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Screening for antioxidant and antimutagenic properties of extracts from Centaurea pterocaula as well as theirs enzyme inhibitory potentials

Year 2016, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 232 - 242, 28.03.2016

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacities, mutagenic/antimutagenic propeties and enzyme inhibitory effects of three extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol and water) of Centaurea pterocaula. The antioxidant properties were investigated using in vitro antixidant methods such as radical scavenging (DPPH assay), reducing power (FRAP and CUPRAC assays), phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating. Enzyme inhibitory effects were tested aganist cholinesterase, tyrosinase, amylase and glucosidase. Ames test was used to show mutagenic/antimutagenic properties of these extracts. Generally, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts had stronger activities as compared to water extract. Also, ethyl acetate extract exhibited the strongest effect on the tested enzymes (except for glucosidase) Total phenolic and flavonoid content were found to be 15.77-25.22 mgGAE/g extract and 0.67-31.44 mgRE/g extract, respectively. The mutagenicity was not seen for all extracts tested, while it was determined that some samples have significant antimutagenicity. In the condition of presence of S9 mix, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts revealed excellent antimutagenic activity (92% and 92%) at a dose of 5000 µg/plate against 2-aminoflourene (2-AF) for TA98 strain. According to the results of present study, C. pterocaula can be considered as a potential source for developing new nutraceuticals or pharmaceuticals.

