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Ticari Bir Şişe Soğutucu Üzerine Bir İnceleme: Farklı Malzeme ve Şekillere Sahip Yükleme Paketlerinin Enerji Tüketimi ve Performans Üzerindeki Etkisi

Year 2023, Volume: 64 Issue: 712, 417 - 452, 29.09.2023

Bora Devrim Hakan Tavukçu Harun Kemal Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.46399/muhendismakina.1272520

Abstract

Ticari soğutucular, gıda servisi, konaklama ve perakende gibi çeşitli endüstrilerde ticari kullanım için özel olarak tasarlanmıştır. Tasarımları amaçlarına göre değişik şekil, boyut ve yapılandırmalarda gelirler. En yaygın olanları arasında, şişe soğutucuları, şarap dolapları, dondurma dolapları yer alır. Soğutma sistemi, ticari bir soğutucu satın alırken göz önünde bulundurulması gereken önemli bir faktördür ve zorlanmış hava taşınımlı soğutma en yaygın tiptir. Enerji tüketimi, boyut, tip ve kullanım durumuna bağlı olarak değişebilir ve birçok model artık enerji tasarruflu olacak şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Kapasite, gürültü seviyesi ve ayarlanabilir sıcaklık kontrolü, enerji verimliliği, otomatik kapanan kapılar, güvenlik kilitlemeleri ve iç aydınlatma gibi belirli özellikler de dikkate alınması gereken diğer önemli faktörler arasındadır. Çalışmaya, içecekleri soğutmak için tasarlanmış bir ticari soğutucunun Alüminyum Kutular ve PET şişeler için istenen sıcaklığa ulaşmak için gereken süreyi belirleyen IPD testi ve istenen aralıktaki sıcaklıkta soğutmak için tasarlanmış bir ticari şişe soğutucusunun tamamen stabil enerji tüketimini ölçen bir enerji testi de dahil edilmiştir.

