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The effects of humate and yeast cell wall extract supplementation on the performance, gut microflora and blood parameters of japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Year 2018, Volume: 31 Issue: 2, 181 - 187, 01.08.2018
https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.356460

Abstract

This study was aimed to determine the effects of humate and yeast cell wall extract supplementation on performance, intestinal microflora and blood parameters of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) from a day old to 42 days of age. Two hundred mixed sex Japanese quail chicks were divided into four treatment groups each consisting of 50 chicks. Dietary treatments were respectively: basal diet (as a control), basal diet+humate 2 g kg-1, basal diet+2 g yeast cell wall extract kg-1 and basal diet+2 g humate kg-1+2 g yeast cell wall extract kg-1. The humate and yeast cell wall extract alone or their combination had no significantly effect (P>0.05) on live weight, feed consumption, feed conversion and mortality at 0-21, 22-42 and 0-42 days of age. Caecal microflora, carcass and some blood parameters were determined at 42 days of age. Humate and yeast cell wall extract alone or a humate-yeast cell wall extract combination did not affect (P>0.05) the carcass yield and some relative organ weights such as liver, heart and gizzard. Treatments had no effect (P>0.05) on caecal population of Coliform, Lactobacillus and E. coli bacteria. However, humate and humat+yeast cell wall extract supplementation reduced (P<0.05) serum total cholesterol concentration while yeast cell wall extract supplementation tended to reduce. There were no differences (P>0.05) on serum triglyceride, alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin, total protein concentrations among the groups. The role of these additives on performance and gut microflora need further research.




