Research Article
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Techniques Used in 3D Modeling of Small Objects

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 8 - 16, 30.06.2023

Zekeriya Kaçarlar

https://doi.org/10.51946/melid.1297881

Abstract

3D digitization of cultural heritage artifacts is very important for historic preservation purposes. Doing so can help prevent damage from tourism, such as natural disasters and war. It also provides access to three-dimensional data for researchers from all disciplines around the world to examine these artifacts. These researchers can simultaneously examine the same object without exposing fragile original artifacts to the potential for harm. In addition, future users can benefit from an online database of archaeological artifacts for educational and review purposes. Apart from that, the resulting 3D images can also be used for entertainment purposes such as video game development, 3D animations and virtual reality. 3D modeling of small objects from cultural heritage artifacts includes different requirements and methods compared to other artifacts. In this article, the modeling methods of small objects are examined and inferences are made about the results.

Keywords

Terrestrial photogrammetry small object modeling terrestrial laser scanning handheld mobil laser scanner

References

  • Akın, E. S. & Erdoğan, A. (2022). İnsansız Hava Araçları (İHA) ile Arkeolojik Alanlarda Belgeleme: Sarıkaya Roma Hamamı (Therma Basilica) Örneği. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(3), 335-343. DOI: 10.19113/sdufenbed.1038407
  • Alptekin, A., & Yakar, M. (2020). Kaya bloklarının 3B nokta bulutunun yersel lazer tarayıcı kullanarak elde edilmesi. Türkiye LİDAR Dergisi, 2(1), 1-4.
  • Alptekin, A., & Yakar, M. (2021). Lazer Tarayıcının Jeolojik Olayların Modellenmesinde Kullanımı. Türkiye Lidar Dergisi, 3(2), 71-75.
  • Alvarez, M. (2021). Design of a cost-effective photogrammetric 3D-imaging system for small archaeological artifacts: Optimized for the depth of field. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Delft University of Technology, Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft, 2-11.
  • Balcı, D. (2022). Kültürel Mirasın Belgelenmesinde Lazer Tarayıcıların Kullanılması. Türkiye Lidar Dergisi, 4(1), 27-36.
  • Batur, M. (2019). Characterizing Deformation of Istanbul Wall by Geodetic Terrestrial Laser Scanner. Yüksek lisans tezi, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, Kandilli Rasathanesi ve Deprem Araştırma Enstitüsü, Jeodezi Ana Bilim Dalı, İstanbul, 13-26.
  • Boehler, W,. & Marbs, A. (2004). 3D scanning and photogrammetry for heritage recording: a comparison. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Gävle, Sweden, 291-298.
  • Boehler, W., Vicent, M. B., & Marbs, A. (2003). Investigating laser scanner accuracy. The international archives of photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences, 34(Part 5), 696-701.
  • Bucchi, A., Luengo, J., Fuentes, R., Arellano-Villalón, M., & Lorenzo, C. (2020). Recommendations for Improving Photo Quality in Close Range Photogrammetry, Exemplified in Hand Bones of Chimpanzees and Gorillas. International Journal of Morphology, 38(2).
  • El-Hakim, S. F., Beraldin, J. A., Picard, M., & Vettore, A. (2003, October). Effective 3d modeling of heritage sites. In Fourth International Conference on 3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling, 2003. 3DIM 2003. Proceedings. (pp. 302-309). IEEE.