Keywords

Enerji Tüketimi Şişe Soğutucular Enerji Verimliliği

Supporting Institution

Uğur Soğutma Makinaları Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

Project Number

B21.USS00001

References

  • 1. Albayati, I. M., Postnikov, A., Pearson, S., Bickerton, R., Zolotas, A., and Bingham, C. (2020). Power and energy analysis for a commercial retail refrigeration system responding to a static demand side response. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 117, 105645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105645
  • 2. Bahar, E. M., Erten, S., and Aktaş, M. (2021). An Experimental Study Towards Decreasing the Energy Efficiency Index Value in Industrial Refrigerators. Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology, 9(3), 432-445. https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.903320
  • 3. Bierma, T. J., Jin, G., and Bazan, C. N. (2019). Food Donation and Food Safety: Challenges, Current Practices, and the Road Ahead. Journal of Environmental Health, 81(10).
  • 4. Brown, W. K. (2000). Operation and maintenance of evaporative coolers. ASHRAE journal, 42(7), 27.
  • 5. Chua, K. J., Chou, S. K., Yang, W. M., and Yan, J. (2013). Achieving better energy-efficient air conditioning–a review of technologies and strategies. Applied Energy, 104, 87-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.10.037
  • 6. Cortella, G., Coppola, M. A., and D'Agaro, P. (2021). Sizing and control rules of dedicated mechanical subcooler in trans critical CO2 booster systems for commercial refrigeration. Applied Thermal Engineering, 193, 116953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116953
  • 7. Deneen, M. A., and Gross, A. C. (2002). The global commercial refrigeration equipment market. (Focus on Industries and Markets). Business Economics, 37(1), 54-61.
  • 8. EERE, 2023, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Purchasing Energy-Efficient Commercial Refrigerators and Freezers, https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/purchasing-energy-efficient-commercial-refrigerators-and-freezers
  • 9. Garces, E., van Blommestein, K., Anthony, J., Hillegas-Elting, J., Daim, T., and Yoon, B. S. (2017). Technology domain analysis: A case of energy-efficient advanced commercial refrigeration technologies. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 12, 221-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2017.08.002
  • 10. Garcia, J. M., and Coelho, L. M. R. (2010). Energy efficiency strategies in refrigeration systems of large supermarkets. International Journal of Energy and Environment, 4(3), 63-70.
  • 11. Girotto, S., Minetto, S., and Neksa, P. (2004). Commercial refrigeration system using CO2 as the refrigerant. International journal of refrigeration, 27(7), 717-723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2004.07.004
  • 12. Hardenburg, R. E., Watada, A. E., and Wang, C. Y. (1986). The commercial storage of fruits, vegetables, and florist and nursery stocks (No. 66). US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service.
  • 13. Kaushik Bhattacharje CEM (2008) Energy Conservation Opportunities in an Industrial Refrigeration System, Energy Engineering, 105:5, 55-63, https://doi: 10.1080/01998590809509389
  • 14. Liu, X., Zhang, C. F., Zhou, J. G., Xiong, X., and Wang, Y. P. (2022). Thermal performance of battery thermal management system using fins to enhance the combination of thermoelectric Cooler and phase change. Material. Applied Energy, 322, 119503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119503
  • 15. Llopis, R., Sánchez, D., Cabello, R., Catalán-Gil, J., and Nebot-Andrés, L. (2017a). Experimental analysis of R-450A and R-513A as replacements of R-134a and R-507A in a medium temperature commercial refrigeration system. International journal of refrigeration, 84, 52-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2017.08.022
  • 16. Llopis, R., Sánchez, D., Cabello, R., Nebot-Andrés, L., and Catalán-Gil, J. (2017b). R-407H as drop-in of R-404A. Experimental analysis in a low temperature direct expansion commercial refrigeration system. International Journal of Refrigeration, 80, 11-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2017.08.022
  • 17. Llopis, R., Sánchez, D., Sanz-Kock, C., Cabello, R., and Torrella, E. (2015). Energy and environmental comparison of two-stage solutions for commercial refrigeration at low temperature: Fluids and systems. Applied Energy, 138, 133-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.10.069
