Research Article
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Determination of Trichomonas vaginalis Positivity and Risk Factors in Patients with Urogenital Complaints

Year 2019, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 258 - 266, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.19127/mbsjohs.663599

Abstract

Objective: In this study, the incidence and prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis was aimed to help to overcome the difficulties in explaining the data for the regions and it was aimed to investigate its prevalence in different social groups in Ordu and its environs.
Methods: Trichomonas Questionnaire Form and Personal Information Form of T. vaginalis were used in those who came to the urology and gynecology outpatient clinics from Ordu province and its environs. Urine sediment from the patients of urology outpatient clinic and vaginal smear specimen from the patients of gynecology outpatient clinic were collected and analyzed. All samples were examined by Direct Microscopic Investigation, culture, Giemsa and Papanikolau (PAPS) stain. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way and two-way chi-square test.
Results: In this study, 713 patients (202 males and 511 females) were examined. A total of 83 patients (11.6%) were positive. There was a difference in the frequency distribution of the individuals with positive T. vaginalis with respect to age, gender, marital status, economic status, educational status, settlement, working status and home living status, knowledge status about infectious diseases, going to the bath, going to the pool, traveling, type of toilet, use of toilet paper, discharge, discharge status, drug usage, abortion, and knowledge status about sexually transmitted diseases and T. vaginalis (p <0.001).
Conclusion: In this study, it was concluded that marital status, economic status, education level, settlement, working status and travel frequency may be effective in transmission of parasite. In this respect, it was inferred that the transmission of T. vaginalis can be reduced with in-service and public health trainings on the parasite transmission and the ways of prevention

Supporting Institution

Ordu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit

Project Number

2016/A-1604

Thanks

We would like to thank to the researchers admitting to participating in the study and Ordu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit financially supporting this study (2016/A-1604).

References

  • Acholonu A.D.W, Walker T, Trichomoniosis Surveillance in Mississippi. USA, 1996-1997, ICOPA IX 1998:713 -717
  • Akyildiz F, Ozcelik S, Ozpinar N, Karakus S. Comparison of three different culture methods in the diagnosis and investigation of frequency of Trichomonas vaginalis in women with the pre-diagnosis of vaginitis. Turkish Bulletin of Hygiene and Experimental Biology, 2018; 75(1): 43-52
  • Aral Akarsu G. Investigation of Trichomonas vaginalis in Patients with Nonspecific Vaginal Discharge. Türkiye Parazitol Derg 2006; 30: 19-21
  • Ay S, Yilmaz M. Investigation of Trichomonas vaginalis in women with a vaginal discharge. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 1994;18(2):101-103.
  • Ay YD, Oguz MC, Ozturk MO. Investigation of the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and yeast cells in vaginal discharge. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 1996;20(2):175-178.
  • Budak S. 1987. Epidemiology of Trichomoniasis. Trikomoniyaz, (Ed. Yasarol S) Turkey Parazitololoj Association of Broadcasting. No:7, s.19-20.
  • Cetinkaya U, Yazar S, Serin S, Hamamci B, Kuk S. Trichomonas vaginalis Positivity According to Type of Vaginal Discharge in Women. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2011;31(5):1094-9
  • Culha G, Hakverdi AU, Zeteroğlu Ş, Duran N. Investigation of the Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in Women with Complaints of Vaginal Discharge and Itching. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 2006; 30: 16-8.
  • Daldal N, Karaman U, Atambay M. The incidence of Trichomonas vaginalis among bar girls working in Malatya. Journal of Inonu University Medical Faculty, 2002;9:21-24.
  • Degerli S, Salk S, Malatyali E. Incidence in Sivas of Trichomonas vaginalis in Patients with Vaginitis. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 2011;35(3):145-7
