Evaluation of Gender Awareness Among Medical Students in Istanbul

Merve Kurnaz Ay; Selin Davun; Seyhan Hıdıroğlu; Çağan Deniz; Işıl Çebi; Dilara Engin; Işık Karabakal; Melda Karavuş

Research Article

Evaluation of Gender Awareness Among Medical Students in Istanbul

Year 2023, Volume: 40 Issue: 2, 300 - 306, 19.07.2023

Merve Kurnaz Ay Selin Davun Seyhan Hıdıroğlu Çağan Deniz Işıl Çebi Dilara Engin Işık Karabakal Melda Karavuş

Abstract

Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate the gender awareness of students in a medical school in Istanbul using a valid and reliable scale in Turkish.
Methods: The population of this descriptive study consists of 1523 medical students studying at a state university in Istanbul in the 2020-2021 academic year. The study was conducted with 484 participants. The data were collected using a questionnaire for sociodemographic features and the Nijmegen Gender Awareness in Medicine Scale (N-GAMS) filled out by the participants. Statistically, p<0.05 was considered as the level of significance. Ethics committee approval was obtained from the relevant institution before the study.
Results: Most of the participants were females (n=319, 65.9%) and the participants' mean age was 21.8±2.1 years. Multivariate tests showed differences in gender role ideology towards patients and doctors according to the gender of the participants and the working situation of their mothers. Also, significant sex-related differences were found in gender sensitivity as well. As compared to others, male students or those whose mothers were unemployed held slightly more gender stereotypes towards patients and doctors.
Conclusion: We suggest that gender issues should be included in medical education to focus on gender attitudes. The goal of education about gender is to make students interested and aware of the significance of gender in medical work. It can be suggested that students can become more positive and engaged as they learn more and become accustomed to gender debates.

Keywords

Gender awareness, gender sensibility, medical students

References

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2. Bingöl O. Toplumsal cinsiyet olgusu ve Türkiye'de kadınlık. KMUSEKAD 2014; 2014(3):108-14. (Turkish)
3. Verdonk P, Benschop YW, De Haes HC, Lagro-Janssen TL. Medical students’ gender awareness. Sex roles 2008; 58(3-4):222-34.
4. Humphries KH, Izadnegadar M, Sedlak T, Saw J, Johnston N, Schenck-Gustafsson K, et al. Sex differences in cardiovascular disease–impact on care and outcomes. Frontiers in neuroendocrinology 2017; 46:46.
5. Mosca L, Barrett-Connor E, Kass Wenger N. Sex/gender differences in cardiovascular disease prevention: what a difference a decade makes. Circulation 2011; 124(19):2145-54.
6. Poínhos R. Viés de género na medicina. 2011.
7. Wei Y-C, George NI, Chang C-W, Hicks KA. Assessing sex differences in the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality per increment in systolic blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of follow-up studies in the United States. PloS one 2017; 12(1): e0170218.
8. Verdonk P, Benschop YW, De Haes HC, Lagro-Janssen TL. From gender bias to gender awareness in medical education. Adv. Health Sci. Educ 2009; 14(1):135-52.
9. Hamberg K. Gender bias in medicine. Women’s health. 2008; 4(3):237-43.
10. Hamberg K, Risberg G, Johansson EE, Westman G. Gender bias in physicians' management of neck pain: a study of the answers in a Swedish national examination. J Wom Health Gend Base Med 2002; 11(7):653-66.
11. Chiaramonte GR, Friend R. Medical students' and residents' gender bias in the diagnosis, treatment, and interpretation of coronary heart disease symptoms. J. Health Psychol 2006; 25(3):255.
12. Colameco S, Becker LA, Simpson M. Sex bias in the assessment of patient complaints. J Fam Pract 1983; 16(6):1117-21.
13. Daly C, Clemens F, Lopez Sendon JL, Tavazzi L, Boersma E, Danchin N, et al. Gender differences in the management and clinical outcome of stable angina. Circulation 2006; 113(4):490-8.
14. Regitz-Zagrosek V. Gender and cardiovascular diseases: Why we need gender medicine. Der Internist 2017; 58(4):336-43.
15. Varol ZS, Çiçeklioğlu M, Taner Ş. Bir tıp fakültesi birinci sınıf öğrencilerinde toplumsal cinsiyet algı düzeyi ve ilişkili faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi. Ege Tıp Dergisi 2016; 55(3):122-8. (Turkish)
16. Seyfeli MYA, Baykan Z, Naçar M, Şafak ED, Çetinkaya F. Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of" Nijmegen-Gender Awareness in Medicine scale". Istanb. Med. J 2019;20(5).
17. Andersson J, Verdonk P, Johansson EE, Lagro-Janssen T, Hamberg K. Comparing gender awareness in Dutch and Swedish first-year medical students-results from a questionaire. BMC medical education 2012;12(1):1-10.
18. Rrustemi I, Locatelli I, Schwarz J, Lagro-Janssen T, Fauvel A, Clair C. Gender awareness among medical students in a Swiss University. BMC medical education 2020; 20:1-8.
19. Ridgeway CL, Correll SJ. Unpacking the gender system: A theoretical perspective on gender beliefs and social relations. Gender & society 2004;18(4):510-31.
20. Glick P, Fiske ST, Mladinic A, Saiz JL, Abrams D, Masser B, et al. Beyond prejudice as simple antipathy: hostile and benevolent sexism across cultures. J Pers Soc Psychol 2000; 79(5):763.
21. Wainer J. Gender and the medical curriculum: a rural case study. Women & health 2003; 37(4):67-87.
22. Hamberg K, Johansson EE. Medical students’ attitudes to gender issues in the role and career of physicians: a qualitative study conducted in Sweden. Medical Teacher 2006; 28(7):635-41.
23. Morais R, Bernardes SF, Verdonk P. Gender awareness in medicine: adaptation and validation of the Nijmegen Gender Awareness in Medicine Scale to the Portuguese population (N-GAMS). Adv. Health Sci. Educ 2020; 25(2):457-77.
24. Aylaz R, Güneş G, Uzun Ö, Ünal S. Üniversite öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rolüne yönelik görüşleri. STED 2014; 23(5):183-9. (Turkish)
25. Pınar G, Taşkın L, Eroğlu K. Başkent Üniversitesi Öğrenci Yurdunda Kalan Gençlerin Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rol Kalıplarına İlişkin Tutumları. HUHEMFAD 2008; 15(1):47-57. (Turkish)
26. Öngen B, Aytaç S. Üniversite öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumlari ve yaşam değerleri ilişkisi. Sosyoloji
27. Regitz-Zagrosek V, Oertelt-Prigione S, Prescott E, Franconi F, Gerdts E, Foryst-Ludwig A, et al. Gender in cardiovascular diseases: impact on clinical manifestations, management, and outcomes. European heart journal. 2016; 37(1):24-34.

