Abstract
Bu çalışma, 2019 ve 2020 vejetasyon döneminde Bilecik ekolojik koşullarında yem şalgamı “YŞ” ile farklı tahıl “T” (arpa, “A”, buğday “B” ve yulaf “Y”) karışımlarının yeşil ot verimi ve rekabet oranlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bitkiler yalın ve 3 farklı karışım (75YŞ+%25T 50FT+%50C ve 25FT+%75C) oranında ekilmiştir. Çalışma Tesadüf Blokları Deneme Desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Çalışmada yeşil ot verimi, alan eşdeğerlik oranı (LER), rekabet indeksi (Rİ), agresivite (A) ve gerçek verim kaybı (GVK) değerleri belirlenmiştir. Yeşil ot verimi 23.91 ile 43.24 t ha-1 arasında değişmiştir. AEO en yüksek 50YŞ+%50Y (1.43), en düşük ise 75YŞ+%25B (0.94) karışımında olmuştur. Tahılların rekabet oranlarının yem şalgamına göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca karışımlarda tahıl oranı arttıkça GVK azalmıştır.
Sonuç olarak, yem şalgamına tahıl ilavesinin yeşil ot verimini arttırdığı ve karışımların yalın ekimlere göre daha iyi performans gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca tüm özelliklere göre Bilecik ekolojik koşullarında arpa ve yulafın yemlik şalgam ile %50+50 ve %25+75 tohum oranında ekiminin uygun olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Keywords
References
- Acar, Z., Gülümser, E., Önal Aşçı, Ö., Başaran, U., Mut, H., Ayan, İ., 2017. Effects of sowing ratio and harvest periods on hay yields, quality and competitive characteristics of Hungarian vetch – cereal mixtures. Legume Researches, 40(4): 677-683.
- Acar, Z., Tan, M., Ayan, İ., Önal Aşçı, Ö., Mut, H., Gülümser, E., Can, M. Kaymak, G., 2020. The situation of forage crops agriculture and its development opportunities in Turkey. Agricultural Engineers of Turkey IX. Technical Congress, pp: 529-553, Ankara, Turkey.
- Banik, P., Sasmal, T., Ghosal P.K., Bagchi, D.K., 2000. Evaluation of mustard (Brassica compestris var. Toria) and legume intercropping under 1: 1 and 2: 1 row‐replacement series systems. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 185(1): 9-14.
- Bantie, Y.B., Abera, F.A., Woldegiorgis, T.D., 2014. Competition ındices of ıntercropped lupine (local) and small cereals in additive series in West Gojam, North Western Ethiopia. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 5: 1296-1305.
- Çopur, Doğrusöz M., Mut. H., Başaran, U., Gülümser, E., 2019. Performance of legumes-turnip mixtures with different seed rates. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 7(1): 81-86.
- Dhima, K.V., Lithourgidis, A.S., Vasilakoglou, I.B., Dordas, C.A., 2007. Competition indices of common vetch and cereal intercrops in two seeding ratio. Field Crops Research, 100: 249-256.
- Dordas, C.A., Vlachostergios, D.N., Lithourgidis, A.S., 2012. Growth dynamics and agronomic-economic benefits of pea-oat and pea-barley intercrops. Crop and Pasture Science, 63: 45-52.
- Feng, L., Yang, W., Tang, H., Huang, G., Wang, S., 2022. Bandwidth row ratio configuration affect ınterspecific effects and land productivity in maize–soybean ıntercropping system. Agronomy, 12: 3095.
- Lithourgidis, A.S., Vlachostergios, D.N., Dordas, C.A., Damalas C.A., 2011. Dry matter yield, nitrogen content, and competition in pea-cereal intercropping systems. European Journal of Agronomy, 34: 287-294.
- Orak, A., Nizam, İ., 2012. Determining the yields of some annual forage crop ıntercropping suitable for tekirdağ conditions. Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 5(2): 5-10.
- Onal Asci, O., Acar, Z. and Kasko Arici, Y., 2015. Hay yield, quality traits and interspecies competition of forage pea – triticale miıxtures harvested at dýfferent stages. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops, 20: 166-173.
- Önal Aşçı, Ö., Eğritaş, Ö., 2017. Determination of forage yield, some quality properties and competition in common vetch-cereal mixtures. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 23: 242-252.
- Mugi-Ngenga, E., Bastiaans, L., Anten, NPR., Zingore, S., Baijukya, F., Giller, K.E., 2023. The role of inter-specific competition for water in maize-legume intercropping systems in northern Tanzania. Agriculture Systems, 27:103619.
- Mut, Z., Akay, H., Erbas Kose. OD., 2015. Hay yield and quality of oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes of worldwide origin. International Journal of Plant Production, 9(4): 507-522.
- Mut, Z., Erbas Kose., O.D., Akay, H., 2018. Evaluation of hay yield and quality traits of oat genotypes grown at different locations. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, 35: 168-187.
- Willey, RW., 1979. Intercropping-Its importance and research needs. Part 1. Competition and yield advantages. Field Crop Abstracts, 32: 1-10.
- Willey, R.W., Rao, M.R., 1980. A competitive ratio for quantifying competition between intercrops. Experimental Agriculture, 16: 117-125.
- Yılmaz, Ş., Özel, A., Atak, M., Erayman, M., 2015. Effects of seeding rates on competition indices of barley and vetch intercropping systems in the Eastern Mediterranean. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 39: 135-143.
- Zadoks, J.C., T.T. Chang and C.F. Konzak., 1974. A decimal code for growth stages cereals. Weed Research, 14: 415-421.
- Zohry, A.E.H., Ouda, S., Abdel Wahabi, T., 2020. Sustainable intensive cropping to reduce irrigation-induced erosion: Intercropping systems under surface irrigation practice. Moroccan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1(2): 63-71.
