Research Article
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The Role of cancer antigen 125 (Ca 125), Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4), Soluble Mezotelin Related Protein (SMRP), Folate Receptor Alpha (FOLRα) in Estimation of Malignancy Risk in Pelvic Masses

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 208 - 216, 30.12.2018

Abstract

An
adnexal mass is a common gynecologic problem and malignancy must be excluded
for any mass that is not clearly benign. Since ovarian cancer is the most
common cause of gynecologic cancer death. The differential diagnosis of benign
and malignant neoplastic masses is important for referring the patient to the
gynecologic oncologist. Use of serum biomarkers for the diagnosis of ovarian
cancer is an active area of investigation. Our research was performed between
September 2014 and January 2017. Between 18 and 90 ages, 95 operated patients
because of pelvic masses are included. Preoperatively CA 125, HE4, SMRP, FOLRα
levels are measured for each patient and relationship between tumor marker
levels and pathological reports is examined. HE4 and SMRP levels are found
higher in malignant masses significantly. But CA 125 and FOLRα levels are not
related with malignancy.
HE4 and
SMRP can be used as a serum biomarker for prediction of ovarian cancer
according to our study. However the data should be supported with more studies.

References

  • Heintz, A., et al., Carcinoma of the ovary. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2006. 95: p. S161-S192.
  • Ferlay, Jacques, et al. "Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012." International journal of cancer 136.5 (2015): E359-E386.
  • Andersen, M.R., et al., Combining a symptoms index with CA 125 to improve detection of ovarian cancer. Cancer, 2008. 113(3): p. 484-489.
  • Wolk, A., et al., Long-term fatty fish consumption and renal cell carcinoma incidence in women. Jama, 2006. 296(11): p. 1371-1376.
  • Wentzensen, Nicolas, et al. "Ovarian cancer risk factors by histologic subtype: an analysis from the ovarian cancer cohort consortium." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34.24 (2016): 2888.)
  • Arvas M, Gezer A “Ailevi Over Kanseri, BRCA Genleri ve Over Kanseri Tarama Programlar” Türk Jinekolojik Onkoloji Dergisi 2004. 7(2) p.
  • Goldstein, S.R., Postmenopausal adnexal cysts: how clinical management has evolved. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1996. 175(6): p. 1498-1501.
  • Carlson, K.J., S.J. Skates, and D.E. Singer, Screening for ovarian cancer. Annals of internal medicine, 1994. 121(2): p. 124-132.
  • Taylor, K. and P.E. Schwartz, Screening for early ovarian cancer. Radiology, 1994. 192(1): p. 1-10.
  • Sankaranarayanan, R. and J. Ferlay, Worldwide burden of gynaecological cancer: the size of the problem. Best practice & research Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology, 2006. 20(2): p. 207-225.
  • Moore, R.G., et al., A novel multiple marker bioassay utilizing HE4 and CA-125 for the prediction of ovarian cancer in patients with a pelvic mass. Gynecologic oncology, 2009. 112(1): p. 40-46.
  • Moore, R.G., et al., Comparison of a novel multiple marker assay vs the Risk of Malignancy Index for the prediction of epithelial ovarian cancer in patients with a pelvic mass. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2010. 203(3): p. 228. e1-228. e6.
  • Van Gorp, T., et al., HE4 and CA-125 as a diagnostic test in ovarian cancer: prospective validation of the Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm. British journal of cancer, 2011. 104(5): p. 863-870.
  • Montagnana, M., et al., The ROMA (Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm) for estimating the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in women presenting with pelvic mass: is it really useful? Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 2011. 49(3): p. 521-525.
  • Kim, Y.M., et al., Evaluation of the accuracy of serum human epididymis protein 4 in combination with CA-125 for detecting ovarian cancer: a prospective case-control study in a Korean population. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, 2011. 49(3): p. 527-534.
  • Paek, J., et al., Prognostic significance of human epididymis protein 4 in epithelial ovarian cancer. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 2011. 158(2): p. 338-342.
  • Rottem, S., et al., Classification of ovarian lesions by high‐frequency transvaginal sonography. Journal of clinical ultrasound, 1990. 18(4): p. 359-363.
  • Piver, M.S., et al. Epidemiology and etiology of ovarian cancer. in Seminars in oncology. 1991.
  • Fortner, Renée T., et al. "Ovarian cancer early detection by circulating CA 125 in the context of anti‐CA 125 autoantibody levels: Results from the EPIC cohort." International journal of cancer 142.7 (2018): 1355-1360.)
