The depression and anxiety levels and temperament characteristics of the mothers of children with asthma

Nülüfer Kılıç; Mehmet Kılıç

Research Article

The depression and anxiety levels and temperament characteristics of the mothers of children with asthma

Year 2023, Volume: 40 Issue: 3, 586 - 593, 30.09.2023

Nülüfer Kılıç Mehmet Kılıç

Abstract

In our study, we planned to compare the depression, anxiety levels, and dominant temperament characteristics of mothers of children with asthma with mothers of healthy children. The mothers of a total of 114 children who had asthma and mothers of 100 healthy children were included in the present study. The Sociodemographic Data Form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and TEMPS-A (Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, San Diego Auto Questionnaire) were applied to the participants. The Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) and Asthma Control Test (AKT) were also performed to have information on the disease for children with asthma. No significant differences were detected between the mean age of the children included in the study and their mothers (p>0.05). The participants’ marital status, education status, income status, employment status, number of children, and the number of people living at home were similar (p>0.05). Although the smoking rate of the mothers of children who had asthma was 28.1%, the rate of smoking of the mothers in the control group was 12% (p<0.05). Irritable temperament, anxious temperament traits, and BAI scores were significantly higher in mothers of children with asthma (p<0.05). BAI scores were higher in mothers of children with multiple inhalant allergies and using high-level drugs according to the GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma) guideline (p<0.05). In our study, we found that irritable temperament, anxious temperament characteristics, and anxiety scores increased in mothers of children with asthma. Therefore, in addition to the asthma treatment of children, the application of psychological support programs to mothers should be considered.

Keywords

Asthma, mother, depression, anxiety, temperament

Supporting Institution

Yok

Project Number

2021/09-33

Thanks

We are grateful to the patients and families for their generous cooperation.