References

  • Spencer JPE, Mohsen MMA, Minihane AM, Mathers JC. Biomarkers of the intake of dietary polyphenols: strengths, limitations and application in nutrition research. Brit J Nutr. 2008; 99(1): 12-22.
  • Beecher GR. Overview of dietary flavonoids: nomenclature, occurrence and intake. The Journal of nutrition. 2003; 133(10): 3248S-54S.
  • Cook NC, Samman S. Flavonoids - Chemistry, metabolism, cardioprotective effects, and dietary sources. J Nutr Biochem. 1996; 7(2): 66-76.
  • Liu Q, Cai WS, Shao XG. Determination of seven polyphenols in water by high performance liquid chromatography combined with preconcentration. Talanta. 2008; 77(2): 679-83.
  • Zengin G, Uysal A, Gunes E, Aktumsek A. Survey of Phytochemical Composition and Biological Effects of Three Extracts from a Wild Plant (Cotoneaster nummularia Fisch et Mey.): A Potential Source for Functional Food Ingredients and Drug Formulations. Plos One. 2014; 9(11): 1-13.
  • Akin D, Durak Y, Uysal A, Gunes E, Aladag MO. Assessment of Antimutagenic Action of Celtis glabrata Steven ex Planch. (Cannabaceae) Extracts Against Base Pair Exchange and Frame Shift Mutations on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 Strains by Ames Test. Drug and Chemical Toxicology. 2016; 39(3): 312-21.
  • Uysal A, Gunes E, Sarikurkcu C, Celik H, Durak Y, Uren MC. New Prospective Materials for Chemoprevention: Three Phlomis. Brit J Pharm Res. 2016; 10(3).
  • Baser KHC. Aromatic biodiversity among the flowering plant taxa of Turkey. Pure Appl Chem. 2002; 74(4): 527-45.
  • Clapman A, Tutin T, Warburg W. The flora of the British Isles. Cambridge Uni-versity Press, Cambridge, UK. 1952.
  • Sezik E, Yesilada E, Honda G, Takaishi Y, Takeda Y, Tanaka T. Traditional medicine in Turkey X. Folk medicine in Central Anatolia. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2001; 75(2-3): 95-115.
  • Grieve M. A Modern Herbal 2002. Available from: http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/c/centau46.html.
  • Sarker SD, Savchenko T, Whiting P, Sik V, Dinan LN. Moschamine, cis-moschamine, moschamindole and moschamindolol: Four novel indole alkaloids from Centaurea moschata. Nat Prod Lett. 1997; 9(3): 189-99.
  • Reyhan A, Küpeli, E.,, Ergun F. The biological activity of Centaurea L. species. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2004; 17(4): 149-64.
  • Slinkard K, Singleton VL. Total phenol analysis: automation and comparison with manual methods. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. 1977; 28(1): 49-55.
  • Berk S, Tepe B, Arslan S, Sarikurkcu C. Screening of the antioxidant, antimicrobial and DNA damage protection potentials of the aqueous extract of Asplenium ceterach DC. Afr J Biotechnol. 2011; 10(44): 8902-8.
  • Sarikurkcu C. Antioxidant activities of solvent extracts from endemic Cyclamen mirabile Hildebr. tubers and leaves. Afr J Biotechnol. 2013; 10(5): 831-9.
  • Benzie IFF, Strain JJ. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of ''antioxidant power'': The FRAP assay. Analytical Biochemistry. 1996; 239(1): 70-6.
  • Apak R, Guclu K, Ozyurek M, Karademir SE, Ercag E. The cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of some herbal teas. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2006; 57(5-6): 292-304.
  • Prieto P, Pineda M, Aguilar M. Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: specific application to the determination of vitamin E. Analytical biochemistry. 1999; 269(2): 337-41.
  • Dinis TCP, Madeira VMC, Almeida LM. Action of Phenolic Derivatives (Acetaminophen, Salicylate, and 5-Aminosalicylate) as Inhibitors of Membrane Lipid-Peroxidation and as Peroxyl Radical Scavengers. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 1994; 315(1): 161-9.
  • Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Andres V, Jr., Feather-Stone RM. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem Pharmacol. 1961; 7: 88-95.
  • Palanisamy UD, Ling LT, Manaharan T, Appleton D. Rapid isolation of geraniin from Nephelium lappaceum rind waste and its anti-hyperglycemic activity. Food Chem. 2011; 127(1): 21-7.
  • Orhan IE, Senol FS, Gulpinar AR, Sekeroglu N, Kartal M, Sener B. Neuroprotective potential of some terebinth coffee brands and the unprocessed fruits of Pistacia terebinthus L. and their fatty and essential oil analyses. Food Chem. 2012; 130(4): 882-8.
  • Dean BJ, Brooks TM, Hodsonwalker G, Hutson DH. Genetic Toxicology Testing of 41 Industrial-Chemicals. Mutat Res. 1985; 153(1-2): 57-77.
  • Maron DM, Ames BN. Revised Methods for the Salmonella Mutagenicity Test. Mutat Res. 1983; 113(3-4): 173-215.
  • Uysal A, Lazarova I, Zengin G, Gunes E, Aktumsek A, Gevrenova R. New Perspectives on Asphodeline lutea from Bulgaria and Turkey: Anti-mutagenic, Anti-microbial and Anti-methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Activity. Brit J Pharm Res. 2016; 10(3).
  • Negi PS, Jayaprakasha GK, Jena BS. Antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of pomegranate peel extracts. Food Chem. 2003; 80(3): 393-7.
