Vanadyumun Sağlık Açısından Önemi, Maruziyeti ve Toksisitesi

Fazilet Gök; Suat Ekin

doi:10.47495/okufbed.1060675

Review

Vanadyumun Sağlık Açısından Önemi, Maruziyeti ve Toksisitesi

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 1843 - 1854, 12.12.2022

Fazilet Gök Suat Ekin

https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1060675

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Vanadyum doğada yaygın olarak dağılmış olan bir iz elementtir ve insan dahil neredeyse tüm canlı organizmalarda bulunur. Vanadyumun önemi insanlarda ve hayvanlarda hala net olmasa da, daha düşük konsantrasyonlarda mikroorganizmalar, bitkiler ve hayvanlar için gereklidir ve canlı organizmalardaki eksikliği birçok yan etkiyle ilişkilidir. İnsanlarda çok çeşitli farmakolojik özellikler sergileyen vanadyum, insülini taklit etme etkisinden dolayı diyabeti tedavi etmek için diyet takviyelerinin bir bileşeni haline gelmiştir. Vanadyum ayrıca plazmayı korur, kan hemoglobini, V eksikliğinden etkilenmez, ancak V eksikliği olan diyetler amino asit metabolizmasını değiştirmeden kreatinin, trigliseritler, β-lipoprotein ve enzim benzeri glutamil transferaz ve sitrat asit döngüsünün aktivitelerini arttırır. Kolesterol düzeylerini, kalp hastalığını, sifilizi, tüberkülozu, anemiyi ve ödemi azalttığı, hemoglobin ve miyoglobinin oksijen afinitesinin artırılmasında rol oynadığı, iyot metabolizması ve tiroid fonksiyonu için gerekli olduğu bildirilmektedir. Kemiklerde kalsiyum birikimini kolaylaştırırarak kemik kollajen sentezinde, osteojenik ve osteoblastik aktivite için gereklidir, serum lipid düşürme kabiliyetine sahiptir, diyabetik koşullarda potansiyel bir antioksidan ajan olarak hareket eder. Vanadyum bileşiklerinin immün regülasyonda rol oynadığı bilinmektedir ve gelecekteki immünoterapiye yönelik umut verici metal ilaçlar olarak kullanılabilir. Kardiyovasküler ve sinir sisteminde rol oynar. Anti-parazitik, anti-viral, anti-HIV, anti-tüberküloz, anti-bakteriyel ve anti-tümör ajanları olarak da rol oynar, ancak ortalama 90 mg/kg konsantrasyonda topraktaki vanadyum, potansiyel olarak tehlikeli kirletici olarak kabul edilmiştir. Yüksek seviyelerde önemli toksik etkiler yaratabilir. İnsanlardaki fazla vanadyum, böbreklerde, karaciğerde, dalakta, kemiklerde ve lökositlerde morfolojik ve fonksiyonel lezyon riskini artırabilir. Bu derleme makalemizde, vanadyumun sağlığımıza nasıl etkileri olduğunu incelemek ve yararının yanında doza bağımlı olarak toksik etkilerini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