Year 2023, Volume: 40 Issue: 2, 300 - 306, 19.07.2023

Merve Kurnaz Ay Selin Davun Seyhan Hıdıroğlu Çağan Deniz Işıl Çebi Dilara Engin Işık Karabakal Melda Karavuş

Abstract

References

1. Vatandaş C. Toplumsal cinsiyet ve cinsiyet rollerinin algılanışı. Sosyoloji Konferansları 2007; 35:29-56. (Turkish)
2. Bingöl O. Toplumsal cinsiyet olgusu ve Türkiye'de kadınlık. KMUSEKAD 2014; 2014(3):108-14. (Turkish)
3. Verdonk P, Benschop YW, De Haes HC, Lagro-Janssen TL. Medical students’ gender awareness. Sex roles 2008; 58(3-4):222-34.
4. Humphries KH, Izadnegadar M, Sedlak T, Saw J, Johnston N, Schenck-Gustafsson K, et al. Sex differences in cardiovascular disease–impact on care and outcomes. Frontiers in neuroendocrinology 2017; 46:46.
5. Mosca L, Barrett-Connor E, Kass Wenger N. Sex/gender differences in cardiovascular disease prevention: what a difference a decade makes. Circulation 2011; 124(19):2145-54.
6. Poínhos R. Viés de género na medicina. 2011.
7. Wei Y-C, George NI, Chang C-W, Hicks KA. Assessing sex differences in the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality per increment in systolic blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of follow-up studies in the United States. PloS one 2017; 12(1): e0170218.
8. Verdonk P, Benschop YW, De Haes HC, Lagro-Janssen TL. From gender bias to gender awareness in medical education. Adv. Health Sci. Educ 2009; 14(1):135-52.
9. Hamberg K. Gender bias in medicine. Women’s health. 2008; 4(3):237-43.
10. Hamberg K, Risberg G, Johansson EE, Westman G. Gender bias in physicians' management of neck pain: a study of the answers in a Swedish national examination. J Wom Health Gend Base Med 2002; 11(7):653-66.
11. Chiaramonte GR, Friend R. Medical students' and residents' gender bias in the diagnosis, treatment, and interpretation of coronary heart disease symptoms. J. Health Psychol 2006; 25(3):255.
12. Colameco S, Becker LA, Simpson M. Sex bias in the assessment of patient complaints. J Fam Pract 1983; 16(6):1117-21.
13. Daly C, Clemens F, Lopez Sendon JL, Tavazzi L, Boersma E, Danchin N, et al. Gender differences in the management and clinical outcome of stable angina. Circulation 2006; 113(4):490-8.
14. Regitz-Zagrosek V. Gender and cardiovascular diseases: Why we need gender medicine. Der Internist 2017; 58(4):336-43.
15. Varol ZS, Çiçeklioğlu M, Taner Ş. Bir tıp fakültesi birinci sınıf öğrencilerinde toplumsal cinsiyet algı düzeyi ve ilişkili faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi. Ege Tıp Dergisi 2016; 55(3):122-8. (Turkish)
16. Seyfeli MYA, Baykan Z, Naçar M, Şafak ED, Çetinkaya F. Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of" Nijmegen-Gender Awareness in Medicine scale". Istanb. Med. J 2019;20(5).
17. Andersson J, Verdonk P, Johansson EE, Lagro-Janssen T, Hamberg K. Comparing gender awareness in Dutch and Swedish first-year medical students-results from a questionaire. BMC medical education 2012;12(1):1-10.
18. Rrustemi I, Locatelli I, Schwarz J, Lagro-Janssen T, Fauvel A, Clair C. Gender awareness among medical students in a Swiss University. BMC medical education 2020; 20:1-8.
19. Ridgeway CL, Correll SJ. Unpacking the gender system: A theoretical perspective on gender beliefs and social relations. Gender & society 2004;18(4):510-31.
20. Glick P, Fiske ST, Mladinic A, Saiz JL, Abrams D, Masser B, et al. Beyond prejudice as simple antipathy: hostile and benevolent sexism across cultures. J Pers Soc Psychol 2000; 79(5):763.
21. Wainer J. Gender and the medical curriculum: a rural case study. Women & health 2003; 37(4):67-87.
22. Hamberg K, Johansson EE. Medical students’ attitudes to gender issues in the role and career of physicians: a qualitative study conducted in Sweden. Medical Teacher 2006; 28(7):635-41.
23. Morais R, Bernardes SF, Verdonk P. Gender awareness in medicine: adaptation and validation of the Nijmegen Gender Awareness in Medicine Scale to the Portuguese population (N-GAMS). Adv. Health Sci. Educ 2020; 25(2):457-77.
24. Aylaz R, Güneş G, Uzun Ö, Ünal S. Üniversite öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rolüne yönelik görüşleri. STED 2014; 23(5):183-9. (Turkish)
25. Pınar G, Taşkın L, Eroğlu K. Başkent Üniversitesi Öğrenci Yurdunda Kalan Gençlerin Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rol Kalıplarına İlişkin Tutumları. HUHEMFAD 2008; 15(1):47-57. (Turkish)
26. Öngen B, Aytaç S. Üniversite öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumlari ve yaşam değerleri ilişkisi. Sosyoloji
27. Regitz-Zagrosek V, Oertelt-Prigione S, Prescott E, Franconi F, Gerdts E, Foryst-Ludwig A, et al. Gender in cardiovascular diseases: impact on clinical manifestations, management, and outcomes. European heart journal. 2016; 37(1):24-34.