  • Šamec D, Valek-Žulj L, Martinez S, Grúz J, Piljac A, Piljac-Žegarac J. Phenolic acids significantly contribute to antioxidant potency of Gynostemma pentaphyllum aqueous and methanol extracts. Industrial Crops and Products. 2016; 84: 104-7.
  • Yasir M, Sultana B, Nigam PS, Owusu-Apenten R. Antioxidant and genoprotective activity of selected cucurbitaceae seed extracts and LC-ESIMS/MS identification of phenolic components. Food Chem. 2016; 199: 307-13.
  • Aktumsek A, Zengin G, Guler GO, Cakmak YS, Duran A. Antioxidant potentials and anticholinesterase activities of methanolic and aqueous extracts of three endemic Centaurea L. species. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013; 55: 290-6.
  • Zengin G, Cakmak YS, Guler GO, Aktumsek A. In vitro antioxidant capacities and fatty acid compositions of three Centaurea species collected from Central Anatolia region of Turkey. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010; 48(10): 2638-41.
  • Zengin G, Guler GO, Cakmak YS, Aktumsek A. Antioxidant capacity and fatty acid profile of Centaurea kotschyi (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hayek var. persica (Boiss.) Wagenitz from Turkey. Grasas Y Aceites. 2011; 62(1): 90-5.
  • Akkari H, Hajaji S, B’chir F, Rekik M, Gharbi M. Correlation of polyphenolic content with radical-scavenging capacity and anthelmintic effects of Rubus ulmifolius (Rosaceae) against Haemonchus contortus. Veterinary Parasitology. 2016; 221: 46-53.
  • Kolniak-Ostek J. Chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of different anatomical parts of pear (Pyrus communis L.). Food Chem. 2016; 203: 491-7.
  • Tekeli Y, Sezgin M, Aktumsek A. Antioxidant property of Centaurea solstitialis L. from Konya, Turkey. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 2008; 20(6): 4831-5.
  • Tepe B, Sokmen M, Akpulat HA, Yumrutas O, Sokmen A. Screening of antioxidative properties of the methanolic extracts of Pelargonium endlicherianum Fenzl., Verbascum wiedemannianum Fisch. & Mey., Sideritis libanotica Labill. subsp. linearis (Bentham) Borm., Centaurea mucronifera DC. and Hieracium cappadocicum Freyn from Turkish flora. Food Chem. 2006; 98(1): 9-13.
  • Zengin G, Aktumsek A, Guler GO, Cakmak YS, Kan Y. Composition of essential oil and antioxidant capacity of Centaurea drabifolia Sm. subsp detonsa (Bornm.) Wagenitz, endemic to Turkey. Natural Product Research. 2012; 26(1): 1-10.
  • Marathe SA, Rajalakshmi V, Jamdar SN, Sharma A. Comparative study on antioxidant activity of different varieties of commonly consumed legumes in India. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011; 49(9): 2005-12.
  • Wang T, Jonsdottir R, Olafsdottir G. Total phenolic compounds, radical scavenging and metal chelation of extracts from Icelandic seaweeds. Food Chem. 2009; 116(1): 240-8.
  • Aktumsek A, Zengin G, Guler GO, Cakmak YS, Duran A. Screening for in vitro antioxidant properties and fatty acid profiles of five Centaurea L. species from Turkey flora. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011; 49(11): 2914-20.
  • Association As. 2014 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimer's & Dementia. 2014; 10(2): e47-e92.
  • Whiting DR, Guariguata L, Weil C, Shaw J. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pr. 2011; 94(3): 311-21.
  • Murray AP, Faraoni MB, Castro MJ, Alza NP, Cavallaro V. Natural AChE Inhibitors from Plants and their Contribution to Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2013; 11(4): 388-413.
  • Etxeberria U, de la Garza AL, Campion J, Martinez JA, Milagro FI. Antidiabetic effects of natural plant extracts via inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolysis enzymes with emphasis on pancreatic alpha amylase. Expert Opin Ther Tar. 2012; 16(3): 269-97.
  • Kim YJ, Uyama H. Tyrosinase inhibitors from natural and synthetic sources: structure, inhibition mechanism and perspective for the future. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2005; 62(15): 1707-23.
  • Bhat M, Zinjarde SS, Bhargava SY, Kumar AR, Joshi BN. Antidiabetic Indian Plants: A Good Source of Potent Amylase Inhibitors. Evid-Based Compl Alt. 2011: 1-6.
  • Gulacti T, Kusman T. Lamiaceae Family Plants as a Potential Anticholinesterase Source in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Bezmialem Science. 2014; 1: 1-25.
  • Kamagaju L, Morandini R, Bizuru E, Nyetera P, Nduwayezu JB, Stevigny C, et al. Tyrosinase modulation by five Rwandese herbal medicines traditionally used for skin treatment. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2013; 146(3): 824-34.
  • Ertas A, Goren AC, Boga M, Demirci S, Kolak U. Chemical Composition of The Essential Oils of Three Centaurea Species Growing Wild in Anatolia and Their Anticholinesterase Activities. J Essent Oil Bear Pl. 2014; 17(5): 922-6.
  • Ozsoy N, Kultur S, Yilmaz-Ozden T, Celik BO, Can A, Melikoglu G. Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and Antimicrobial Activities of Turkish Endemic Centaurea Antiochia Var-Praealta. J Food Biochem. 2015; 39(6): 771-6.
Year 2016, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 232 - 242, 28.03.2016