References

1. Lai CK, Beasley R, Crane J, Foliaki S, Shah J, Weiland S.Global variation in the prevalence and severity of asthma symptoms: phase three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Thorax. 2009; 64:476-83.
2. Astım Tanı ve Tedavi Rehberi. Astım Tanı ve Tedavi Rehberi 2020 Güncellemesi (G. E. Çelik (ed.)). Buluş Tasarım ve Matbaacılık Hizmetleri San. Tic. 2020.
3. Topal E, Kaplan F, Türker K, Kutlutürk K, Gözükara Bağ H. Malatya’da yaşayan 6-7 Yaş grubu çocuklarında allerjik hastalıkların sıklığı ve ilişkili risk faktörleri. Asthma Allergy Immunology. 2017; 15: 131-136.
4. GINA. (2019). Global Initiative for Asthma: Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/GINA-2019-main-reportJune-2019-wms.pdf
5. Hockenberry, M. ve Wilson, D. (2015). Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and Children (10th baskı). Elsevier.
6. K.L. Lavoie, D. Bouthillier, S.L. Bacon, C. Lemiere, J. Martin, Q. Hamid, et al. Psychologic distress and maladaptive coping styles in patients with severe vs moderate asthma. Chest.2010; 137: 1324-31.
7. Mu PF. Paternal reactions to a child with epilepsy: uncertaintuy, coping trategies, and depression. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2000; 49: 367-76.
8. Olsson MB, Hwang CP. Depression in mothers and fathers of children with intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2001; 45: 535-43
9. GINA Report, Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention 2022 (https://ginasthma.org/reports/)
10. Juniper EF, Guyatt GH, Feeny DH, Ferrie PJ, Griffith LE, Townsend M. Measuring quality of life in children with asthma. Qual Life Res. 1996; 5: 35- 46.
11. Yüksel H, Yılmaz Ö, Kırmaz C, Eser E. Validity and reliability of the Turkish translation of Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire. Turk J Pediatr. 2009; 51: 154-60.
12. Sekerel B, Soyer O, Keskin O, Uzuner N, Yazicioglu M, Kilic M, et al. The reliability and validity of Turkish version of Childhood Asthma Control Test. Quality Life Res 2012; 21: 685-90.
13. Liu AH, Zeiger R, Sorkness C, Mahr T, Ostrom N, Burgess S, et al. Development and cross-sectional validation of the Childhood Asthma Control Test. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 119: 817-25.
14. Juniper EF, O’Byrne PM, Guyatt GH, Ferrie PJ, King DR. Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure asthma control. Eur Respir J. 1999; 14: 902-7.
15. Nathan RA, Sorkness CA, Kosinski M, Schatz M, Li JT, Marcus P, et al. Development of the asthma control test: A survey for assessing asthma control. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 113: 59-65.
16. Uysal MA. Astım kontrol testinin Türkçe versiyonun geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. 15. Türk Toraks Derneği Yıllık Kongresi. Kongre Kitabı 2012: 23.
17. Elbir M, Topbas OA, Bayad S, Kocabas T, Topak OZ, Cetin S, et al. DSM-5 Bozuklukları için Yapılandırılmış Klinik Görüşmenin Klinisyen Versiyonunun Türkçeye uyarlanması ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2019; 30: 51-6.
18. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory form easuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961; 4: 561-71.
19. Hisli, N. Beck Depresyon Envanterinin Geçerliği Üzerine Bir Çalışma. Psikoloji Dergisi. 1989; 22: 118-26.
20. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory form easuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1988; 56: 893-7.
21. Ulusoy M, Şahin N, Erkman H. Turkish version of the beck anxiety inventory: psychometric properties. J Cognitive Psychotherapy. 1998; 12: 28-35.
22. Vahip S, Kesebir S, Alkan M, Yazici O, Akiskal KK, Akiskal HS. Affective temperaments in clinically-well subjects in Turkey: initial psychometric data on the TEMPS-A. J Affect Disord. 2005; 85: 113-25.
23. Behmanesh F, Moharreri F, Soltanifar A, Hamzeh M, Heidari E. Evaluation of anxiety and depression in mothers of children with asthma. Electron Physician. 2017; 9(12): 6058-62.
24. Easter G, Sharpe L, Hunt C. Systematic review and meta-analysis of anxious and depressive symptoms in caregivers of children with asthma. Journal of pediatric psychology. 2015; 40 (7): 623-32.
25. Humeniuk E, Tarkowski Z. Parents’ reactions to children’s stuttering and style of coping with stress. Journal of fluency disorders. 2016; 49: 51-60.
26. Avcil S, Uysal P, Demir F, Erge D, Kurt Omurlu I, Yenigun A. Mothers’ emotional states and attitudes regarding their children with asthma. Journal of Asthma. 2019; 56(6): 618-26.
27. Bartlett SJ, Krishnan JA, Riekert KA, Butz AM, Malveaux FJ, Rand CS. Maternal depressive symptoms and adherence to therapy in inner-city children with asthma. Pediatrics. 2004; 113: 229-37.
28. Özkaya E, Cetin M, Uğurad Z, Samancı N. Evaluation of family functioning and anxiety-depression parameters in mothers of children with asthma. Allergologia et immunopathologia. 2010; 38(1): 25-30.
29. Goodman R. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: a research note. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1997; 38(5): 581-6.
30. Tibosch MM, Verhaak CM, Merkus PJ. Psychological characteristics associated with the onset and course of asthma in children and adolescents: a systematic review of longitudinal effects. Patient Educ Couns. 2011; 82(1): 11-9.
31. Hentges RF, Madigan S, Tough S, McDonald S, Graham SA. Maternal depressive symptoms and language development: The moderating role of child temperament. Dev Psychol. 2021; 57(6): 863-75.
32. De Pauw SS, Mervielde I, Van Leeuwen KG, De Clercq BJ. How temperament and personality contribute to the maladjustment of children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2011; 41(2): 196-212.
33. Reinelt E, Stopsack M, Aldinger M, Ulrich I, Grabe HJ, Barnow S. Longitudinal transmission pathways of borderline personality disorder symptoms: from mother to child?. Psychopathology. 2014; 47(1): 10-16.
34. Erermiş S, Bellibaş E, Ozbaran B, Büküşoğlu ND, Altintoprak E, Bildik T, Cetin SK. Temperamental characteristics of mothers of preschool children with separation anxiety disorder. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry. 2009; 20(1): 14-21.
35. Bilgiç A, Yılmaz S, Özcan Ö, Tufan AE, Özmen S, Öztop D, Yar A. The relationship between parental affective temperament traits and disruptive behavior disorders symptoms in children with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2018; 22(13) : 1235-45.
36. Endrighi R, McQuaid EL, Bartlett YK, Clawson AH, Borrelli B. Parental depression is prospectively associated with lower smoking cessation rates and poor child asthma outcomes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2018; 52(3): 195-203.
37. Margolis RH, Shelef DQ, Gordish-Dressman H, Masur JE, Teach SJ. Stressful life events, caregiver depressive symptoms, and child asthma symptom-free days: a longitudinal analysis. J Asthma. 2023; 60(3): 508-15.
38. Federico MJ, McFarlane II AE, Szefler SJ, Abrams EM. The impact of social determinants of health on children with asthma. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice. 2020; 8(6): 1808-14.
39. Yildiz E, Karakaş SA, Güngörmüş Z, Cengiz M. Levels of care burden and self-efficacy for informal caregiver of patients with cancer. Holistic Nursing Practice. 2017; 31(1): 7-15.

