerin kullanımına
bağımlılık giderek artmaktadır. “Yasal kafa yapıcılar” olarak adlandırılan bu
maddeler bitkisel kökenli ve zararsız olarak bilinmektedir. Ancak toksisiteleri
kullanıcıların yaşamını tehdit etmekte ve ölümcül olabilmektedir.
Kullanıcılardan alınan örneklerde de bu maddelerin ve metabolitlerinin
saptanması güçtür.  Bu tür bağımlılık
sorunuyla baş edebilmek için bu maddeler hakkındaki yasal mevzuatın yeniden
düzenlenmesi ve gençlerin eğitimine önem verilmesi gerekmektedir.

References

  • 1. Zawilska JB, Zndrzejczak D. (2015). Next generation of novel psychoactive substances on the horizon-A complex problem to face. Drug and alcohol dependence, 157:1-17. 2. Zawilska JB. (2015). “Legal Highs”-- An emerging epidemic of novel psychoactive substances. International Review of Neurobiology. Chapter Thirteen, 120:273-300. 3. Burns TL, Ineck JR. (2006). Cannabinoid analgesia as a potential new therapeutic option in the treatment of chronic pain. Ann.Pharmacother, 40(2):251-60. 4. Rahn EJ, Hohman AG. (2009). Cannabinoids as pharmacotherapies for neuropathic pain: From the bench to the bedside. Neurotherapeutics, 6(4):713-737. 5. Walsh D, Nelson KA, Mahmoud FA. (2003). Established and potential therapeutic applications of cannabinoids in oncology. Supp Care Cancer, 11(3):137-143. 6. Gerra G, Zaimovic A, Gerra ML, Ciccociopo R, Cippitelli A, Serpelloni G, Somaini L. (2010). Pharmacology and toxicology of Cannabis derivatives and endocannabinoid Agonists. Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery, 45:46-52. 7. Bossong MG, Niesink RJM. (2010). Adolescent brain maturation, the endogenous cannabinoid system and neurobiology of cannabis-induced schizophrenia. Prog. Neurobiol, 92:370-385. 8. Kayaalp SO. (2012). Akılcıl Tedavi Yönünden Tıbbi Farmakoloji (13. Baskı), 1:685-687. Pelikan Yayıncılık Ankara. 9. Ashton JC. (2012). Synthetic cannabinoids as drugs of abuse. Curr Drug Abuse Rev, 5:158-68. 10. Kertsen BP, McLaughlin ME. (2015). Toxicology management of novel psychoacive drugs. J Pharmacy Practice, 28(1):50-65. 11. Seely KA, Lapoint J, Moran JH, Fattore L. (2012). Spice drugs are more than harmless herbal blends: A review of pharmacology and toxicology of synthetic cannabinoids. Progress in Neuro-Psychophamacologogy and Biological Psychiatry, 39:234-243. 12. Compton DR, Johnson MR, Melvin LS, Martin BR. (1992). Pharmacological profile of a series of bicyclic cannabinoid analogs: classification as cannabimimetic agents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 260: 201-9. 13. Ablin J, Ste-Marie PA, Schäfer M, Häuser W, Fitzcharles MA. (2016 Feb). Medical use of cannabis products: Lessons to be learned from Israel and Canada. Schmerz, 30(1):3-13. 14. McAllister SD, Soroceanu L, Desprez PY. (2015 Jun). The Antitumor Activity of Plant-Derived Non-Psychoactive Cannabinoids. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol, 10(2):255-67. 15. Gregg RA, Rawls SM. (2014). Behavioral pharmacology of designer cathinones: A review of the preclinical literature. Life Sci, 97:27-30. 16. Yarosh HL, Katz EB, Coop A, Fantegrossi WE. (2007 Nov). MDMA-like behavioral effects of N-substituted piperazines in the mouse. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 88(1):18-27. 17. Johnson LA, Johnson RL, Portier RB. (2013). Selected Topics: Toxicology, Current “Legal Highs”. J. Emergency Medicine, 44(6):1108-1115.