  • Erdoğan, A., & Mutluoglu, O. (2020). İnsansız Hava Araçları ile Harita Üretim Çalışmalarında Farklı Yüksekliklerde Yapılan Uçuşların Konum Doğruluğuna Etkisi. Türkiye İnsansız Hava Araçları Dergisi, 2(1), 28-35.
  • Huber, D., Akinci, B., Tang, P., Adan, A., Okor, B., & Xiong, X. (2010). Using laser scanners for modeling and analysis in architecture, engineering, and construction. In 44th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS), Princeton, USA, 1-6.
  • James, M. R., & Quinton, J. N. (2014). Ultra‐rapid topographic surveying for complex environments: the hand‐held mobile laser scanner (HMLS). Earth surface processes and landforms, 39(1), 138-142.
  • Jiang, R., Jáuregui, D. V., & White, K. R. (2008). Close-range photogrammetry applications in bridge measurement: Literature review. Measurement, 41(8), 823-834.
  • Kaneda, A., Nakagawa, T., Tamura, K., Noshita, K., & Nakao, H. (2022). A proposal of a new automated method for SfM/MVS 3D reconstruction through comparisons of 3D data by SfM/MVS and handheld laser scanners. PloS one, 17(7), e0270660.
  • Kanun, E., Metin, A., & Yakar, M. (2021). Yersel Lazer Tarama Tekniği Kullanarak Ağzıkara Han’ın 3 Boyutlu Nokta Bulutunun Elde Edilmesi. Türkiye Lidar Dergisi, 3(2), 58-64.
  • Karabacak, A., & Yakar, M. (2022). Giyilebilir Mobil LİDAR Kullanım Alanları ve Cambazlı Kilisesinin 3B Modellemesi. Türkiye Lidar Dergisi, 4(2), 37-52.
  • Karabacak, A., & Yakar, M. (2023). 3D modeling of Mersin Akyar Cliffs with wearable mobile LIDAR. Advanced Engineering Days (AED), 6, 86-89.
  • Karataş, L., Alptekin, A., & Yakar, M. (2022a). Creating Architectural Surveys of Traditional Buildings with the Help of Terrestrial Laser Scanning Method (TLS) and Orthophotos: Historical Diyarbakır Sur Mansion. Advanced LiDAR, 2(2), 54-63.
  • Karataş, L., Alptekin, A., & Yakar, M. (2022b). Determination of Stone Material Deteriorations on the Facades with the Combination of Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Photogrammetric Methods: Case Study of Historical Burdur Station Premises. Advanced Geomatics, 2(2), 65-72.
  • Kersten, T. P., Lindstaedt, M., & Vogt, B. (2009). Preserve the past for the future–Terrestrial laser scanning for the documentation and deformation analysis of Easter Island’s Moai. PFG-Photogrammetrie-Fernerkundung-Geoinformation (1), 79-90.
  • Lauria, G., Sineo, L., & Ficarra, S. (2022). A detailed method for creating digital 3D models of human crania: an example of close-range photogrammetry based on the use of structure-from-motion (SfM) in virtual anthropology. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 14(3), 42.
  • Lichti, D., Pfeifer, N., & Maas, H. G. (2008). ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing theme issue “Terrestrial Laser Scanning”. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 1(63), 1-3.
  • Mikhail, E. M., Bethel, J. S., & McGlone, J. C. (2001). Introduction to modern photogrammetry. John Wiley & Sons. İndia, 1, ISBN: 9788126539987, 5.
  • Pejić, M., Ogrizović, V., Božić, B., Milovanović, B., & Marošan, S. (2014). A simplified procedure of metrological testing of the terrestrial laser scanners. Measurement, 53, 260-269.
  • Persson E (2020). Fotogrammetri i en jämförelse med strukturerat ljus 3D-skanning. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå, 4-5.
  • Porter, S. T., Roussel, M., & Soressi, M. (2016). A simple photogrammetry rig for the reliable creation of 3D artifact models in the field: lithic examples from the Early Upper Paleolithic sequence of Les Cottés (France). Advances in Archaeological Practice, 4(1), 71-86.