diyabet, toksisite, vanadyum

References

Boulassel B, Sadeg N, Roussel O, Perrin M, Belhadj-Tahar H. Fatal poisoning by vanadium. Forensic Sci Int. 2011 Mar 20;206(1-3):e79-81. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.10.027.
Correia I, Adão P, Roy S, Wahba M, Matos C, Maurya MR, Marques F, Pavan FR, Leite CQF, Avecilla F, Costa Pessoa J. Hydroxyquinoline derived vanadium(IV and V) and copper(II) complexes as potential anti-tuberculosis and anti-tumor agents. J Inorg Biochem. 2014 Dec;141:83-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.07.019. Epub 2014 Aug 7. PMID: 25226436.
Fernández, Mariana & Varela, Javier & Correia, Isabel & Birriel, Estefanía & Castiglioni, Jorge & Moreno, Virtudes & Pessoa, Joao & Cerecetto, Hugo & Gonzalez, Mercedes & Gambino, Dinorah. A new series of heteroleptic oxidovanadium(IV) compounds with phenanthroline- derived co-ligands: selective Trypanosoma cruzi growth inhibitors. Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England :2003). 2013;42. doi:10.1039/c3dt50512j.
Fernández M, Becco L, Correia I, Benítez J, Piro OE, Echeverria GA, Medeiros A, Comini M, Lavaggi ML, González M, Cerecetto H, Moreno V, Pessoa JC, Garat B, Gambino D. Oxidovanadium(IV) and dioxidovanadium(V) complexes of tridentate salicylaldehyde semicarbazones: searching for prospective antitrypanosomal agents. J Inorg Biochem. 2013 Oct;127:150-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.02.010.
Gruzewska K, Michno A, Pawelczyk T, Bielarczyk H. Essentiality and toxicity of vanadium supplements in health and pathology. J Physiol Pharmacol.2014;65(5):603-11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25371519/.
Jakusch T, Kiss T. In vitro study of the antidiabetic behavior of vanadium compounds, Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2017;351;118-126. doı:10.1016/j.ccr.2017.04.007
Jin S, Xia W, Jiang Y, Sun X, Huang S, Zhang B, Zhou A, Zheng T, Xu S, Li Y. Urinary vanadium concentration in relation to premature rupture of membranes: A birth cohort study. Chemosphere. 2018 Nov;210:1035-1041. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.110.
Lv Y, Xie L, Dong C et al.. Co-exposure of serum calcium, selenium and vanadium is nonlinearly associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Chinese population, Chemosphere,2021;263;128021. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128021
Malissen, B., Grégoire, C., Malissen, M. et al. Integrative biology of T cell activation. Nat Immunol 2014;15, 790–797. doi: 10.1038/ni.2959.
Panchal SK, Wanyonyi S, Brown L. Selenium, Vanadium, and Chromium as Micronutrients to Improve Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep.2017;19(3):10. doi: 10.1007/s11906- 017-0701-x. PMID: 28197835.
Patel N, Prajapati AK, Jadeja RN ve ark. Model investigations for vanadium-protein interactions: Synthesis, characterization and antidiabetic properties, Inorganica Chimica Acta,2019;493;20- 28. doi:10.1016/j.ica.2019.04.050
Pessoa JC, Etcheverry S, Gambino D. Vanadium compounds in medicine, Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2015;301–302,24-48. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2014.12.002
Rehder D. Implications of vanadium in technical applications and pharmaceutical issues, Inorganica Chimica Acta, Part 2, 2017; 455;378-389. doi:10.1016/j.ica.2016.06.021
Rehder D. Vanadium in health issues. ChemTexts 2018;4, 20. doi:10.1007/s40828-018-0074-z.
Ross, A., Soares, D.C., Covelli, D.S., Pannecouque, C., Budd, L.E., Collins, A., Robertson, N., Parsons, S., De Clercq, E., Kennepohl, P., & Sadler, P.J. Oxovanadium(IV) cyclam and bicyclam complexes: potential CXCR4 receptor antagonists. Inorganic chemistry, 2010;49 3, 1122-32. doi:10.1021/ic9020614
Sanna D, Ugone V, Serra M, Garribba E. Speciation of potential anti-diabetic vanadium complexes in real serum samples. J Inorg Biochem. 2017;173:52-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.04.023. Epub 2017 Apr 25. PMID: 28499214.
Shigeta S, Mori S, Kodama E, Kodama J, Takahashi K, Yamase T. Broad spectrum anti-RNA virus activities of titanium and vanadium substituted polyoxotungstates. Antiviral Res. 2003 May;58(3):265-71. doi: 10.1016/s0166-3542(03)00009-3. PMID: 12767474.
Soares SS, Gutiérrez-Merino C, Aureliano M. Decavanadate induces mitochondrial membrane depolarization and inhibits oxygen consumption. J Inorg Biochem. 2007 May;101(5):789- 96. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.01.012.
Suwalsky M, Fierro P, Villena F, Aguilar LF, Sotomayor CP, Jemiola-Rzeminska M, Strzalka K, Gul- Hinc S, Ronowska A, Szutowicz A. Human erythrocytes and neuroblastoma cells are in vitro affected by sodium orthovanadate. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012 Sep;1818(9):2260-70. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.04.012.
Suwalsky M, Fierro P, Villena F, Gallardo MJ, Jemiola-Rzeminska M, Strzalka K, Gul-Hinc S, Ronowska A, Zysk M, Szutowicz A. Effects of sodium metavanadate on in vitro neuroblastoma and red blood cells. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2013 Jul 15;535(2):248-56. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.04.006.
Theron, A.J., Tintinger, G.R., & Anderson, R. Harmful Interactions of Non-Essential Heavy Metals with Cells of the Innate Immune System. Journal of Clinical Toxicology, 2011;2013, 1-10. doi:10.4172/2161-0495.s3-005
Trevino S, Velazquez-Vazquez D, Sanchez-Lara E, Diaz-Fonseca, A, Flores-Hernandez JA, Perez- Benítez A, Brambila-Colombres, E, Gonzalez-Vergara E. Metforminium decavanadate as a potential metallopharmaceutical drug for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Oxidative Med Cell Longev. 2016. doi: 10.1155/2016/6058705
Tripathi D, Mani V, Pal RP. Vanadium in biosphere and ıts role in biological processes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018;186, 52–67. doi:10.1007/s12011-018-1289-y. Epub 2018 Mar 9. PMID: 29524196.
Tsave O, Petanidis S, Kioseoglou E, Yavropoulou MP, Yovos JG, Anestakis D, Tsepa A, Salifoglou A. Role of Vanadium in Cellular and Molecular Immunology: Association with Immune-Related Inflammation and Pharmacotoxicology Mechanisms. Oxid Med Cell Longev.2016;2016:4013639. doi: 10.1155/2016/4013639.
Yamase, T, Ishikawa, E, Fukaya, K, Nojiri, H, Taniguchi,T, Atake T. Spin-Frustrated (VO)36+- Triangle- Sandwiching Octadecatungstates as a New Class of Molecular Magnets. Inorganic Chemistry 2004 43 (25), 8150-8157.doi: 10.1021/ic049669n
Yraola F, García-Vicente S,Marti L, Albericio F, Zorzano A, Royo M. Understanding the mechanism of action of the novel SSAO substrate (C7NH10)6(V10O28).2H2O, a prodrug of peroxovanadate insulin mimetics. Chem Biol Drug Des 2007;69:423–428. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2007.00516.x.
Yu YQ, Yang JY. Oral bioaccessibility and health risk assessment of vanadium (IV) and vanadium (V) in a vanadium titanomagnetite mining region by a whole digestive system in-vitro method (WDSM). Chemosphere. 2019;215;294-304. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.042.
Zorzano A, Palacín M, Marti L, García-Vicente S. Arylalkylamine vanadium salts as new anti- diabetic compounds. J Inorg Biochem 2009;103:559–566. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2009.01.015. Epub 2009 Jan 27. PMID: 19246098.
Wang YX, Chen HG, Li XD, Chen YJ, Liu C, Feng W, Zeng Q, Wang P, Pan A, Lu WQ. Concentrations of vanadium in urine and seminal plasma in relation to semen quality parameters, spermatozoa DNA damage and serum hormone levels. Sci Total Environ. 2018 Dec 15;645:441- 448. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.137.
Wei, D., Li, M. & Ding, W. Effect of vanadate on gene expression of the insulin signaling pathway in skeletal muscle of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Biol Inorg Chem 2007;12, 1265–1273. doi: 10.1007/s00775-007-0294-y.