The Toxicities of Bonsai

Year 2017, Volume: 39 Issue: 3, 130 - 139, 11.09.2017
https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.317198

Abstract

Abstract: A growing number of novel substances with psychotropic
effects have been abused by young people in the developed countries and also
Turkey over the past decade. These substances 
called “legal heights” are known as plant-based and harmless. But their
toxicities threatened the users’ lives and may be fatal. It is difficult the
determination of these substances and their metabolites in the users’samples.
It should be regulated again the legislation about these substances and protect
the young people by paying attention to their training to overcome this kind of
dependence.

References

  • 1. Zawilska JB, Zndrzejczak D. (2015). Next generation of novel psychoactive substances on the horizon-A complex problem to face. Drug and alcohol dependence, 157:1-17. 2. Zawilska JB. (2015). “Legal Highs”-- An emerging epidemic of novel psychoactive substances. International Review of Neurobiology. Chapter Thirteen, 120:273-300. 3. Burns TL, Ineck JR. (2006). Cannabinoid analgesia as a potential new therapeutic option in the treatment of chronic pain. Ann.Pharmacother, 40(2):251-60. 4. Rahn EJ, Hohman AG. (2009). Cannabinoids as pharmacotherapies for neuropathic pain: From the bench to the bedside. Neurotherapeutics, 6(4):713-737. 5. Walsh D, Nelson KA, Mahmoud FA. (2003). Established and potential therapeutic applications of cannabinoids in oncology. Supp Care Cancer, 11(3):137-143. 6. Gerra G, Zaimovic A, Gerra ML, Ciccociopo R, Cippitelli A, Serpelloni G, Somaini L. (2010). Pharmacology and toxicology of Cannabis derivatives and endocannabinoid Agonists. Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery, 45:46-52. 7. Bossong MG, Niesink RJM. (2010). Adolescent brain maturation, the endogenous cannabinoid system and neurobiology of cannabis-induced schizophrenia. Prog. Neurobiol, 92:370-385. 8. Kayaalp SO. (2012). Akılcıl Tedavi Yönünden Tıbbi Farmakoloji (13. Baskı), 1:685-687. Pelikan Yayıncılık Ankara. 9. Ashton JC. (2012). Synthetic cannabinoids as drugs of abuse. Curr Drug Abuse Rev, 5:158-68. 10. Kertsen BP, McLaughlin ME. (2015). Toxicology management of novel psychoacive drugs. J Pharmacy Practice, 28(1):50-65. 11. Seely KA, Lapoint J, Moran JH, Fattore L. (2012). Spice drugs are more than harmless herbal blends: A review of pharmacology and toxicology of synthetic cannabinoids. Progress in Neuro-Psychophamacologogy and Biological Psychiatry, 39:234-243. 12. Compton DR, Johnson MR, Melvin LS, Martin BR. (1992). Pharmacological profile of a series of bicyclic cannabinoid analogs: classification as cannabimimetic agents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 260: 201-9. 13. Ablin J, Ste-Marie PA, Schäfer M, Häuser W, Fitzcharles MA. (2016 Feb). Medical use of cannabis products: Lessons to be learned from Israel and Canada. Schmerz, 30(1):3-13. 14. McAllister SD, Soroceanu L, Desprez PY. (2015 Jun). The Antitumor Activity of Plant-Derived Non-Psychoactive Cannabinoids. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol, 10(2):255-67. 15. Gregg RA, Rawls SM. (2014). Behavioral pharmacology of designer cathinones: A review of the preclinical literature. Life Sci, 97:27-30. 16. Yarosh HL, Katz EB, Coop A, Fantegrossi WE. (2007 Nov). MDMA-like behavioral effects of N-substituted piperazines in the mouse. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 88(1):18-27. 17. Johnson LA, Johnson RL, Portier RB. (2013). Selected Topics: Toxicology, Current “Legal Highs”. J. Emergency Medicine, 44(6):1108-1115.
There are 1 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section DERLEME
Authors

Kevser Erol

Publication Date September 11, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 39 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Erol K. Bonzai Zehirlenmeleri. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi. 2017;39(3):130-9.


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