  • Pulat, F., Yakar, M., & Ulvi, A. (2022). Comparison of photogrammetric software using the terrestrial photogrammetric method: The case of Hüsrev Paşa Mosque. Intercontinental Geoinformation Days, 4, 192-195.
  • Rodríguez-Martín, M., & Rodríguez-Gonzálvez, P. (2020). Suitability of automatic photogrammetric reconstruction configurations for small archaeological remains. Sensors, 20(10), 2936.
  • Sayar, R. (2022). Kültürel miras koruma çalışmalarında yersel lazer tarama (TLS) ve insansız hava araçları (UAVs) verilerinin kullanımı. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Konya Teknik Üniversitesi, Konya, Türkiye.
  • Şenol, H. İ., Yiğit, A. Y., Kaya, Y., & Ulvi, A. (2021). İHA ve yersel fotogrametrik veri füzyonu ile kültürel mirasın 3 boyutlu (3B) modelleme uygulaması: Kanlıdivane Örneği. Türkiye Fotogrametri Dergisi, 3(1), 29-36.
  • Ulvi, A., Yakar, M., Toprak, A. S., & Mutluoglu, O. (2014). Laser scanning and photogrammetric evaluation of Uzuncaburç Monumental Entrance. International Journal of Applied Mathematics Electronics and Computers, 3(1), 32-36.
  • Ulvi, A., Yakar, M., Yiğit, A. Y., & Kaya, Y. (2020). İHA ve yersel fotogrametrik teknikler kullanarak Aksaray Kızıl Kilise’nin 3 Boyutlu nokta bulutu ve modelinin üretilmesi. Geomatik Dergisi, 5(1), 22-30.
  • Vosselman, G., & Maas, H. G. (2010). Airborne and terrestrial laser scanning. CRC press, 1, ISBN:1439827982.
  • Waggot, S. M., Clegg, P., Jones, R. R. (2005). Combining Terrestrial Laser Scanning, RTK GPS and 3D Visualisation: Application of Optical 3D Measurement in Geological Exploration. 7th Conference on Optical 3-D Measurement Techniques: Applications in GIS, Mapping, Manufacturing, Quality Control, Robotics, Navigation, Mobile Mapping, Medical Imaging, VR Generation and Animation. Vienna, Austria, October 3-5.
  • Yakar, M., Ulvi, A., & Toprak, A. S. (2015). The Problems and Solution Offers, Faced During The 3d Modeling Process Of Sekiliyurt Underground Shelters With Terrestrial Laser Scanning Method. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 2(2), 39-45.
  • Yakar, M., Ulvi, A., & Toprak, A. S. (2016). The Use of Laser Scanner in Caves, Encountered Problems and Solution Suggestion. Universal Journal of Geoscience, 4(4), 81-88.
  • Yakar, M., Yılmaz, H. M., & Mutluoğlu, Ö. (2008). Lazer tarama teknolojisi ve fotogrametrik yöntem ile hacim hesabı.
  • Yılmaz, H. M., & Yakar, M. (2006a). Lidar (Light Detection And Ranging) Tarama Sistemi. Yapı Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 2(2), 23-33.
  • Yılmaz, H. M., & Yakar, M. (2006b). Yersel lazer tarama Teknolojisi. Yapı teknolojileri Elektronik dergisi, 2(2), 43-48.
  • Yilmaz H.M., Yakar M., Yildiz F., Karabork H., Kavurmaci M.M., Mutluoglu O., & Goktepe A. (2010). Determining rates of erosion of an earth pillar by terrestrial laser scanning. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 35(2A), 163–172 (2010)
  • Zagorchev, L., & Goshtasby, A. (2006). A Comparative Study of Transformation Functions for Nonrigid Image Registration. IEEE Transactions On Image Processing, 15(3), 529-538.
  • Zeybek, M. (2019). El-tipi LiDAR ölçme sistemleri ve 3B veri işleme. Türkiye Lidar Dergisi, 1(1), 10-15.
  • Zeybek, M., & Biçici, S. (2021). 3D Dense Reconstruction of Road Surface from UAV Images and Comparison of SfM Based Software Performance. Turkish Journal of Remote Sensing and GIS, 2(2), 96-105.