  • Ionescu, Crîngu Antoniu, et al. "Correlation of ultrasound features and the Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm score for different histopathological subtypes of benign adnexal masses." Medicine 97.31 (2018): e11762.
  • Parashkevova, Asya, et al. "Preoperative CA-125 Value as a Predictive Factor for Postoperative Outcome in First Relapse of Platinum-sensitive Serous Ovarian Cancer." Anticancer research 38.8 (2018): 4865-4870.
  • 22. Zhang, Lei, Ying Chen, and Ke Wang. "Comparison of CA125, HE4, and ROMA index for ovarian cancer diagnosis." Current Problems in Cancer (2018)
  • O'connell, G.J., et al., Predictive value of CA 125 for ovarian carcinoma in patients presenting with pelvic masses. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 1987. 70(6): p. 930-931.
  • Patsner, B. and W.J. Mann, The value of preoperative serum CA 125 levels in patients with a pelvic mass. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1988. 159(4): p. 873-876.
  • O’Shannessy et al. Serum folate receptor alpha, mesothelin and megakaryocyte potentiating factor in ovarian cancer: association to disease stage and grade and comparison to CA125 and HE4 Journal of Ovarian Research 2013, 6:29 )
  • Lowe, K.A., et al., Effects of personal characteristics on serum CA-125, mesothelin, and HE4 levels in healthy postmenopausal women at high-risk for ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers, 2008. 17(9): p. 2480-2487.
  • Bast, R.C., Status of tumor markers in ovarian cancer screening. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2003. 21(10 suppl): p. 200s-205s.
  • Shah, C.A., et al., Influence of ovarian cancer risk status on the diagnostic performance of the serum biomarkers mesothelin, HE4, and CA-125. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers, 2009. 18(5): p. 1365-1372.
  • Chang, K. and I. Pastan, Molecular cloning of mesothelin, a differentiation antigen present on mesothelium, mesotheliomas, and ovarian cancers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1996. 93(1): p. 136-140.
  • Scholler, N., et al., Development of a CA-125-mesothelin cell adhesion assay as a screening tool for biologics discovery. Cancer letters, 2007. 247(1): p. 130-136.
  • Chang, K., et al., Characterization of the antigen (CAK1) recognized by monoclonal antibody K1 present on ovarian cancers and normal mesothelium. Cancer research, 1992. 52(1): p. 181-186.
  • Blaustein, A., Peritoneal mesothelium and ovarian surface cells--shared characteristics. International journal of gynecological pathology: official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists, 1983. 3(4): p. 361-375.
  • Okamura, H., et al., Structural changes and cell properties of human ovarian surface epithelium in ovarian pathophysiology. Microscopy research and technique, 2006. 69(6): p. 469-481.
  • Dubeau, L., The cell of origin of ovarian epithelial tumours. The lancet oncology, 2008. 9(12): p. 1191-1197.
  • Okamura, H. and H. Katabuchi, Detailed morphology of human ovarian surface epithelium focusing on its metaplastic and neoplastic capability. Italian journal of anatomy and embryology= Archivio italiano di anatomia ed embriologia, 2000. 106(2 Suppl 2): p. 263-276.
  • Kurman, R.J. and I.-M. Shih, Pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Lessons from morphology and molecular biology and their clinical implications. International journal of gynecological pathology: official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists, 2008. 27(2): p. 151.
  • McIntosh, M., et al., Combining CA 125 and SMR serum markers for diagnosis and early detection of ovarian carcinoma. Gynecologic oncology, 2004. 95(1): p. 9-15.
  • Shah CA et.al “Influence of ovarian cancer risk status on the diagnostic performance of the serum biomarkers mesothelin, HE4, and CA125” ) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009 May;18(5):1365-72
  • Fritz-Rdzanek, A., et al., HE4 protein and SMRP: Potential novel biomarkers in ovarian cancer detection. Oncology letters, 2012. 4(3): p. 385-389.
  • Hellström, I., et al., The HE4 (WFDC2) protein is a biomarker for ovarian carcinoma. Cancer research, 2003. 63(13): p. 3695-3700.
  • Moore, R.G., et al., The use of multiple novel tumor biomarkers for the detection of ovarian carcinoma in patients with a pelvic mass. Gynecologic oncology, 2008. 108(2): p. 402-408.
  • Andersen, M.R., et al., Use of a Symptom Index, CA-125, and HE4 to predict ovarian cancer. Gynecologic oncology, 2010. 116(3): p. 378-383.
  • Hekman, Marlène CH, et al. "Improved intraoperative detection of ovarian cancer by folate receptor alpha targeted dual-modality imaging." Molecular pharmaceutics 14.10 (2017): 3457-3463.
  • Basal, E., et al., Functional folate receptor alpha is elevated in the blood of ovarian
  • Kalli, K.R., et al., Folate receptor alpha as a tumor target in epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecologic oncology, 2008. 108(3): p. 619-626.