Health Importance, Exposure and Toxicity of Vanadium

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 1843 - 1854, 12.12.2022

Fazilet Gök Suat Ekin

https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1060675

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Vanadium is a trace element widely distributed in nature and is found in almost all living organisms, including humans. Although the importance of vanadium in humans and animals is still unclear, lower concentrations are essential for microorganisms, plants and animals, and its deficiency in living organisms is associated with many adverse effects. Displaying a wide variety of pharmacological properties in humans, vanadium has become an ingredient in dietary supplements to treat diabetes due to its insulin imitating effect. Vanadium protects plasma, blood hemoglobin is not affected by V deficiency, but V-deficient diets increase the activities of creatinine, triglycerides, β-lipoprotein and enzyme-like glutamyl transferase and citrate acid cycle without altering amino acid metabolism. It is reported that it reduces cholesterol levels, heart disease, syphilis, tuberculosis, anemia and edema, plays a role in increasing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin and myoglobin, and is necessary for iodine metabolism and thyroid function. It is necessary for bone collagen synthesis, osteogenic and osteoblastic activity by facilitating calcium deposition in bones, has serum lipid lowering ability, acts as a potential antioxidant agent in diabetic conditions. Vanadium compounds are known to play a role in immune regulation and can be used as promising metal drugs for future immunotherapy. It plays a role in the cardiovascular and nervous system. It also plays a role as anti-parasitic, anti-viral, anti-HIV, anti-tuberculosis, anti-bacterial and anti-tumor agents, but vanadium formed in soil at an average concentration of 90 mg / kg has been recognized as a potentially hazardous contaminant. High levels can produce significant toxic effects. Excess vanadium in humans can increase the risk of morphological and functional lesions in the kidneys, liver, spleen, bones, and leukocytes. In this review article, we aimed to examine the effects of vanadium on our health and to investigate the toxic effects of vanadium as well as its benefits.