Küçük Objelerin Üç Boyutlu (3B) Modellenmesinde Kullanılan Teknikler

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 8 - 16, 30.06.2023

Zekeriya Kaçarlar

https://doi.org/10.51946/melid.1297881

Abstract

Kültürel miras eserlerinin 3B sayısallaştırılması, tarihi koruma amaçları için oldukça önemlidir. Bunu yapmak, turizmden kaynaklanan zararlar, doğal afetler ve savaş gibi olaylara karşı önlemeye yardımcı olabilir. Ayrıca, dünyanın dört bir yanındaki tüm disiplinlerden araştırmacıların bu eserleri incelemesi için üç boyutlu verilere erişim sağlar. Bu araştırmacılar, kırılgan orijinal eserleri onlara zarar verme potansiyeline maruz bırakmadan aynı objeyi eş zamanlı olarak inceleyebilirler. Ayrıca, gelecekteki kullanıcılar açısından, eğitim ve inceleme amaçlı çevrimiçi bir arkeolojik eserler veri tabanından yararlanabilir. Bunun dışında, ortaya çıkan 3b görüntüler video oyunu geliştirme, 3b animasyonlar ve sanal gerçeklik gibi eğlence amaçlı olarak da kullanılabilir. Kültürel miras eserlerinden küçük objelerin 3b modellenmesi diğer eserlere göre farklı gereksinimler ve yöntemler içermektedir. Bu makalede küçük objelerin modellenme yöntemleri incelenmiş ve sonuçlar hakkında çıkarımlarda bulunulmuştur.

Keywords

Yersel fotogrametri küçük obje modellemesi yersel lazer tarama el tipi lazer tarama