References

  • Abdel-Mageed MAA (2012) Effect of dietary humic substances supplementation on performance and immunity of japanese quail. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal 32: 645-660.
  • Aksu T, Bozkurt AS (2009) Effect of dietary essential oils and/or humic acids on broiler performance, microbial population of intestinal content and antibody titres in the summer season. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 15: 185-190.
  • Akyıldız AR (1984) Yemler Bilgisi Laboratuvar Kılavuzu. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları s. 286 Ankara. Al-Saad S, Abbod MA, Abuo Younes A (2015) Effect of some growth promoters on the cecal microflora of broiler chickens. International Journal of PharmTech Research 8: 48-54.
  • Attia Y, Ellakany H, El-Hamid AA, Bovera F, Ghazaly S (2012) Control of Salmonella enteritidis infection in male layer chickens by acetic acid and/or prebiotics, probiotics and antibiotics. Archive für Geflügelkunde 76: 239-245.
  • Brown L, Rosner B, Willett WW, Sacks FM (1999) Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary fiber: a meta-analysis. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 69: 30-42.
  • Chen J, Huang XF (2009) The effects of diets enriched in beta-glucans on blood lipoprotein concentrations. Journal of Clinical Lipidology 3: 154-158.
  • Çördük M, Ceylan N, Dede N, Tel OY (2008) Effects of novel feed additives on performance, carcass traits and E. coli, aerobic bacteria and yeast counts in broilers. Archiv für Geflugelkunde 72: 61-67. Duncan DB (1955) Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11: 1-42.
  • El-Sheikh AMH, Abdalla EA, Hanafy MM (2009) Study on productive performance, hematological and immunological parameters in local strain of chicken as affected by mannan oligosaccharide under hot climate. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal 29: 287-305.
  • Eren M, Deniz G, Gezen ŞŞ, Türkmen İİ (2000) Broyler yemlerine katılan humatların besi performansı, serum mineral konsantrasyonu ve kemik külü üzerine etkileri. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 47: 255-263.
  • Gallaher CM, Munion J, Hesslink R, Wise J, Gallaher DD (2000) Cholesterol reduction by glucomannan and chitosan is mediated by changes in cholesterol absorption and bile acid and fat excretion in rats. Journal of Nutrition 130: 2753-2759.
  • Ghahri H, Habibian R, Fam MA (2010) Evaluation of the efficacy of esterified glucomannan, sodium bentonite, and humic acid to ameliorate the toxic effects of aflatoxin in broilers. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 34: 385-391.
  • Hayes MHB, MacCarthy P, Malcolm RL, Swift RS (1989) Humic substances II: in search of structure. Wiley-Interscience pp. 764 New York.
  • Helal MS, Youssef FM, Moursi MK, Khalil WF, Abdel-Daim MM (2015) Effectiveness of prebiotic as an alternative to the antimicrobial growth promoter on growth performance, blood constituents, intestinal healthiness and immunity of broilers. Alexandria Journal for Veterinary Sciences 45: 13-25.
  • Hooge DM (2004) Meta-analysis of broiler chicken pen trials evaluating dietary mannan oligosaccharide, 1993-2003. International Journal of Poultry Science 3: 163-174.
  • Jacobs CM, Parsons CM (2009) The effect of Grobiotic-P combined with yeast cell wall and gluconic acid on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities, and caecal microbial populations in young chicks. Poultry Science 88: 2360-2367.
  • Jahanian R, Ashnagar M (2015) Effect of dietary supplementation of mannan-oligosaccharides on performance, blood metabolites, ileal nutrient digestibility, and gut microflora in Escherichia coli - challenged laying hens. Poultry Science 94: 2165-2172.
  • Islam KMS, Schumacher A, Groop JM (2005) Humic acid substances in animal agriculture. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 4: 126-134.
  • Kale C, Bingol NT (2015) Role of beta glucan in animal nutrition. Van Veterinary Journal 26: 43-47.
  • Kamal-Eldin A, Frank J, Razdan A, Tengblad S, Basu S, Vessby B (2000) Effects of dietary phenolic compounds on tocopherol, cholesterol, and fatty acids in rats. Lipids, 35: 427-435.
  • Kara K, Sarıözkan S, Konca Y, Güçlü BK (2012) Bıldırcın (Coturnix coturnix japonica) karma yemlerine humat ilavesinin besi performansı ve gelire etkisi. Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi 83: 17-24.
  • Kim MH, Shin HK (1998) The water-soluble extract of chicory influences serum and liver lipid concentrations, caecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations and fecal lipid excretion in rats. Journal of Nutrition 128: 1731-1736.
  • Kocaoğlu Güçlü B, Kara K (2009) Ruminant beslemede alternatif yem katkı maddelerinin kullanımı: 1. Probiyotik, prebiyotik ve enzim. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 6: 65-75.
  • Kutlu HR, Şahin A (2017) Kanatlı beslemede güncel çalışmalar ve gelecek için öneriler. Hayvansal Üretim 58(2): 58-65.
  • Minitab (2000) Minitab reference manuel (release 13.0). Minitab, State College, PA, USA.
  • Ooi LG, Liong MT (2010) Cholesterol-lowering effects of probiotics and prebiotics: A review of in vivo and in vitro findings. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 11: 2499-2522.
  • Öztürk E, Ocak N, Coşkun I, Turhan S, Erener G (2010) Effects of humic substances supplementation provided through drinking water on performance, carcass traits and meat quality of broilers. Journal Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 94: 78-85.
  • Öztürk E, Ocak N, Turan A, Erener G, Altop A, Çankaya S (2012) Performance, carcass, gastrointestinal tract and meat quality traits, and selected blood parameters of broilers fed diets supplemented with humic substances. Journal of Science of Food Agriculture 92: 59-65.
  • Öztürk E (2012) Hayvan beslemede humik asitlerden beklenen etki gözlenebiliyor mu? Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Dergisi 1: 275-289.
  • Öztürk E, Çoşkun I, Ocak N, Erener G, Dervişoğlu M, Turhan S (2014) Performance, meat quality, meat mineral contents and caecal microbial population responses to humic substances administered in drinking water in broilers. British Poultry Science 55: 668-674.
  • Pelizon AC, Kaneno R, Soares AMVC, Meira DA, Sartori A (2005) Immunomodulatory activities associated with β-glucan derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Physiological Research 54: 557-564.
  • Rath NC, Huff WE, Huff GR (2006) Effects of humic acid on broiler chickens. Poultry Science 85: 410-414.
  • Roberfroid MB (2000) Prebiotics and probiotics: Are they functional foods? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 71 (Suppl.): 1682-1687.
  • Senn TL, Kingman AR (1973) A review of humus and humic acids. The South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Clemson University, South Carolina. Research Series Report No: 145.
  • Shahir MH, Afsarian O, Ghasemi S, Tellez G (2014) Effects of dietary inclusion of probiotic or prebiotic on growth performance, organ weight, blood parameters and antibody titers against influenza and newcastle in broiler chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science 13(2): 70-754.
  • Shugeng WJ, Zhang HWU, Chuanyu YU, Baosheng YCT (2013) Fulvic acid: Effects on performance and blood biochemical parameters in broilers. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition 1: 021. Stone CW (2004) Yeast products in the feed industry a practical guide for feed professionals. http://www.diamondv.com/products/ Erişim 22 Ocak 2017.
  • Taklimi SMS, Ghahri H, Isakan MA (2012) Influence of different levels of humic acid and esterified glucomannan on growth performance and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. Agricultural Sciences 3: 663-668.
  • Tuncer Hİ (2007) Karma yemlerde kullanımı yasaklanan hormon, antibiyotik, antikoksidiyal ve ilaçlar. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 47: 29-37.
  • Yalçınkaya İ, Güngör T, Başalan M, Erdem E (2008) Mannanoligosaccharides from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in broilers: Effects on performance and blood biochemistry. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science 32: 43-48.
  • Zhang AW, Lee BD, Lee SK, Lee KW, An GH, Song KB, Lee CH (2005) Effects of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cell components on growth performance, meat quality, and ileal mucosa development of broiler chicks. Poultry Science 84: 1015-1021.