Keywords

diabetes, toxicity, vanadium

References

Boulassel B, Sadeg N, Roussel O, Perrin M, Belhadj-Tahar H. Fatal poisoning by vanadium. Forensic Sci Int. 2011 Mar 20;206(1-3):e79-81. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.10.027.
Correia I, Adão P, Roy S, Wahba M, Matos C, Maurya MR, Marques F, Pavan FR, Leite CQF, Avecilla F, Costa Pessoa J. Hydroxyquinoline derived vanadium(IV and V) and copper(II) complexes as potential anti-tuberculosis and anti-tumor agents. J Inorg Biochem. 2014 Dec;141:83-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.07.019. Epub 2014 Aug 7. PMID: 25226436.
Fernández, Mariana & Varela, Javier & Correia, Isabel & Birriel, Estefanía & Castiglioni, Jorge & Moreno, Virtudes & Pessoa, Joao & Cerecetto, Hugo & Gonzalez, Mercedes & Gambino, Dinorah. A new series of heteroleptic oxidovanadium(IV) compounds with phenanthroline- derived co-ligands: selective Trypanosoma cruzi growth inhibitors. Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England :2003). 2013;42. doi:10.1039/c3dt50512j.
Fernández M, Becco L, Correia I, Benítez J, Piro OE, Echeverria GA, Medeiros A, Comini M, Lavaggi ML, González M, Cerecetto H, Moreno V, Pessoa JC, Garat B, Gambino D. Oxidovanadium(IV) and dioxidovanadium(V) complexes of tridentate salicylaldehyde semicarbazones: searching for prospective antitrypanosomal agents. J Inorg Biochem. 2013 Oct;127:150-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.02.010.
Gruzewska K, Michno A, Pawelczyk T, Bielarczyk H. Essentiality and toxicity of vanadium supplements in health and pathology. J Physiol Pharmacol.2014;65(5):603-11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25371519/.
Jakusch T, Kiss T. In vitro study of the antidiabetic behavior of vanadium compounds, Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2017;351;118-126. doı:10.1016/j.ccr.2017.04.007
Jin S, Xia W, Jiang Y, Sun X, Huang S, Zhang B, Zhou A, Zheng T, Xu S, Li Y. Urinary vanadium concentration in relation to premature rupture of membranes: A birth cohort study. Chemosphere. 2018 Nov;210:1035-1041. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.110.
Lv Y, Xie L, Dong C et al.. Co-exposure of serum calcium, selenium and vanadium is nonlinearly associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Chinese population, Chemosphere,2021;263;128021. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128021
Malissen, B., Grégoire, C., Malissen, M. et al. Integrative biology of T cell activation. Nat Immunol 2014;15, 790–797. doi: 10.1038/ni.2959.
Panchal SK, Wanyonyi S, Brown L. Selenium, Vanadium, and Chromium as Micronutrients to Improve Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep.2017;19(3):10. doi: 10.1007/s11906- 017-0701-x. PMID: 28197835.
Patel N, Prajapati AK, Jadeja RN ve ark. Model investigations for vanadium-protein interactions: Synthesis, characterization and antidiabetic properties, Inorganica Chimica Acta,2019;493;20- 28. doi:10.1016/j.ica.2019.04.050
Pessoa JC, Etcheverry S, Gambino D. Vanadium compounds in medicine, Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2015;301–302,24-48. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2014.12.002
Rehder D. Implications of vanadium in technical applications and pharmaceutical issues, Inorganica Chimica Acta, Part 2, 2017; 455;378-389. doi:10.1016/j.ica.2016.06.021
Rehder D. Vanadium in health issues. ChemTexts 2018;4, 20. doi:10.1007/s40828-018-0074-z.
Ross, A., Soares, D.C., Covelli, D.S., Pannecouque, C., Budd, L.E., Collins, A., Robertson, N., Parsons, S., De Clercq, E., Kennepohl, P., & Sadler, P.J. Oxovanadium(IV) cyclam and bicyclam complexes: potential CXCR4 receptor antagonists. Inorganic chemistry, 2010;49 3, 1122-32. doi:10.1021/ic9020614
Sanna D, Ugone V, Serra M, Garribba E. Speciation of potential anti-diabetic vanadium complexes in real serum samples. J Inorg Biochem. 2017;173:52-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.04.023. Epub 2017 Apr 25. PMID: 28499214.