References

  • Akın, E. S. & Erdoğan, A. (2022). İnsansız Hava Araçları (İHA) ile Arkeolojik Alanlarda Belgeleme: Sarıkaya Roma Hamamı (Therma Basilica) Örneği. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(3), 335-343. DOI: 10.19113/sdufenbed.1038407
  • Alptekin, A., & Yakar, M. (2020). Kaya bloklarının 3B nokta bulutunun yersel lazer tarayıcı kullanarak elde edilmesi. Türkiye LİDAR Dergisi, 2(1), 1-4.
  • Alptekin, A., & Yakar, M. (2021). Lazer Tarayıcının Jeolojik Olayların Modellenmesinde Kullanımı. Türkiye Lidar Dergisi, 3(2), 71-75.
  • Alvarez, M. (2021). Design of a cost-effective photogrammetric 3D-imaging system for small archaeological artifacts: Optimized for the depth of field. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Delft University of Technology, Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft, 2-11.
  • Balcı, D. (2022). Kültürel Mirasın Belgelenmesinde Lazer Tarayıcıların Kullanılması. Türkiye Lidar Dergisi, 4(1), 27-36.
  • Batur, M. (2019). Characterizing Deformation of Istanbul Wall by Geodetic Terrestrial Laser Scanner. Yüksek lisans tezi, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, Kandilli Rasathanesi ve Deprem Araştırma Enstitüsü, Jeodezi Ana Bilim Dalı, İstanbul, 13-26.
  • Boehler, W,. & Marbs, A. (2004). 3D scanning and photogrammetry for heritage recording: a comparison. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Gävle, Sweden, 291-298.
  • Boehler, W., Vicent, M. B., & Marbs, A. (2003). Investigating laser scanner accuracy. The international archives of photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences, 34(Part 5), 696-701.
  • Bucchi, A., Luengo, J., Fuentes, R., Arellano-Villalón, M., & Lorenzo, C. (2020). Recommendations for Improving Photo Quality in Close Range Photogrammetry, Exemplified in Hand Bones of Chimpanzees and Gorillas. International Journal of Morphology, 38(2).
  • El-Hakim, S. F., Beraldin, J. A., Picard, M., & Vettore, A. (2003, October). Effective 3d modeling of heritage sites. In Fourth International Conference on 3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling, 2003. 3DIM 2003. Proceedings. (pp. 302-309). IEEE.
  • Erdoğan, A., & Mutluoglu, O. (2020). İnsansız Hava Araçları ile Harita Üretim Çalışmalarında Farklı Yüksekliklerde Yapılan Uçuşların Konum Doğruluğuna Etkisi. Türkiye İnsansız Hava Araçları Dergisi, 2(1), 28-35.
  • Huber, D., Akinci, B., Tang, P., Adan, A., Okor, B., & Xiong, X. (2010). Using laser scanners for modeling and analysis in architecture, engineering, and construction. In 44th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS), Princeton, USA, 1-6.
  • James, M. R., & Quinton, J. N. (2014). Ultra‐rapid topographic surveying for complex environments: the hand‐held mobile laser scanner (HMLS). Earth surface processes and landforms, 39(1), 138-142.
  • Jiang, R., Jáuregui, D. V., & White, K. R. (2008). Close-range photogrammetry applications in bridge measurement: Literature review. Measurement, 41(8), 823-834.
  • Kaneda, A., Nakagawa, T., Tamura, K., Noshita, K., & Nakao, H. (2022). A proposal of a new automated method for SfM/MVS 3D reconstruction through comparisons of 3D data by SfM/MVS and handheld laser scanners. PloS one, 17(7), e0270660.
  • Kanun, E., Metin, A., & Yakar, M. (2021). Yersel Lazer Tarama Tekniği Kullanarak Ağzıkara Han’ın 3 Boyutlu Nokta Bulutunun Elde Edilmesi. Türkiye Lidar Dergisi, 3(2), 58-64.
  • Karabacak, A., & Yakar, M. (2022). Giyilebilir Mobil LİDAR Kullanım Alanları ve Cambazlı Kilisesinin 3B Modellemesi. Türkiye Lidar Dergisi, 4(2), 37-52.
  • Karabacak, A., & Yakar, M. (2023). 3D modeling of Mersin Akyar Cliffs with wearable mobile LIDAR. Advanced Engineering Days (AED), 6, 86-89.
  • Karataş, L., Alptekin, A., & Yakar, M. (2022a). Creating Architectural Surveys of Traditional Buildings with the Help of Terrestrial Laser Scanning Method (TLS) and Orthophotos: Historical Diyarbakır Sur Mansion. Advanced LiDAR, 2(2), 54-63.
  • Karataş, L., Alptekin, A., & Yakar, M. (2022b). Determination of Stone Material Deteriorations on the Facades with the Combination of Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Photogrammetric Methods: Case Study of Historical Burdur Station Premises. Advanced Geomatics, 2(2), 65-72.
  • Kersten, T. P., Lindstaedt, M., & Vogt, B. (2009). Preserve the past for the future–Terrestrial laser scanning for the documentation and deformation analysis of Easter Island’s Moai. PFG-Photogrammetrie-Fernerkundung-Geoinformation (1), 79-90.
  • Lauria, G., Sineo, L., & Ficarra, S. (2022). A detailed method for creating digital 3D models of human crania: an example of close-range photogrammetry based on the use of structure-from-motion (SfM) in virtual anthropology. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 14(3), 42.