Japon bıldırcınları (Coturnix coturnix japonica) rasyonlarına humat ve maya hücre duvarı eksraktı ilavesinin besi performansı, bağırsak mikroflorası ve kan parametrelerine etkisi

Year 2018, Volume: 31 Issue: 2, 181 - 187, 01.08.2018
https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.356460

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Japon bıldırcınlarının (Coturnix
coturnix japonica)
rasyonlarına humat ve maya hücre duvarı ekstraktı
ilavesinin besi performansı, bağırsak mikroflorası ve kan parametreleri üzerine
etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla
günlük yaşta karışık cinsiyette 200 adet Japon bıldırcını (Coturnix
coturnix japonica)
civcivi her
birinde 50 civciv bulunan 4
gruba dağıtılarak 42 gün
süreyle beslenmişlerdir.
Deneme grupları, sırasıyla kontrol (herhangi
bir yem katkısı içermeyen), kontrol+2 g humat kg
-1, kontrol+2 g maya
hücre duvarı ekstraktı kg
-1, kontrol+2 g humat kg-1 +2 g
maya hücre duvarı ekstraktı kg
-1’dan oluşmuştur. Rasyona humat ve maya hücre duvarı ekstraktının tek
başına ya da birlikte
ilavesi 0-21, 22-42 ve
0-42 günlük yaş dönemleri itibariyle ortalama canlı ağırlık, yem tüketimleri,
yem dönüşüm oranları ve ölüm oranları üzerinde önemli derecede etkili
olmamıştır (P>0.05).
Sekum mikroflora, karkas ve
kan parametreleri analizleri 42. günde yapılmıştır. Rasyona humat ve maya hücre
duvarı ekstraktı
nın tek başına ya da
birlikte
ilavesi karkas randımanı ve
karaciğer, kalp ve taşlık gibi bazı oransal organ ağırlıkları ile sekum
Coliform,
Lactobacillus
ve E.coli bakteri sayıları
üzerine etkili olmamıştır (P>0.05). Serum trigliserit, alanin
aminotransferaz (ALT), alkalen fosfataz (ALP), aspartat aminotransferaz (AST),
albumin, toplam protein konsantrasyonu bakımından gruplar arasında farklılık
görülmemiştir (P>0.05). Ancak rasyona humat ve humat+maya hücre duvarı
ekstraktı ilavesi serum toplam kolesterol konsantrasyonunu düşürmüş
(P<0.05), r
asyona ilave edilen maya hücre duvarı
ekstraktı
ise serum toplam kolesterol konsantrasyonunu düşürme eğilimine
sokmuştur. Bu yem katkı maddelerinin performans ve bağırsak mikroflora üzerine
etkilerini araştırmada yeni araştırma ve yaklaşımlara ihtiyaç vardır.