Shigeta S, Mori S, Kodama E, Kodama J, Takahashi K, Yamase T. Broad spectrum anti-RNA virus activities of titanium and vanadium substituted polyoxotungstates. Antiviral Res. 2003 May;58(3):265-71. doi: 10.1016/s0166-3542(03)00009-3. PMID: 12767474.
Soares SS, Gutiérrez-Merino C, Aureliano M. Decavanadate induces mitochondrial membrane depolarization and inhibits oxygen consumption. J Inorg Biochem. 2007 May;101(5):789- 96. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.01.012.
Suwalsky M, Fierro P, Villena F, Aguilar LF, Sotomayor CP, Jemiola-Rzeminska M, Strzalka K, Gul- Hinc S, Ronowska A, Szutowicz A. Human erythrocytes and neuroblastoma cells are in vitro affected by sodium orthovanadate. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012 Sep;1818(9):2260-70. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.04.012.
Suwalsky M, Fierro P, Villena F, Gallardo MJ, Jemiola-Rzeminska M, Strzalka K, Gul-Hinc S, Ronowska A, Zysk M, Szutowicz A. Effects of sodium metavanadate on in vitro neuroblastoma and red blood cells. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2013 Jul 15;535(2):248-56. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.04.006.
Theron, A.J., Tintinger, G.R., & Anderson, R. Harmful Interactions of Non-Essential Heavy Metals with Cells of the Innate Immune System. Journal of Clinical Toxicology, 2011;2013, 1-10. doi:10.4172/2161-0495.s3-005
Trevino S, Velazquez-Vazquez D, Sanchez-Lara E, Diaz-Fonseca, A, Flores-Hernandez JA, Perez- Benítez A, Brambila-Colombres, E, Gonzalez-Vergara E. Metforminium decavanadate as a potential metallopharmaceutical drug for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Oxidative Med Cell Longev. 2016. doi: 10.1155/2016/6058705
Tripathi D, Mani V, Pal RP. Vanadium in biosphere and ıts role in biological processes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018;186, 52–67. doi:10.1007/s12011-018-1289-y. Epub 2018 Mar 9. PMID: 29524196.
Tsave O, Petanidis S, Kioseoglou E, Yavropoulou MP, Yovos JG, Anestakis D, Tsepa A, Salifoglou A. Role of Vanadium in Cellular and Molecular Immunology: Association with Immune-Related Inflammation and Pharmacotoxicology Mechanisms. Oxid Med Cell Longev.2016;2016:4013639. doi: 10.1155/2016/4013639.
Yamase, T, Ishikawa, E, Fukaya, K, Nojiri, H, Taniguchi,T, Atake T. Spin-Frustrated (VO)36+- Triangle- Sandwiching Octadecatungstates as a New Class of Molecular Magnets. Inorganic Chemistry 2004 43 (25), 8150-8157.doi: 10.1021/ic049669n
Yraola F, García-Vicente S,Marti L, Albericio F, Zorzano A, Royo M. Understanding the mechanism of action of the novel SSAO substrate (C7NH10)6(V10O28).2H2O, a prodrug of peroxovanadate insulin mimetics. Chem Biol Drug Des 2007;69:423–428. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2007.00516.x.
Yu YQ, Yang JY. Oral bioaccessibility and health risk assessment of vanadium (IV) and vanadium (V) in a vanadium titanomagnetite mining region by a whole digestive system in-vitro method (WDSM). Chemosphere. 2019;215;294-304. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.042.
Zorzano A, Palacín M, Marti L, García-Vicente S. Arylalkylamine vanadium salts as new anti- diabetic compounds. J Inorg Biochem 2009;103:559–566. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2009.01.015. Epub 2009 Jan 27. PMID: 19246098.
Wang YX, Chen HG, Li XD, Chen YJ, Liu C, Feng W, Zeng Q, Wang P, Pan A, Lu WQ. Concentrations of vanadium in urine and seminal plasma in relation to semen quality parameters, spermatozoa DNA damage and serum hormone levels. Sci Total Environ. 2018 Dec 15;645:441- 448. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.137.
Wei, D., Li, M. & Ding, W. Effect of vanadate on gene expression of the insulin signaling pathway in skeletal muscle of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Biol Inorg Chem 2007;12, 1265–1273. doi: 10.1007/s00775-007-0294-y.