  • 18. Maina, P., and Huan, Z. (2015). A review of carbon dioxide as a refrigerant in refrigeration technology. South African Journal of Science, 111(9-10), 01-10. https://doi.10.17159/sajs.2015/20140258
  • 19. Minetto, S., Rossetti, A., and Marinetti, S. (2018). Seasonal energy efficiency ratio for remote condensing units in commercial refrigeration systems. International Journal of Refrigeration, 85, 85-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2017.09.013
  • 20. Montagner, G. P., and Melo, C. (2014). A study on carbon dioxide cycle architectures for light-commercial refrigeration systems. International journal of refrigeration, 42, 90-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2014.02.001
  • 21. Mota-Babiloni, A., Navarro-Esbrí, J., Barragán-Cervera, Á., Molés, F., Peris, B., and Verdú, G. (2015). Commercial refrigeration–an overview of current status. International journal of refrigeration, 57, 186-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.04.013
  • 22. Mota-Babiloni, A., Navarro-Esbrí, J., Barragán-Cervera, Á., Molés, F., Peris, B., & Verdú, G., (2015). Commercial refrigeration–an overview of current status. International journal of refrigeration, 57, 186-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.04.013
  • 23. Mukherjee, P. K., Gibbs, E., Walia, A., and Taylor, C. (2020). Staying cool: The development of India's pioneering energy efficiency policy for chillers. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, 9(4), e372. https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.372
  • 24. Park, W. Y., Shah, N., Jacob T., Ding, C. and Karali N., (2021). Climate-Friendly and Energy-Efficient Commercial Refrigerators, Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, United Nations Environment Programme – United for Efficiency (U4E).
  • 25. Polzot, A., D'Agaro, P., Gullo, P., and Cortella, G. (2016). Modelling commercial refrigeration systems coupled with water storage to improve energy efficiency and perform heat recovery. International Journal of Refrigeration, 69, 313-323.
  • 26. Rivers, N. (2005). Management of energy usage in a supermarket refrigeration systems. The Institute of Refrigeration session. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.06.012
  • 27. Sánchez, D., Andreu-Nácher, A., Calleja-Anta, D., Llopis, R., and Cabello, R. (2022). Energy impact evaluation of different low-GWP alternatives to replace R134a in a beverage cooler. Experimental analysis and optimization for the pure refrigerants R152a, R1234yf, R290, R1270, R600a and R744. Energy Conversion and Management, 256, 115388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115388
  • 28. Stoecker, W. F. (1998). Industrial refrigeration handbook. McGraw-Hill Education.
  • 29. Stovall, T. K., and Tomlinson, J. J. (1990). Commercial cool storage laboratory test procedure (No. ORNL/TM-11511). Oak Ridge National Lab.(ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States).
  • 30. Thompson, J. F., Mejia, D. C., and Singh, R. P. (2010). Energy use of commercial forced-air coolers for fruit. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 26(5), 919-924. doi: 10.13031/2013.34934
  • 31. Thompson, J. F., Mitchell, F. G., and Rumsay, T. R. (2008). Commercial Cooling Of Fruits, Vegetables, and Flowers (Vol. 21567). UCANR Publications.
  • 32. Waide, P., van der Sluis, S., and Michineau, T. (2014). CLASP Commercial refrigeration equipment: mapping and benchmarking. Waide Strategic Efficiency Ltd.
  • 33. Wang, K., Eisele, M., Hwang, Y., and Radermacher, R. (2010). Review of secondary loop refrigeration systems. International Journal of Refrigeration, 33(2), 212-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2009.09.018
  • 34. Wang, N., Lv, Y., Zhao, D., Zhao, W., Xu, J., and Yang, R. (2022). Performance evaluation of radiative cooling for commercial-scale warehouse. Materials Today Energy, 24, 100927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtener.2021.100927
  • 35. Westphalen, D., Zogg, R. A., Varone, A. F., Foran, M. A., Brodrick, J. R., and DuBois, T. (1996). Energy savings potential for commercial refrigeration equipment. Final Report Prepared for Building Equipment Division Office of Building Technologies.
  • 36. Whitman, B., Johnson, B., Tomczyk, J., and Silberstein, E. (2012). Refrigeration and air conditioning technology. Delmar Cengage Learning. New York, USA.