  • Lichti, D., Pfeifer, N., & Maas, H. G. (2008). ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing theme issue “Terrestrial Laser Scanning”. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 1(63), 1-3.
  • Mikhail, E. M., Bethel, J. S., & McGlone, J. C. (2001). Introduction to modern photogrammetry. John Wiley & Sons. İndia, 1, ISBN: 9788126539987, 5.
  • Pejić, M., Ogrizović, V., Božić, B., Milovanović, B., & Marošan, S. (2014). A simplified procedure of metrological testing of the terrestrial laser scanners. Measurement, 53, 260-269.
  • Persson E (2020). Fotogrammetri i en jämförelse med strukturerat ljus 3D-skanning. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå, 4-5.
  • Porter, S. T., Roussel, M., & Soressi, M. (2016). A simple photogrammetry rig for the reliable creation of 3D artifact models in the field: lithic examples from the Early Upper Paleolithic sequence of Les Cottés (France). Advances in Archaeological Practice, 4(1), 71-86.
  • Pulat, F., Yakar, M., & Ulvi, A. (2022). Comparison of photogrammetric software using the terrestrial photogrammetric method: The case of Hüsrev Paşa Mosque. Intercontinental Geoinformation Days, 4, 192-195.
  • Rodríguez-Martín, M., & Rodríguez-Gonzálvez, P. (2020). Suitability of automatic photogrammetric reconstruction configurations for small archaeological remains. Sensors, 20(10), 2936.
  • Sayar, R. (2022). Kültürel miras koruma çalışmalarında yersel lazer tarama (TLS) ve insansız hava araçları (UAVs) verilerinin kullanımı. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Konya Teknik Üniversitesi, Konya, Türkiye.
  • Şenol, H. İ., Yiğit, A. Y., Kaya, Y., & Ulvi, A. (2021). İHA ve yersel fotogrametrik veri füzyonu ile kültürel mirasın 3 boyutlu (3B) modelleme uygulaması: Kanlıdivane Örneği. Türkiye Fotogrametri Dergisi, 3(1), 29-36.
  • Ulvi, A., Yakar, M., Toprak, A. S., & Mutluoglu, O. (2014). Laser scanning and photogrammetric evaluation of Uzuncaburç Monumental Entrance. International Journal of Applied Mathematics Electronics and Computers, 3(1), 32-36.
  • Ulvi, A., Yakar, M., Yiğit, A. Y., & Kaya, Y. (2020). İHA ve yersel fotogrametrik teknikler kullanarak Aksaray Kızıl Kilise’nin 3 Boyutlu nokta bulutu ve modelinin üretilmesi. Geomatik Dergisi, 5(1), 22-30.
  • Vosselman, G., & Maas, H. G. (2010). Airborne and terrestrial laser scanning. CRC press, 1, ISBN:1439827982.
  • Waggot, S. M., Clegg, P., Jones, R. R. (2005). Combining Terrestrial Laser Scanning, RTK GPS and 3D Visualisation: Application of Optical 3D Measurement in Geological Exploration. 7th Conference on Optical 3-D Measurement Techniques: Applications in GIS, Mapping, Manufacturing, Quality Control, Robotics, Navigation, Mobile Mapping, Medical Imaging, VR Generation and Animation. Vienna, Austria, October 3-5.
  • Yakar, M., Ulvi, A., & Toprak, A. S. (2015). The Problems and Solution Offers, Faced During The 3d Modeling Process Of Sekiliyurt Underground Shelters With Terrestrial Laser Scanning Method. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 2(2), 39-45.
  • Yakar, M., Ulvi, A., & Toprak, A. S. (2016). The Use of Laser Scanner in Caves, Encountered Problems and Solution Suggestion. Universal Journal of Geoscience, 4(4), 81-88.
  • Yakar, M., Yılmaz, H. M., & Mutluoğlu, Ö. (2008). Lazer tarama teknolojisi ve fotogrametrik yöntem ile hacim hesabı.
  • Yılmaz, H. M., & Yakar, M. (2006a). Lidar (Light Detection And Ranging) Tarama Sistemi. Yapı Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 2(2), 23-33.
  • Yılmaz, H. M., & Yakar, M. (2006b). Yersel lazer tarama Teknolojisi. Yapı teknolojileri Elektronik dergisi, 2(2), 43-48.
  • Yilmaz H.M., Yakar M., Yildiz F., Karabork H., Kavurmaci M.M., Mutluoglu O., & Goktepe A. (2010). Determining rates of erosion of an earth pillar by terrestrial laser scanning. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 35(2A), 163–172 (2010)
  • Zagorchev, L., & Goshtasby, A. (2006). A Comparative Study of Transformation Functions for Nonrigid Image Registration. IEEE Transactions On Image Processing, 15(3), 529-538.
  • Zeybek, M. (2019). El-tipi LiDAR ölçme sistemleri ve 3B veri işleme. Türkiye Lidar Dergisi, 1(1), 10-15.
  • Zeybek, M., & Biçici, S. (2021). 3D Dense Reconstruction of Road Surface from UAV Images and Comparison of SfM Based Software Performance. Turkish Journal of Remote Sensing and GIS, 2(2), 96-105.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering, Digital Electronic Devices, Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Zekeriya Kaçarlar 0000-0003-0232-9574

Early Pub Date June 22, 2023
Publication Date June 30, 2023
Submission Date May 16, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kaçarlar, Z. (2023). Küçük Objelerin Üç Boyutlu (3B) Modellenmesinde Kullanılan Teknikler. Türkiye Lidar Dergisi, 5(1), 8-16. https://doi.org/10.51946/melid.1297881
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