There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Journal Section	REVIEWS
Authors	Fazilet Gök 0000-0001-6328-6905 Suat Ekin 0000-0002-6502-5028
Publication Date	December 12, 2022
Submission Date	January 20, 2022
Acceptance Date	May 26, 2022
Published in Issue	Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 3

Cite

APA	Gök, F., & Ekin, S. (2022). Vanadyumun Sağlık Açısından Önemi, Maruziyeti ve Toksisitesi. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(3), 1843-1854. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1060675
AMA	Gök F, Ekin S. Vanadyumun Sağlık Açısından Önemi, Maruziyeti ve Toksisitesi. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences. December 2022;5(3):1843-1854. doi:10.47495/okufbed.1060675
Chicago	Gök, Fazilet, and Suat Ekin. “Vanadyumun Sağlık Açısından Önemi, Maruziyeti Ve Toksisitesi”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5, no. 3 (December 2022): 1843-54. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1060675.
EndNote	Gök F, Ekin S (December 1, 2022) Vanadyumun Sağlık Açısından Önemi, Maruziyeti ve Toksisitesi. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5 3 1843–1854.
IEEE	F. Gök and S. Ekin, “Vanadyumun Sağlık Açısından Önemi, Maruziyeti ve Toksisitesi”, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1843–1854, 2022, doi: 10.47495/okufbed.1060675.
ISNAD	Gök, Fazilet - Ekin, Suat. “Vanadyumun Sağlık Açısından Önemi, Maruziyeti Ve Toksisitesi”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5/3 (December 2022), 1843-1854. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1060675.
JAMA	Gök F, Ekin S. Vanadyumun Sağlık Açısından Önemi, Maruziyeti ve Toksisitesi. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences. 2022;5:1843–1854.
MLA	Gök, Fazilet and Suat Ekin. “Vanadyumun Sağlık Açısından Önemi, Maruziyeti Ve Toksisitesi”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 3, 2022, pp. 1843-54, doi:10.47495/okufbed.1060675.
Vancouver	Gök F, Ekin S. Vanadyumun Sağlık Açısından Önemi, Maruziyeti ve Toksisitesi. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences. 2022;5(3):1843-54.