References

  • Abdel-Mageed MAA (2012) Effect of dietary humic substances supplementation on performance and immunity of japanese quail. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal 32: 645-660.
  • Aksu T, Bozkurt AS (2009) Effect of dietary essential oils and/or humic acids on broiler performance, microbial population of intestinal content and antibody titres in the summer season. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 15: 185-190.
  • Akyıldız AR (1984) Yemler Bilgisi Laboratuvar Kılavuzu. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları s. 286 Ankara. Al-Saad S, Abbod MA, Abuo Younes A (2015) Effect of some growth promoters on the cecal microflora of broiler chickens. International Journal of PharmTech Research 8: 48-54.
  • Attia Y, Ellakany H, El-Hamid AA, Bovera F, Ghazaly S (2012) Control of Salmonella enteritidis infection in male layer chickens by acetic acid and/or prebiotics, probiotics and antibiotics. Archive für Geflügelkunde 76: 239-245.
  • Brown L, Rosner B, Willett WW, Sacks FM (1999) Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary fiber: a meta-analysis. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 69: 30-42.
  • Chen J, Huang XF (2009) The effects of diets enriched in beta-glucans on blood lipoprotein concentrations. Journal of Clinical Lipidology 3: 154-158.
  • Çördük M, Ceylan N, Dede N, Tel OY (2008) Effects of novel feed additives on performance, carcass traits and E. coli, aerobic bacteria and yeast counts in broilers. Archiv für Geflugelkunde 72: 61-67. Duncan DB (1955) Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11: 1-42.
  • El-Sheikh AMH, Abdalla EA, Hanafy MM (2009) Study on productive performance, hematological and immunological parameters in local strain of chicken as affected by mannan oligosaccharide under hot climate. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal 29: 287-305.
  • Eren M, Deniz G, Gezen ŞŞ, Türkmen İİ (2000) Broyler yemlerine katılan humatların besi performansı, serum mineral konsantrasyonu ve kemik külü üzerine etkileri. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 47: 255-263.
  • Gallaher CM, Munion J, Hesslink R, Wise J, Gallaher DD (2000) Cholesterol reduction by glucomannan and chitosan is mediated by changes in cholesterol absorption and bile acid and fat excretion in rats. Journal of Nutrition 130: 2753-2759.
  • Ghahri H, Habibian R, Fam MA (2010) Evaluation of the efficacy of esterified glucomannan, sodium bentonite, and humic acid to ameliorate the toxic effects of aflatoxin in broilers. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 34: 385-391.
  • Hayes MHB, MacCarthy P, Malcolm RL, Swift RS (1989) Humic substances II: in search of structure. Wiley-Interscience pp. 764 New York.
  • Helal MS, Youssef FM, Moursi MK, Khalil WF, Abdel-Daim MM (2015) Effectiveness of prebiotic as an alternative to the antimicrobial growth promoter on growth performance, blood constituents, intestinal healthiness and immunity of broilers. Alexandria Journal for Veterinary Sciences 45: 13-25.
  • Hooge DM (2004) Meta-analysis of broiler chicken pen trials evaluating dietary mannan oligosaccharide, 1993-2003. International Journal of Poultry Science 3: 163-174.
  • Jacobs CM, Parsons CM (2009) The effect of Grobiotic-P combined with yeast cell wall and gluconic acid on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities, and caecal microbial populations in young chicks. Poultry Science 88: 2360-2367.
  • Jahanian R, Ashnagar M (2015) Effect of dietary supplementation of mannan-oligosaccharides on performance, blood metabolites, ileal nutrient digestibility, and gut microflora in Escherichia coli - challenged laying hens. Poultry Science 94: 2165-2172.
  • Islam KMS, Schumacher A, Groop JM (2005) Humic acid substances in animal agriculture. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 4: 126-134.
  • Kale C, Bingol NT (2015) Role of beta glucan in animal nutrition. Van Veterinary Journal 26: 43-47.
  • Kamal-Eldin A, Frank J, Razdan A, Tengblad S, Basu S, Vessby B (2000) Effects of dietary phenolic compounds on tocopherol, cholesterol, and fatty acids in rats. Lipids, 35: 427-435.