Year 2023, Volume: 40 Issue: 3, 586 - 593, 30.09.2023

Nülüfer Kılıç Mehmet Kılıç

Abstract

Project Number

2021/09-33

References

1. Lai CK, Beasley R, Crane J, Foliaki S, Shah J, Weiland S.Global variation in the prevalence and severity of asthma symptoms: phase three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Thorax. 2009; 64:476-83.
2. Astım Tanı ve Tedavi Rehberi. Astım Tanı ve Tedavi Rehberi 2020 Güncellemesi (G. E. Çelik (ed.)). Buluş Tasarım ve Matbaacılık Hizmetleri San. Tic. 2020.
3. Topal E, Kaplan F, Türker K, Kutlutürk K, Gözükara Bağ H. Malatya’da yaşayan 6-7 Yaş grubu çocuklarında allerjik hastalıkların sıklığı ve ilişkili risk faktörleri. Asthma Allergy Immunology. 2017; 15: 131-136.
4. GINA. (2019). Global Initiative for Asthma: Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/GINA-2019-main-reportJune-2019-wms.pdf
5. Hockenberry, M. ve Wilson, D. (2015). Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and Children (10th baskı). Elsevier.
6. K.L. Lavoie, D. Bouthillier, S.L. Bacon, C. Lemiere, J. Martin, Q. Hamid, et al. Psychologic distress and maladaptive coping styles in patients with severe vs moderate asthma. Chest.2010; 137: 1324-31.
7. Mu PF. Paternal reactions to a child with epilepsy: uncertaintuy, coping trategies, and depression. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2000; 49: 367-76.
8. Olsson MB, Hwang CP. Depression in mothers and fathers of children with intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2001; 45: 535-43
9. GINA Report, Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention 2022 (https://ginasthma.org/reports/)
10. Juniper EF, Guyatt GH, Feeny DH, Ferrie PJ, Griffith LE, Townsend M. Measuring quality of life in children with asthma. Qual Life Res. 1996; 5: 35- 46.
11. Yüksel H, Yılmaz Ö, Kırmaz C, Eser E. Validity and reliability of the Turkish translation of Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire. Turk J Pediatr. 2009; 51: 154-60.
12. Sekerel B, Soyer O, Keskin O, Uzuner N, Yazicioglu M, Kilic M, et al. The reliability and validity of Turkish version of Childhood Asthma Control Test. Quality Life Res 2012; 21: 685-90.
13. Liu AH, Zeiger R, Sorkness C, Mahr T, Ostrom N, Burgess S, et al. Development and cross-sectional validation of the Childhood Asthma Control Test. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 119: 817-25.
14. Juniper EF, O’Byrne PM, Guyatt GH, Ferrie PJ, King DR. Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure asthma control. Eur Respir J. 1999; 14: 902-7.
15. Nathan RA, Sorkness CA, Kosinski M, Schatz M, Li JT, Marcus P, et al. Development of the asthma control test: A survey for assessing asthma control. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 113: 59-65.
16. Uysal MA. Astım kontrol testinin Türkçe versiyonun geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. 15. Türk Toraks Derneği Yıllık Kongresi. Kongre Kitabı 2012: 23.
17. Elbir M, Topbas OA, Bayad S, Kocabas T, Topak OZ, Cetin S, et al. DSM-5 Bozuklukları için Yapılandırılmış Klinik Görüşmenin Klinisyen Versiyonunun Türkçeye uyarlanması ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2019; 30: 51-6.
18. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory form easuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961; 4: 561-71.
19. Hisli, N. Beck Depresyon Envanterinin Geçerliği Üzerine Bir Çalışma. Psikoloji Dergisi. 1989; 22: 118-26.
20. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory form easuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1988; 56: 893-7.
21. Ulusoy M, Şahin N, Erkman H. Turkish version of the beck anxiety inventory: psychometric properties. J Cognitive Psychotherapy. 1998; 12: 28-35.
22. Vahip S, Kesebir S, Alkan M, Yazici O, Akiskal KK, Akiskal HS. Affective temperaments in clinically-well subjects in Turkey: initial psychometric data on the TEMPS-A. J Affect Disord. 2005; 85: 113-25.
23. Behmanesh F, Moharreri F, Soltanifar A, Hamzeh M, Heidari E. Evaluation of anxiety and depression in mothers of children with asthma. Electron Physician. 2017; 9(12): 6058-62.
24. Easter G, Sharpe L, Hunt C. Systematic review and meta-analysis of anxious and depressive symptoms in caregivers of children with asthma. Journal of pediatric psychology. 2015; 40 (7): 623-32.
25. Humeniuk E, Tarkowski Z. Parents’ reactions to children’s stuttering and style of coping with stress. Journal of fluency disorders. 2016; 49: 51-60.
26. Avcil S, Uysal P, Demir F, Erge D, Kurt Omurlu I, Yenigun A. Mothers’ emotional states and attitudes regarding their children with asthma. Journal of Asthma. 2019; 56(6): 618-26.
27. Bartlett SJ, Krishnan JA, Riekert KA, Butz AM, Malveaux FJ, Rand CS. Maternal depressive symptoms and adherence to therapy in inner-city children with asthma. Pediatrics. 2004; 113: 229-37.
28. Özkaya E, Cetin M, Uğurad Z, Samancı N. Evaluation of family functioning and anxiety-depression parameters in mothers of children with asthma. Allergologia et immunopathologia. 2010; 38(1): 25-30.
29. Goodman R. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: a research note. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1997; 38(5): 581-6.
30. Tibosch MM, Verhaak CM, Merkus PJ. Psychological characteristics associated with the onset and course of asthma in children and adolescents: a systematic review of longitudinal effects. Patient Educ Couns. 2011; 82(1): 11-9.
31. Hentges RF, Madigan S, Tough S, McDonald S, Graham SA. Maternal depressive symptoms and language development: The moderating role of child temperament. Dev Psychol. 2021; 57(6): 863-75.
32. De Pauw SS, Mervielde I, Van Leeuwen KG, De Clercq BJ. How temperament and personality contribute to the maladjustment of children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2011; 41(2): 196-212.
33. Reinelt E, Stopsack M, Aldinger M, Ulrich I, Grabe HJ, Barnow S. Longitudinal transmission pathways of borderline personality disorder symptoms: from mother to child?. Psychopathology. 2014; 47(1): 10-16.
34. Erermiş S, Bellibaş E, Ozbaran B, Büküşoğlu ND, Altintoprak E, Bildik T, Cetin SK. Temperamental characteristics of mothers of preschool children with separation anxiety disorder. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry. 2009; 20(1): 14-21.
35. Bilgiç A, Yılmaz S, Özcan Ö, Tufan AE, Özmen S, Öztop D, Yar A. The relationship between parental affective temperament traits and disruptive behavior disorders symptoms in children with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2018; 22(13) : 1235-45.
36. Endrighi R, McQuaid EL, Bartlett YK, Clawson AH, Borrelli B. Parental depression is prospectively associated with lower smoking cessation rates and poor child asthma outcomes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2018; 52(3): 195-203.
37. Margolis RH, Shelef DQ, Gordish-Dressman H, Masur JE, Teach SJ. Stressful life events, caregiver depressive symptoms, and child asthma symptom-free days: a longitudinal analysis. J Asthma. 2023; 60(3): 508-15.
38. Federico MJ, McFarlane II AE, Szefler SJ, Abrams EM. The impact of social determinants of health on children with asthma. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice. 2020; 8(6): 1808-14.
39. Yildiz E, Karakaş SA, Güngörmüş Z, Cengiz M. Levels of care burden and self-efficacy for informal caregiver of patients with cancer. Holistic Nursing Practice. 2017; 31(1): 7-15.