A Review on Commercial Refrigerator: The Effect of Loading Packages with Different Materials and Shapes on Energy Consumption and Performance

Year 2023, Volume: 64 Issue: 712, 417 - 452, 29.09.2023

Bora Devrim Hakan Tavukçu Harun Kemal Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.46399/muhendismakina.1272520

Abstract

Commercial coolers are designed specifically for commercial use in various industries, such as food service, hospitality, and retail. They come in different shapes, sizes, and configurations, with varying features and capabilities depending on the intended use. The most common types are beverage coolers, wine cabinets, ice cream cabinets, glass-front coolers. The cooling system is an important factor to consider when purchasing a commercial cooler, with forced air-cooling being the most common type. Energy consumption can vary depending on size, type, and usage, with many models now designed to be energy-efficient. Other important factors to consider include capacity, noise level, and specific features such as adjustable temperature control, energy efficiency, self-closing doors, safety locks, and interior lighting. The study included an IPD test which determine the time it takes for a commercial cooler designed for cooling beverages to reach the desired temperature from the ambient temperature at the desired range for Aluminum Cans and PET bottles, as well as measuring the energy consumption of a fully stabilized commercial bottle cooler.

Keywords

Energy Consumption Beverage Coolers Energy Efficiency

Project Number

B21.USS00001

References

  • 1. Albayati, I. M., Postnikov, A., Pearson, S., Bickerton, R., Zolotas, A., and Bingham, C. (2020). Power and energy analysis for a commercial retail refrigeration system responding to a static demand side response. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 117, 105645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105645
  • 2. Bahar, E. M., Erten, S., and Aktaş, M. (2021). An Experimental Study Towards Decreasing the Energy Efficiency Index Value in Industrial Refrigerators. Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology, 9(3), 432-445. https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.903320
  • 3. Bierma, T. J., Jin, G., and Bazan, C. N. (2019). Food Donation and Food Safety: Challenges, Current Practices, and the Road Ahead. Journal of Environmental Health, 81(10).
  • 4. Brown, W. K. (2000). Operation and maintenance of evaporative coolers. ASHRAE journal, 42(7), 27.
  • 5. Chua, K. J., Chou, S. K., Yang, W. M., and Yan, J. (2013). Achieving better energy-efficient air conditioning–a review of technologies and strategies. Applied Energy, 104, 87-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.10.037
  • 6. Cortella, G., Coppola, M. A., and D'Agaro, P. (2021). Sizing and control rules of dedicated mechanical subcooler in trans critical CO2 booster systems for commercial refrigeration. Applied Thermal Engineering, 193, 116953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116953
  • 7. Deneen, M. A., and Gross, A. C. (2002). The global commercial refrigeration equipment market. (Focus on Industries and Markets). Business Economics, 37(1), 54-61.
  • 8. EERE, 2023, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Purchasing Energy-Efficient Commercial Refrigerators and Freezers, https://www.energy.gov/eere/femp/purchasing-energy-efficient-commercial-refrigerators-and-freezers
  • 9. Garces, E., van Blommestein, K., Anthony, J., Hillegas-Elting, J., Daim, T., and Yoon, B. S. (2017). Technology domain analysis: A case of energy-efficient advanced commercial refrigeration technologies. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 12, 221-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2017.08.002
  • 10. Garcia, J. M., and Coelho, L. M. R. (2010). Energy efficiency strategies in refrigeration systems of large supermarkets. International Journal of Energy and Environment, 4(3), 63-70.
  • 11. Girotto, S., Minetto, S., and Neksa, P. (2004). Commercial refrigeration system using CO2 as the refrigerant. International journal of refrigeration, 27(7), 717-723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2004.07.004
  • 12. Hardenburg, R. E., Watada, A. E., and Wang, C. Y. (1986). The commercial storage of fruits, vegetables, and florist and nursery stocks (No. 66). US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service.
  • 13. Kaushik Bhattacharje CEM (2008) Energy Conservation Opportunities in an Industrial Refrigeration System, Energy Engineering, 105:5, 55-63, https://doi: 10.1080/01998590809509389
  • 14. Liu, X., Zhang, C. F., Zhou, J. G., Xiong, X., and Wang, Y. P. (2022). Thermal performance of battery thermal management system using fins to enhance the combination of thermoelectric Cooler and phase change. Material. Applied Energy, 322, 119503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119503
  • 15. Llopis, R., Sánchez, D., Cabello, R., Catalán-Gil, J., and Nebot-Andrés, L. (2017a). Experimental analysis of R-450A and R-513A as replacements of R-134a and R-507A in a medium temperature commercial refrigeration system. International journal of refrigeration, 84, 52-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2017.08.022
  • 16. Llopis, R., Sánchez, D., Cabello, R., Nebot-Andrés, L., and Catalán-Gil, J. (2017b). R-407H as drop-in of R-404A. Experimental analysis in a low temperature direct expansion commercial refrigeration system. International Journal of Refrigeration, 80, 11-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2017.08.022