  • Kara K, Sarıözkan S, Konca Y, Güçlü BK (2012) Bıldırcın (Coturnix coturnix japonica) karma yemlerine humat ilavesinin besi performansı ve gelire etkisi. Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi 83: 17-24.
  • Kim MH, Shin HK (1998) The water-soluble extract of chicory influences serum and liver lipid concentrations, caecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations and fecal lipid excretion in rats. Journal of Nutrition 128: 1731-1736.
  • Kocaoğlu Güçlü B, Kara K (2009) Ruminant beslemede alternatif yem katkı maddelerinin kullanımı: 1. Probiyotik, prebiyotik ve enzim. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 6: 65-75.
  • Kutlu HR, Şahin A (2017) Kanatlı beslemede güncel çalışmalar ve gelecek için öneriler. Hayvansal Üretim 58(2): 58-65.
  • Minitab (2000) Minitab reference manuel (release 13.0). Minitab, State College, PA, USA.
  • Ooi LG, Liong MT (2010) Cholesterol-lowering effects of probiotics and prebiotics: A review of in vivo and in vitro findings. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 11: 2499-2522.
  • Öztürk E, Ocak N, Coşkun I, Turhan S, Erener G (2010) Effects of humic substances supplementation provided through drinking water on performance, carcass traits and meat quality of broilers. Journal Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 94: 78-85.
  • Öztürk E, Ocak N, Turan A, Erener G, Altop A, Çankaya S (2012) Performance, carcass, gastrointestinal tract and meat quality traits, and selected blood parameters of broilers fed diets supplemented with humic substances. Journal of Science of Food Agriculture 92: 59-65.
  • Öztürk E (2012) Hayvan beslemede humik asitlerden beklenen etki gözlenebiliyor mu? Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Dergisi 1: 275-289.
  • Öztürk E, Çoşkun I, Ocak N, Erener G, Dervişoğlu M, Turhan S (2014) Performance, meat quality, meat mineral contents and caecal microbial population responses to humic substances administered in drinking water in broilers. British Poultry Science 55: 668-674.
  • Pelizon AC, Kaneno R, Soares AMVC, Meira DA, Sartori A (2005) Immunomodulatory activities associated with β-glucan derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Physiological Research 54: 557-564.
  • Rath NC, Huff WE, Huff GR (2006) Effects of humic acid on broiler chickens. Poultry Science 85: 410-414.
  • Roberfroid MB (2000) Prebiotics and probiotics: Are they functional foods? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 71 (Suppl.): 1682-1687.
  • Senn TL, Kingman AR (1973) A review of humus and humic acids. The South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Clemson University, South Carolina. Research Series Report No: 145.
  • Shahir MH, Afsarian O, Ghasemi S, Tellez G (2014) Effects of dietary inclusion of probiotic or prebiotic on growth performance, organ weight, blood parameters and antibody titers against influenza and newcastle in broiler chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science 13(2): 70-754.
  • Shugeng WJ, Zhang HWU, Chuanyu YU, Baosheng YCT (2013) Fulvic acid: Effects on performance and blood biochemical parameters in broilers. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition 1: 021. Stone CW (2004) Yeast products in the feed industry a practical guide for feed professionals. http://www.diamondv.com/products/ Erişim 22 Ocak 2017.
  • Taklimi SMS, Ghahri H, Isakan MA (2012) Influence of different levels of humic acid and esterified glucomannan on growth performance and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. Agricultural Sciences 3: 663-668.
  • Tuncer Hİ (2007) Karma yemlerde kullanımı yasaklanan hormon, antibiyotik, antikoksidiyal ve ilaçlar. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 47: 29-37.
  • Yalçınkaya İ, Güngör T, Başalan M, Erdem E (2008) Mannanoligosaccharides from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in broilers: Effects on performance and blood biochemistry. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science 32: 43-48.
  • Zhang AW, Lee BD, Lee SK, Lee KW, An GH, Song KB, Lee CH (2005) Effects of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cell components on growth performance, meat quality, and ileal mucosa development of broiler chicks. Poultry Science 84: 1015-1021.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Mevlüt Günal