Abstract
The aim of current study was to determine of intercropping forage turnip “FT” with cereals “C” (barley, “B”, wheat “W” and oat “O”) for herbage yield and competitive ratios in Bilecik conditions in 2019-2002 and 2020-2021 growing periods. Plants were sown as sole and in 3 different mixtures (75FT+25C%, 50FT+50C% and 25FT+75C %). Experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In the study, herbage yield, land equivalent ratio (LER), competitive ratio (CR), aggressivity (A), and actual yield loss (AYL) values were determined. The herbage yield was ranged from 23.91 to 43.24 t ha-1.The highest LER value 50FT+50O% (1.43), while the lowest was in 75FT+25W% (0.94) mixture. It has been determined that the competitive ratios of cereals are higher than forage turnip. Besides, the AYL decreased with the increase in cereals ratio in mixtures.
As a result, it was determined that the addition of cereal to the forage turnip increased the herbage yield and the mixtures performed better than the monocrops. Besides, according to the all traits, it was concluded that it would be appropriate to sown forage turnip with barley and oats at a seed rate of 50+50% and 25+75% in Bilecik ecological conditions.
References
- Acar, Z., Gülümser, E., Önal Aşçı, Ö., Başaran, U., Mut, H., Ayan, İ., 2017. Effects of sowing ratio and harvest periods on hay yields, quality and competitive characteristics of Hungarian vetch – cereal mixtures. Legume Researches, 40(4): 677-683.
- Acar, Z., Tan, M., Ayan, İ., Önal Aşçı, Ö., Mut, H., Gülümser, E., Can, M. Kaymak, G., 2020. The situation of forage crops agriculture and its development opportunities in Turkey. Agricultural Engineers of Turkey IX. Technical Congress, pp: 529-553, Ankara, Turkey.
- Banik, P., Sasmal, T., Ghosal P.K., Bagchi, D.K., 2000. Evaluation of mustard (Brassica compestris var. Toria) and legume intercropping under 1: 1 and 2: 1 row‐replacement series systems. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 185(1): 9-14.
- Bantie, Y.B., Abera, F.A., Woldegiorgis, T.D., 2014. Competition ındices of ıntercropped lupine (local) and small cereals in additive series in West Gojam, North Western Ethiopia. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 5: 1296-1305.
- Çopur, Doğrusöz M., Mut. H., Başaran, U., Gülümser, E., 2019. Performance of legumes-turnip mixtures with different seed rates. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 7(1): 81-86.
- Dhima, K.V., Lithourgidis, A.S., Vasilakoglou, I.B., Dordas, C.A., 2007. Competition indices of common vetch and cereal intercrops in two seeding ratio. Field Crops Research, 100: 249-256.
- Dordas, C.A., Vlachostergios, D.N., Lithourgidis, A.S., 2012. Growth dynamics and agronomic-economic benefits of pea-oat and pea-barley intercrops. Crop and Pasture Science, 63: 45-52.
- Feng, L., Yang, W., Tang, H., Huang, G., Wang, S., 2022. Bandwidth row ratio configuration affect ınterspecific effects and land productivity in maize–soybean ıntercropping system. Agronomy, 12: 3095.
- Lithourgidis, A.S., Vlachostergios, D.N., Dordas, C.A., Damalas C.A., 2011. Dry matter yield, nitrogen content, and competition in pea-cereal intercropping systems. European Journal of Agronomy, 34: 287-294.
- Orak, A., Nizam, İ., 2012. Determining the yields of some annual forage crop ıntercropping suitable for tekirdağ conditions. Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 5(2): 5-10.
- Onal Asci, O., Acar, Z. and Kasko Arici, Y., 2015. Hay yield, quality traits and interspecies competition of forage pea – triticale miıxtures harvested at dýfferent stages. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops, 20: 166-173.
- Önal Aşçı, Ö., Eğritaş, Ö., 2017. Determination of forage yield, some quality properties and competition in common vetch-cereal mixtures. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 23: 242-252.
- Mugi-Ngenga, E., Bastiaans, L., Anten, NPR., Zingore, S., Baijukya, F., Giller, K.E., 2023. The role of inter-specific competition for water in maize-legume intercropping systems in northern Tanzania. Agriculture Systems, 27:103619.
- Mut, Z., Akay, H., Erbas Kose. OD., 2015. Hay yield and quality of oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes of worldwide origin. International Journal of Plant Production, 9(4): 507-522.
- Mut, Z., Erbas Kose., O.D., Akay, H., 2018. Evaluation of hay yield and quality traits of oat genotypes grown at different locations. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, 35: 168-187.
- Willey, RW., 1979. Intercropping-Its importance and research needs. Part 1. Competition and yield advantages. Field Crop Abstracts, 32: 1-10.
- Willey, R.W., Rao, M.R., 1980. A competitive ratio for quantifying competition between intercrops. Experimental Agriculture, 16: 117-125.
- Yılmaz, Ş., Özel, A., Atak, M., Erayman, M., 2015. Effects of seeding rates on competition indices of barley and vetch intercropping systems in the Eastern Mediterranean. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 39: 135-143.
- Zadoks, J.C., T.T. Chang and C.F. Konzak., 1974. A decimal code for growth stages cereals. Weed Research, 14: 415-421.
- Zohry, A.E.H., Ouda, S., Abdel Wahabi, T., 2020. Sustainable intensive cropping to reduce irrigation-induced erosion: Intercropping systems under surface irrigation practice. Moroccan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1(2): 63-71.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | June 30, 2023 |
| Publication Date | July 4, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | May 23, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 38 Issue: 2 |