Pelvik Kitlelerin Malignite Riski Değerlendirilmesinde Kanser Antijeni 125 (Ca 125), Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4), Soluble mesothelin-related protein (SMRP) ve Folat Reseptör Alfa (FOLRα) Ölçümünün Yeri

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 208 - 216, 30.12.2018

Abstract

Adneksiyal
kitle yaygın jinekolojik sorundur ve kitleler için malignite net bir şekilde
dışlanmalıdır. Over kanserleri en mortal jinekolojik kanserlerdir. Benign ve
malign adneksiyal kitlelerin ayırıcı tanısı, hastanın jinekolojik onkologa
yönlendirilmesinde önemlidir. Over kanseri tanısında serum biyomarkerlarının
kullanılması yaygın olarak araştırılmaktadır. Çalışmamız Ekim 2014 – Ocak 2017
tarihleri arasında yapıldı. Pelvik kitlesi olan 18 ve 90 yaşları arasında 95
hasta seçildi. Her hasta için preooperatif CA 125, HE4, SMRP, FOLRα seviyeleri ölçüldü ve patoloji sonuçları ile kan
sonuçları arasındaki ilişki incelendi.
HE4
ve SMRP malign kitlelerde önemli ölçüde yüksek bulundu. Fakat Ca 125 ve FOLRα
seviyeleri malingnitede anlamsız saptandı. Çalışmamıza göre; HE4 ve SMRP over
kanserini ön görmede kullanılabilir. Fakat daha fazla çalışmalar ile
desteklenmelidir.