Görkem Yanık

Serkan Özkaya This is me

Publication Date August 1, 2018
Submission Date November 20, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 31 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Günal, M., Yanık, G., & Özkaya, S. (2018). Japon bıldırcınları (Coturnix coturnix japonica) rasyonlarına humat ve maya hücre duvarı eksraktı ilavesinin besi performansı, bağırsak mikroflorası ve kan parametrelerine etkisi. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, 31(2), 181-187. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.356460
AMA Günal M, Yanık G, Özkaya S. Japon bıldırcınları (Coturnix coturnix japonica) rasyonlarına humat ve maya hücre duvarı eksraktı ilavesinin besi performansı, bağırsak mikroflorası ve kan parametrelerine etkisi. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences. August 2018;31(2):181-187. doi:10.29136/mediterranean.356460
Chicago Günal, Mevlüt, Görkem Yanık, and Serkan Özkaya. “Japon bıldırcınları (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) rasyonlarına Humat Ve Maya hücre Duvarı Eksraktı Ilavesinin Besi performansı, bağırsak Mikroflorası Ve Kan Parametrelerine Etkisi”. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 31, no. 2 (August 2018): 181-87. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.356460.
EndNote Günal M, Yanık G, Özkaya S (August 1, 2018) Japon bıldırcınları (Coturnix coturnix japonica) rasyonlarına humat ve maya hücre duvarı eksraktı ilavesinin besi performansı, bağırsak mikroflorası ve kan parametrelerine etkisi. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 31 2 181–187.
IEEE M. Günal, G. Yanık, and S. Özkaya, “Japon bıldırcınları (Coturnix coturnix japonica) rasyonlarına humat ve maya hücre duvarı eksraktı ilavesinin besi performansı, bağırsak mikroflorası ve kan parametrelerine etkisi”, Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 181–187, 2018, doi: 10.29136/mediterranean.356460.
ISNAD Günal, Mevlüt et al. “Japon bıldırcınları (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) rasyonlarına Humat Ve Maya hücre Duvarı Eksraktı Ilavesinin Besi performansı, bağırsak Mikroflorası Ve Kan Parametrelerine Etkisi”. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 31/2 (August 2018), 181-187. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.356460.
JAMA Günal M, Yanık G, Özkaya S. Japon bıldırcınları (Coturnix coturnix japonica) rasyonlarına humat ve maya hücre duvarı eksraktı ilavesinin besi performansı, bağırsak mikroflorası ve kan parametrelerine etkisi. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences. 2018;31:181–187.
MLA Günal, Mevlüt et al. “Japon bıldırcınları (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) rasyonlarına Humat Ve Maya hücre Duvarı Eksraktı Ilavesinin Besi performansı, bağırsak Mikroflorası Ve Kan Parametrelerine Etkisi”. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, vol. 31, no. 2, 2018, pp. 181-7, doi:10.29136/mediterranean.356460.
Vancouver Günal M, Yanık G, Özkaya S. Japon bıldırcınları (Coturnix coturnix japonica) rasyonlarına humat ve maya hücre duvarı eksraktı ilavesinin besi performansı, bağırsak mikroflorası ve kan parametrelerine etkisi. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences. 2018;31(2):181-7.

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