  • Degerli K, Lacin S, Ozbakkaloglu B, Sivrel A, Ozkutuk N, Ozbilgin A,. Investigation of the Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida spp. in Women with Complaints of Vaginal Discharge and Itching Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 1997;21(4):366-368.
  • Daviez AG, Clay JC. Prevalence of sexually transmitted disease infection in women allegingrape. Sex. Trans: Dis.19 (5) 1992 s:298-300
  • Dogan N, Akgun Y. 1999. The Relationship Between Trichomonas vaginalis and Presence of Yeast Cells II. National Parasitology Congress.6-10 Eylül 1999 Sivas Program and Abstracts, s.222.
  • Ertabaklar H, Ertug S, Kafkas S, Odabasi AR, Karatas E. Investigation of Trichomonas vaginalis in Women with a Vaginal Discharge. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 2004;28 (4): 181-184.
  • Field N, Clifton S, Alexander S, Ison CA, Khanom R, Sounders P, et al. Trichomonas vaginalis infection is uncommon in the British general population: implications for clinical testing and public health screening. Sex Transm Infect, 2016;0:1-4.
  • Karaman U, Atambay M, Aycan OM, Daldal N. Survival of Trichomonas vaginalis in Various Environments and at Different Temperatures. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 2004;28 (1): 18-20.
  • Karaman U, Atambay M, Yazar S, Daldal N. Investigation of the Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis with Respect to Diverse Social Variables in Women (Malatya, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 2006;30(1):11-15.
  • Karaman U, Karadag N, Atambay M, Arserim Kaya NB, Daldal NUA. Comparison of cytological and parasitological methods in the diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 2008;32(4):309-312.
  • Kilimcioglu AA, Lacin S, Girginkardesler N, Degerli K, Ozbilgin A, Comparison of Diamond, Thioglycolate, TYM, CPLM Media, Direct Microscopy and Culture Methods for the
  • Diagnosis of Trichomoniasis. Turkish Journal of Parasitology 1998;22(3): 239-242. Kuman A, Altıntas N. Protozoon Diseases. Bornova–Izmir, 1996.
  • Madico GC, Quinn T, Rompalo A, Kelly T, Mckee JR, Charlotte A. Gaydos Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis İnfection by PCR Using Vaginal Swab Samples. J. of Clin. Micro. 1998;36(11):3205-3210
  • Paterson BA, Tabrizi SN, Garland SM, Fairley CK, Bowden FJ. The tampon test for Trichomoniosis: A comparison between conventional methods and a polymerase chain reaction for Trichomonas vaginalis’in women. Sex. Trans:Inf. 1998 s:136-141
  • Sadr YE, Ozcan K, Arıdogan N, Koltas IS, Application of Rapid Latex Agglutination Method in the Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis and Comparison of this Method with Microscopy, Culture and Staining Methods. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 1992;16(3-4): 12-23.
  • Sapmaz G, 1985. Comparison of Trichomonas vaginalis (Donne, 1836) Obtained from Culture with Various Dye Methods. Master Thesis. Izmir.
  • Selvioglu A, Ozcelik S, Degerli S. The incidence of Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal specimens from gynecologic patients. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 2006;30(3): 177-175
  • Sharma P, Malla N, Gupta I, Ganguly NK, Mahajan RC. A comparison of wet mount, culture and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of Trichomoniosis in women Trop. Geogr Med. 1991;43(3):257-260.
  • Sonmez Tamer G, Keçeli Ozcan S, Yücesoy G, Gacar G. The Relation Between Trichomoniasis and Contraseptive Methods. Türkiye Parazitol Derg 2009; 33: 266-9.
  • Toker R. Evaluation of diagnostic methods in Trichomonas vaginalis and effects of parasite on social life. Ege Univ. Faculty of Medicine PhD Thesis Izmir, 1995
  • Turhanoğlu M, Turgut H, Distribution of Microorganisms Isolated from Vaginal Swabs of Patients with Vaginitis. Turk Mikrobiyol. Cem. J, 1994;24(1-2): 59-61
  • Unat EK, Yucel A, Altas K, Samasti M. Medical parasitology of Unat. Cerrahpasa Med Fac. Found. Pub. :15 (5. edition) 1995
  • Vishwanath S, Talwar V, Prasad R, Coyaji K, et al. Syndromic management of vaginal discharge among women in a reproductive health clinic in. India. Sex. Trans: Infect. 2000;76 (4):303-307
Year 2019, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 258 - 266, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.19127/mbsjohs.663599