  • 17. Llopis, R., Sánchez, D., Sanz-Kock, C., Cabello, R., and Torrella, E. (2015). Energy and environmental comparison of two-stage solutions for commercial refrigeration at low temperature: Fluids and systems. Applied Energy, 138, 133-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.10.069
  • 18. Maina, P., and Huan, Z. (2015). A review of carbon dioxide as a refrigerant in refrigeration technology. South African Journal of Science, 111(9-10), 01-10. https://doi.10.17159/sajs.2015/20140258
  • 19. Minetto, S., Rossetti, A., and Marinetti, S. (2018). Seasonal energy efficiency ratio for remote condensing units in commercial refrigeration systems. International Journal of Refrigeration, 85, 85-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2017.09.013
  • 20. Montagner, G. P., and Melo, C. (2014). A study on carbon dioxide cycle architectures for light-commercial refrigeration systems. International journal of refrigeration, 42, 90-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2014.02.001
  • 21. Mota-Babiloni, A., Navarro-Esbrí, J., Barragán-Cervera, Á., Molés, F., Peris, B., and Verdú, G. (2015). Commercial refrigeration–an overview of current status. International journal of refrigeration, 57, 186-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.04.013
  • 22. Mota-Babiloni, A., Navarro-Esbrí, J., Barragán-Cervera, Á., Molés, F., Peris, B., & Verdú, G., (2015). Commercial refrigeration–an overview of current status. International journal of refrigeration, 57, 186-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.04.013
  • 23. Mukherjee, P. K., Gibbs, E., Walia, A., and Taylor, C. (2020). Staying cool: The development of India's pioneering energy efficiency policy for chillers. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, 9(4), e372. https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.372
  • 24. Park, W. Y., Shah, N., Jacob T., Ding, C. and Karali N., (2021). Climate-Friendly and Energy-Efficient Commercial Refrigerators, Energy-Efficient and Climate-Friendly Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, United Nations Environment Programme – United for Efficiency (U4E).
  • 25. Polzot, A., D'Agaro, P., Gullo, P., and Cortella, G. (2016). Modelling commercial refrigeration systems coupled with water storage to improve energy efficiency and perform heat recovery. International Journal of Refrigeration, 69, 313-323.
  • 26. Rivers, N. (2005). Management of energy usage in a supermarket refrigeration systems. The Institute of Refrigeration session. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.06.012
  • 27. Sánchez, D., Andreu-Nácher, A., Calleja-Anta, D., Llopis, R., and Cabello, R. (2022). Energy impact evaluation of different low-GWP alternatives to replace R134a in a beverage cooler. Experimental analysis and optimization for the pure refrigerants R152a, R1234yf, R290, R1270, R600a and R744. Energy Conversion and Management, 256, 115388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115388
  • 28. Stoecker, W. F. (1998). Industrial refrigeration handbook. McGraw-Hill Education.
  • 29. Stovall, T. K., and Tomlinson, J. J. (1990). Commercial cool storage laboratory test procedure (No. ORNL/TM-11511). Oak Ridge National Lab.(ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States).
  • 30. Thompson, J. F., Mejia, D. C., and Singh, R. P. (2010). Energy use of commercial forced-air coolers for fruit. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 26(5), 919-924. doi: 10.13031/2013.34934
  • 31. Thompson, J. F., Mitchell, F. G., and Rumsay, T. R. (2008). Commercial Cooling Of Fruits, Vegetables, and Flowers (Vol. 21567). UCANR Publications.
  • 32. Waide, P., van der Sluis, S., and Michineau, T. (2014). CLASP Commercial refrigeration equipment: mapping and benchmarking. Waide Strategic Efficiency Ltd.
  • 33. Wang, K., Eisele, M., Hwang, Y., and Radermacher, R. (2010). Review of secondary loop refrigeration systems. International Journal of Refrigeration, 33(2), 212-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2009.09.018
  • 34. Wang, N., Lv, Y., Zhao, D., Zhao, W., Xu, J., and Yang, R. (2022). Performance evaluation of radiative cooling for commercial-scale warehouse. Materials Today Energy, 24, 100927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtener.2021.100927
  • 35. Westphalen, D., Zogg, R. A., Varone, A. F., Foran, M. A., Brodrick, J. R., and DuBois, T. (1996). Energy savings potential for commercial refrigeration equipment. Final Report Prepared for Building Equipment Division Office of Building Technologies.
  • 36. Whitman, B., Johnson, B., Tomczyk, J., and Silberstein, E. (2012). Refrigeration and air conditioning technology. Delmar Cengage Learning. New York, USA.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Bora Devrim 0009-0008-8749-1012

Hakan Tavukçu 0009-0006-6318-2683

Harun Kemal Öztürk 0000-0003-4831-1118

Project Number B21.USS00001
Publication Date September 29, 2023
Submission Date March 29, 2023
Acceptance Date April 18, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 64 Issue: 712

Cite

APA Devrim, B., Tavukçu, H., & Öztürk, H. K. (2023). A Review on Commercial Refrigerator: The Effect of Loading Packages with Different Materials and Shapes on Energy Consumption and Performance. Mühendis Ve Makina, 64(712), 417-452. https://doi.org/10.46399/muhendismakina.1272520
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