References

  • Heintz, A., et al., Carcinoma of the ovary. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2006. 95: p. S161-S192.
  • Ferlay, Jacques, et al. "Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012." International journal of cancer 136.5 (2015): E359-E386.
  • Andersen, M.R., et al., Combining a symptoms index with CA 125 to improve detection of ovarian cancer. Cancer, 2008. 113(3): p. 484-489.
  • Wolk, A., et al., Long-term fatty fish consumption and renal cell carcinoma incidence in women. Jama, 2006. 296(11): p. 1371-1376.
  • Wentzensen, Nicolas, et al. "Ovarian cancer risk factors by histologic subtype: an analysis from the ovarian cancer cohort consortium." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34.24 (2016): 2888.)
  • Arvas M, Gezer A “Ailevi Over Kanseri, BRCA Genleri ve Over Kanseri Tarama Programlar” Türk Jinekolojik Onkoloji Dergisi 2004. 7(2) p.
  • Goldstein, S.R., Postmenopausal adnexal cysts: how clinical management has evolved. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1996. 175(6): p. 1498-1501.
  • Carlson, K.J., S.J. Skates, and D.E. Singer, Screening for ovarian cancer. Annals of internal medicine, 1994. 121(2): p. 124-132.
  • Taylor, K. and P.E. Schwartz, Screening for early ovarian cancer. Radiology, 1994. 192(1): p. 1-10.
  • Sankaranarayanan, R. and J. Ferlay, Worldwide burden of gynaecological cancer: the size of the problem. Best practice & research Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology, 2006. 20(2): p. 207-225.
  • Moore, R.G., et al., A novel multiple marker bioassay utilizing HE4 and CA-125 for the prediction of ovarian cancer in patients with a pelvic mass. Gynecologic oncology, 2009. 112(1): p. 40-46.
  • Moore, R.G., et al., Comparison of a novel multiple marker assay vs the Risk of Malignancy Index for the prediction of epithelial ovarian cancer in patients with a pelvic mass. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2010. 203(3): p. 228. e1-228. e6.
  • Van Gorp, T., et al., HE4 and CA-125 as a diagnostic test in ovarian cancer: prospective validation of the Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm. British journal of cancer, 2011. 104(5): p. 863-870.
  • Montagnana, M., et al., The ROMA (Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm) for estimating the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in women presenting with pelvic mass: is it really useful? Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 2011. 49(3): p. 521-525.
  • Kim, Y.M., et al., Evaluation of the accuracy of serum human epididymis protein 4 in combination with CA-125 for detecting ovarian cancer: a prospective case-control study in a Korean population. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, 2011. 49(3): p. 527-534.
  • Paek, J., et al., Prognostic significance of human epididymis protein 4 in epithelial ovarian cancer. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 2011. 158(2): p. 338-342.
  • Rottem, S., et al., Classification of ovarian lesions by high‐frequency transvaginal sonography. Journal of clinical ultrasound, 1990. 18(4): p. 359-363.
  • Piver, M.S., et al. Epidemiology and etiology of ovarian cancer. in Seminars in oncology. 1991.
  • Fortner, Renée T., et al. "Ovarian cancer early detection by circulating CA 125 in the context of anti‐CA 125 autoantibody levels: Results from the EPIC cohort." International journal of cancer 142.7 (2018): 1355-1360.)
  • Ionescu, Crîngu Antoniu, et al. "Correlation of ultrasound features and the Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm score for different histopathological subtypes of benign adnexal masses." Medicine 97.31 (2018): e11762.
  • Parashkevova, Asya, et al. "Preoperative CA-125 Value as a Predictive Factor for Postoperative Outcome in First Relapse of Platinum-sensitive Serous Ovarian Cancer." Anticancer research 38.8 (2018): 4865-4870.
  • 22. Zhang, Lei, Ying Chen, and Ke Wang. "Comparison of CA125, HE4, and ROMA index for ovarian cancer diagnosis." Current Problems in Cancer (2018)
  • O'connell, G.J., et al., Predictive value of CA 125 for ovarian carcinoma in patients presenting with pelvic masses. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 1987. 70(6): p. 930-931.
  • Patsner, B. and W.J. Mann, The value of preoperative serum CA 125 levels in patients with a pelvic mass. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1988. 159(4): p. 873-876.
  • O’Shannessy et al. Serum folate receptor alpha, mesothelin and megakaryocyte potentiating factor in ovarian cancer: association to disease stage and grade and comparison to CA125 and HE4 Journal of Ovarian Research 2013, 6:29 )