Abstract

Project Number

2016/A-1604

References

  • Acholonu A.D.W, Walker T, Trichomoniosis Surveillance in Mississippi. USA, 1996-1997, ICOPA IX 1998:713 -717
  • Akyildiz F, Ozcelik S, Ozpinar N, Karakus S. Comparison of three different culture methods in the diagnosis and investigation of frequency of Trichomonas vaginalis in women with the pre-diagnosis of vaginitis. Turkish Bulletin of Hygiene and Experimental Biology, 2018; 75(1): 43-52
  • Aral Akarsu G. Investigation of Trichomonas vaginalis in Patients with Nonspecific Vaginal Discharge. Türkiye Parazitol Derg 2006; 30: 19-21
  • Ay S, Yilmaz M. Investigation of Trichomonas vaginalis in women with a vaginal discharge. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 1994;18(2):101-103.
  • Ay YD, Oguz MC, Ozturk MO. Investigation of the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and yeast cells in vaginal discharge. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 1996;20(2):175-178.
  • Budak S. 1987. Epidemiology of Trichomoniasis. Trikomoniyaz, (Ed. Yasarol S) Turkey Parazitololoj Association of Broadcasting. No:7, s.19-20.
  • Cetinkaya U, Yazar S, Serin S, Hamamci B, Kuk S. Trichomonas vaginalis Positivity According to Type of Vaginal Discharge in Women. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2011;31(5):1094-9
  • Culha G, Hakverdi AU, Zeteroğlu Ş, Duran N. Investigation of the Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in Women with Complaints of Vaginal Discharge and Itching. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 2006; 30: 16-8.
  • Daldal N, Karaman U, Atambay M. The incidence of Trichomonas vaginalis among bar girls working in Malatya. Journal of Inonu University Medical Faculty, 2002;9:21-24.
  • Degerli S, Salk S, Malatyali E. Incidence in Sivas of Trichomonas vaginalis in Patients with Vaginitis. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 2011;35(3):145-7
  • Degerli K, Lacin S, Ozbakkaloglu B, Sivrel A, Ozkutuk N, Ozbilgin A,. Investigation of the Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida spp. in Women with Complaints of Vaginal Discharge and Itching Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 1997;21(4):366-368.
  • Daviez AG, Clay JC. Prevalence of sexually transmitted disease infection in women allegingrape. Sex. Trans: Dis.19 (5) 1992 s:298-300
  • Dogan N, Akgun Y. 1999. The Relationship Between Trichomonas vaginalis and Presence of Yeast Cells II. National Parasitology Congress.6-10 Eylül 1999 Sivas Program and Abstracts, s.222.
  • Ertabaklar H, Ertug S, Kafkas S, Odabasi AR, Karatas E. Investigation of Trichomonas vaginalis in Women with a Vaginal Discharge. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 2004;28 (4): 181-184.
  • Field N, Clifton S, Alexander S, Ison CA, Khanom R, Sounders P, et al. Trichomonas vaginalis infection is uncommon in the British general population: implications for clinical testing and public health screening. Sex Transm Infect, 2016;0:1-4.
  • Karaman U, Atambay M, Aycan OM, Daldal N. Survival of Trichomonas vaginalis in Various Environments and at Different Temperatures. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 2004;28 (1): 18-20.
  • Karaman U, Atambay M, Yazar S, Daldal N. Investigation of the Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis with Respect to Diverse Social Variables in Women (Malatya, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 2006;30(1):11-15.
  • Karaman U, Karadag N, Atambay M, Arserim Kaya NB, Daldal NUA. Comparison of cytological and parasitological methods in the diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 2008;32(4):309-312.
  • Kilimcioglu AA, Lacin S, Girginkardesler N, Degerli K, Ozbilgin A, Comparison of Diamond, Thioglycolate, TYM, CPLM Media, Direct Microscopy and Culture Methods for the
  • Diagnosis of Trichomoniasis. Turkish Journal of Parasitology 1998;22(3): 239-242. Kuman A, Altıntas N. Protozoon Diseases. Bornova–Izmir, 1996.
  • Madico GC, Quinn T, Rompalo A, Kelly T, Mckee JR, Charlotte A. Gaydos Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis İnfection by PCR Using Vaginal Swab Samples. J. of Clin. Micro. 1998;36(11):3205-3210
  • Paterson BA, Tabrizi SN, Garland SM, Fairley CK, Bowden FJ. The tampon test for Trichomoniosis: A comparison between conventional methods and a polymerase chain reaction for Trichomonas vaginalis’in women. Sex. Trans:Inf. 1998 s:136-141
  • Sadr YE, Ozcan K, Arıdogan N, Koltas IS, Application of Rapid Latex Agglutination Method in the Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis and Comparison of this Method with Microscopy, Culture and Staining Methods. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 1992;16(3-4): 12-23.
  • Sapmaz G, 1985. Comparison of Trichomonas vaginalis (Donne, 1836) Obtained from Culture with Various Dye Methods. Master Thesis. Izmir.
  • Selvioglu A, Ozcelik S, Degerli S. The incidence of Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal specimens from gynecologic patients. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 2006;30(3): 177-175
  • Sharma P, Malla N, Gupta I, Ganguly NK, Mahajan RC. A comparison of wet mount, culture and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of Trichomoniosis in women Trop. Geogr Med. 1991;43(3):257-260.
  • Sonmez Tamer G, Keçeli Ozcan S, Yücesoy G, Gacar G. The Relation Between Trichomoniasis and Contraseptive Methods. Türkiye Parazitol Derg 2009; 33: 266-9.
  • Toker R. Evaluation of diagnostic methods in Trichomonas vaginalis and effects of parasite on social life. Ege Univ. Faculty of Medicine PhD Thesis Izmir, 1995
  • Turhanoğlu M, Turgut H, Distribution of Microorganisms Isolated from Vaginal Swabs of Patients with Vaginitis. Turk Mikrobiyol. Cem. J, 1994;24(1-2): 59-61
  • Unat EK, Yucel A, Altas K, Samasti M. Medical parasitology of Unat. Cerrahpasa Med Fac. Found. Pub. :15 (5. edition) 1995
  • Vishwanath S, Talwar V, Prasad R, Coyaji K, et al. Syndromic management of vaginal discharge among women in a reproductive health clinic in. India. Sex. Trans: Infect. 2000;76 (4):303-307
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research articles
Authors

Nülüfer Erbil 0000-0003-3586-6237

Ulku Karaman

Erdal Benli

Deha Denizhan Keskin

Abullah Çırakoğlu

Pınar Gürgör

Cemil Çolak

Project Number 2016/A-1604
Publication Date December 31, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 5 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Erbil N, Karaman U, Benli E, Keskin DD, Çırakoğlu A, Gürgör P, Çolak C. Determination of Trichomonas vaginalis Positivity and Risk Factors in Patients with Urogenital Complaints. Mid Blac Sea J Health Sci. 2019;5(3):258-66.

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