There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Psychiatry
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	Nülüfer Kılıç 0000-0001-7228-7459 Mehmet Kılıç 0000-0002-1089-1316
Project Number	2021/09-33
Early Pub Date	October 6, 2023
Publication Date	September 30, 2023
Submission Date	August 10, 2023
Acceptance Date	August 23, 2023
Published in Issue	Year 2023 Volume: 40 Issue: 3

Cite

APA	Kılıç, N., & Kılıç, M. (2023). The depression and anxiety levels and temperament characteristics of the mothers of children with asthma. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 40(3), 586-593.
AMA	Kılıç N, Kılıç M. The depression and anxiety levels and temperament characteristics of the mothers of children with asthma. J. Exp. Clin. Med. September 2023;40(3):586-593.
Chicago	Kılıç, Nülüfer, and Mehmet Kılıç. “The Depression and Anxiety Levels and Temperament Characteristics of the Mothers of Children With Asthma”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 40, no. 3 (September 2023): 586-93.
EndNote	Kılıç N, Kılıç M (September 1, 2023) The depression and anxiety levels and temperament characteristics of the mothers of children with asthma. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 40 3 586–593.
IEEE	N. Kılıç and M. Kılıç, “The depression and anxiety levels and temperament characteristics of the mothers of children with asthma”, J. Exp. Clin. Med., vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 586–593, 2023.
ISNAD	Kılıç, Nülüfer - Kılıç, Mehmet. “The Depression and Anxiety Levels and Temperament Characteristics of the Mothers of Children With Asthma”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 40/3 (September 2023), 586-593.
JAMA	Kılıç N, Kılıç M. The depression and anxiety levels and temperament characteristics of the mothers of children with asthma. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2023;40:586–593.
MLA	Kılıç, Nülüfer and Mehmet Kılıç. “The Depression and Anxiety Levels and Temperament Characteristics of the Mothers of Children With Asthma”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, vol. 40, no. 3, 2023, pp. 586-93.
Vancouver	Kılıç N, Kılıç M. The depression and anxiety levels and temperament characteristics of the mothers of children with asthma. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2023;40(3):586-93.

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