There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Health Care Administration
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	Merve Kurnaz Ay 0000-0002-0089-0467 Selin Davun 0000-0001-5765-7757 Seyhan Hıdıroğlu 0000-0001-8656-4613 Çağan Deniz 0000-0001-7932-3299 Işıl Çebi 0000-0001-8947-8059 Dilara Engin 0000-0002-8716-4707 Işık Karabakal 0000-0003-0704-7250 Melda Karavuş 0000-0003-2629-2374
Early Pub Date	August 1, 2023
Publication Date	July 19, 2023
Submission Date	November 5, 2022
Acceptance Date	January 31, 2023
Published in Issue	Year 2023 Volume: 40 Issue: 2

Cite

APA	Kurnaz Ay, M., Davun, S., Hıdıroğlu, S., Deniz, Ç., et al. (2023). Evaluation of Gender Awareness Among Medical Students in Istanbul. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 40(2), 300-306.
AMA	Kurnaz Ay M, Davun S, Hıdıroğlu S, Deniz Ç, Çebi I, Engin D, Karabakal I, Karavuş M. Evaluation of Gender Awareness Among Medical Students in Istanbul. J. Exp. Clin. Med. July 2023;40(2):300-306.
Chicago	Kurnaz Ay, Merve, Selin Davun, Seyhan Hıdıroğlu, Çağan Deniz, Işıl Çebi, Dilara Engin, Işık Karabakal, and Melda Karavuş. “Evaluation of Gender Awareness Among Medical Students in Istanbul”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 40, no. 2 (July 2023): 300-306.
EndNote	Kurnaz Ay M, Davun S, Hıdıroğlu S, Deniz Ç, Çebi I, Engin D, Karabakal I, Karavuş M (July 1, 2023) Evaluation of Gender Awareness Among Medical Students in Istanbul. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 40 2 300–306.
IEEE	M. Kurnaz Ay, “Evaluation of Gender Awareness Among Medical Students in Istanbul”, J. Exp. Clin. Med., vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 300–306, 2023.
ISNAD	Kurnaz Ay, Merve et al. “Evaluation of Gender Awareness Among Medical Students in Istanbul”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 40/2 (July 2023), 300-306.
JAMA	Kurnaz Ay M, Davun S, Hıdıroğlu S, Deniz Ç, Çebi I, Engin D, Karabakal I, Karavuş M. Evaluation of Gender Awareness Among Medical Students in Istanbul. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2023;40:300–306.
MLA	Kurnaz Ay, Merve et al. “Evaluation of Gender Awareness Among Medical Students in Istanbul”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, vol. 40, no. 2, 2023, pp. 300-6.
Vancouver	Kurnaz Ay M, Davun S, Hıdıroğlu S, Deniz Ç, Çebi I, Engin D, Karabakal I, Karavuş M. Evaluation of Gender Awareness Among Medical Students in Istanbul. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2023;40(2):300-6.

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