  • Lowe, K.A., et al., Effects of personal characteristics on serum CA-125, mesothelin, and HE4 levels in healthy postmenopausal women at high-risk for ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers, 2008. 17(9): p. 2480-2487.
  • Bast, R.C., Status of tumor markers in ovarian cancer screening. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2003. 21(10 suppl): p. 200s-205s.
  • Shah, C.A., et al., Influence of ovarian cancer risk status on the diagnostic performance of the serum biomarkers mesothelin, HE4, and CA-125. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers, 2009. 18(5): p. 1365-1372.
  • Chang, K. and I. Pastan, Molecular cloning of mesothelin, a differentiation antigen present on mesothelium, mesotheliomas, and ovarian cancers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1996. 93(1): p. 136-140.
  • Scholler, N., et al., Development of a CA-125-mesothelin cell adhesion assay as a screening tool for biologics discovery. Cancer letters, 2007. 247(1): p. 130-136.
  • Chang, K., et al., Characterization of the antigen (CAK1) recognized by monoclonal antibody K1 present on ovarian cancers and normal mesothelium. Cancer research, 1992. 52(1): p. 181-186.
  • Blaustein, A., Peritoneal mesothelium and ovarian surface cells--shared characteristics. International journal of gynecological pathology: official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists, 1983. 3(4): p. 361-375.
  • Okamura, H., et al., Structural changes and cell properties of human ovarian surface epithelium in ovarian pathophysiology. Microscopy research and technique, 2006. 69(6): p. 469-481.
  • Dubeau, L., The cell of origin of ovarian epithelial tumours. The lancet oncology, 2008. 9(12): p. 1191-1197.
  • Okamura, H. and H. Katabuchi, Detailed morphology of human ovarian surface epithelium focusing on its metaplastic and neoplastic capability. Italian journal of anatomy and embryology= Archivio italiano di anatomia ed embriologia, 2000. 106(2 Suppl 2): p. 263-276.
  • Kurman, R.J. and I.-M. Shih, Pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Lessons from morphology and molecular biology and their clinical implications. International journal of gynecological pathology: official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists, 2008. 27(2): p. 151.
  • McIntosh, M., et al., Combining CA 125 and SMR serum markers for diagnosis and early detection of ovarian carcinoma. Gynecologic oncology, 2004. 95(1): p. 9-15.
  • Shah CA et.al “Influence of ovarian cancer risk status on the diagnostic performance of the serum biomarkers mesothelin, HE4, and CA125” ) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009 May;18(5):1365-72
  • Fritz-Rdzanek, A., et al., HE4 protein and SMRP: Potential novel biomarkers in ovarian cancer detection. Oncology letters, 2012. 4(3): p. 385-389.
  • Hellström, I., et al., The HE4 (WFDC2) protein is a biomarker for ovarian carcinoma. Cancer research, 2003. 63(13): p. 3695-3700.
  • Moore, R.G., et al., The use of multiple novel tumor biomarkers for the detection of ovarian carcinoma in patients with a pelvic mass. Gynecologic oncology, 2008. 108(2): p. 402-408.
  • Andersen, M.R., et al., Use of a Symptom Index, CA-125, and HE4 to predict ovarian cancer. Gynecologic oncology, 2010. 116(3): p. 378-383.
  • Hekman, Marlène CH, et al. "Improved intraoperative detection of ovarian cancer by folate receptor alpha targeted dual-modality imaging." Molecular pharmaceutics 14.10 (2017): 3457-3463.
  • Basal, E., et al., Functional folate receptor alpha is elevated in the blood of ovarian
  • Kalli, K.R., et al., Folate receptor alpha as a tumor target in epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecologic oncology, 2008. 108(3): p. 619-626.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Rabia Başer Açıkgöz 0000-0002-2042-0307

Müge Harma

Publication Date December 30, 2018
Acceptance Date December 30, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 2 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Başer Açıkgöz R, Harma M. Pelvik Kitlelerin Malignite Riski Değerlendirilmesinde Kanser Antijeni 125 (Ca 125), Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4), Soluble mesothelin-related protein (SMRP) ve Folat Reseptör Alfa (FOLRα) Ölçümünün Yeri. Med J West Black Sea. 2018;2(3):208-16.

Medical Journal of Western Black Sea is a scientific publication of Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine.

This is a refereed journal, which aims at achieving free knowledge to the national and international organizations and individuals related to medical sciences in publishedand electronic forms.

This journal is published three annually in April, August and December.
The publication language of the journal is Turkish and English.