Abstract

References

  • Spencer JPE, Mohsen MMA, Minihane AM, Mathers JC. Biomarkers of the intake of dietary polyphenols: strengths, limitations and application in nutrition research. Brit J Nutr. 2008; 99(1): 12-22.
  • Beecher GR. Overview of dietary flavonoids: nomenclature, occurrence and intake. The Journal of nutrition. 2003; 133(10): 3248S-54S.
  • Cook NC, Samman S. Flavonoids - Chemistry, metabolism, cardioprotective effects, and dietary sources. J Nutr Biochem. 1996; 7(2): 66-76.
  • Liu Q, Cai WS, Shao XG. Determination of seven polyphenols in water by high performance liquid chromatography combined with preconcentration. Talanta. 2008; 77(2): 679-83.
  • Zengin G, Uysal A, Gunes E, Aktumsek A. Survey of Phytochemical Composition and Biological Effects of Three Extracts from a Wild Plant (Cotoneaster nummularia Fisch et Mey.): A Potential Source for Functional Food Ingredients and Drug Formulations. Plos One. 2014; 9(11): 1-13.
  • Akin D, Durak Y, Uysal A, Gunes E, Aladag MO. Assessment of Antimutagenic Action of Celtis glabrata Steven ex Planch. (Cannabaceae) Extracts Against Base Pair Exchange and Frame Shift Mutations on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 Strains by Ames Test. Drug and Chemical Toxicology. 2016; 39(3): 312-21.
  • Uysal A, Gunes E, Sarikurkcu C, Celik H, Durak Y, Uren MC. New Prospective Materials for Chemoprevention: Three Phlomis. Brit J Pharm Res. 2016; 10(3).
  • Baser KHC. Aromatic biodiversity among the flowering plant taxa of Turkey. Pure Appl Chem. 2002; 74(4): 527-45.
  • Clapman A, Tutin T, Warburg W. The flora of the British Isles. Cambridge Uni-versity Press, Cambridge, UK. 1952.
  • Sezik E, Yesilada E, Honda G, Takaishi Y, Takeda Y, Tanaka T. Traditional medicine in Turkey X. Folk medicine in Central Anatolia. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2001; 75(2-3): 95-115.
  • Grieve M. A Modern Herbal 2002. Available from: http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/c/centau46.html.
  • Sarker SD, Savchenko T, Whiting P, Sik V, Dinan LN. Moschamine, cis-moschamine, moschamindole and moschamindolol: Four novel indole alkaloids from Centaurea moschata. Nat Prod Lett. 1997; 9(3): 189-99.
  • Reyhan A, Küpeli, E.,, Ergun F. The biological activity of Centaurea L. species. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2004; 17(4): 149-64.
  • Slinkard K, Singleton VL. Total phenol analysis: automation and comparison with manual methods. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. 1977; 28(1): 49-55.
  • Berk S, Tepe B, Arslan S, Sarikurkcu C. Screening of the antioxidant, antimicrobial and DNA damage protection potentials of the aqueous extract of Asplenium ceterach DC. Afr J Biotechnol. 2011; 10(44): 8902-8.
  • Sarikurkcu C. Antioxidant activities of solvent extracts from endemic Cyclamen mirabile Hildebr. tubers and leaves. Afr J Biotechnol. 2013; 10(5): 831-9.
  • Benzie IFF, Strain JJ. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of ''antioxidant power'': The FRAP assay. Analytical Biochemistry. 1996; 239(1): 70-6.
  • Apak R, Guclu K, Ozyurek M, Karademir SE, Ercag E. The cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of some herbal teas. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2006; 57(5-6): 292-304.
  • Prieto P, Pineda M, Aguilar M. Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: specific application to the determination of vitamin E. Analytical biochemistry. 1999; 269(2): 337-41.
  • Dinis TCP, Madeira VMC, Almeida LM. Action of Phenolic Derivatives (Acetaminophen, Salicylate, and 5-Aminosalicylate) as Inhibitors of Membrane Lipid-Peroxidation and as Peroxyl Radical Scavengers. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 1994; 315(1): 161-9.
  • Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Andres V, Jr., Feather-Stone RM. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem Pharmacol. 1961; 7: 88-95.
  • Palanisamy UD, Ling LT, Manaharan T, Appleton D. Rapid isolation of geraniin from Nephelium lappaceum rind waste and its anti-hyperglycemic activity. Food Chem. 2011; 127(1): 21-7.
  • Orhan IE, Senol FS, Gulpinar AR, Sekeroglu N, Kartal M, Sener B. Neuroprotective potential of some terebinth coffee brands and the unprocessed fruits of Pistacia terebinthus L. and their fatty and essential oil analyses. Food Chem. 2012; 130(4): 882-8.
  • Dean BJ, Brooks TM, Hodsonwalker G, Hutson DH. Genetic Toxicology Testing of 41 Industrial-Chemicals. Mutat Res. 1985; 153(1-2): 57-77.
  • Maron DM, Ames BN. Revised Methods for the Salmonella Mutagenicity Test. Mutat Res. 1983; 113(3-4): 173-215.
  • Uysal A, Lazarova I, Zengin G, Gunes E, Aktumsek A, Gevrenova R. New Perspectives on Asphodeline lutea from Bulgaria and Turkey: Anti-mutagenic, Anti-microbial and Anti-methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Activity. Brit J Pharm Res. 2016; 10(3).
  • Negi PS, Jayaprakasha GK, Jena BS. Antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of pomegranate peel extracts. Food Chem. 2003; 80(3): 393-7.
  • Šamec D, Valek-Žulj L, Martinez S, Grúz J, Piljac A, Piljac-Žegarac J. Phenolic acids significantly contribute to antioxidant potency of Gynostemma pentaphyllum aqueous and methanol extracts. Industrial Crops and Products. 2016; 84: 104-7.
  • Yasir M, Sultana B, Nigam PS, Owusu-Apenten R. Antioxidant and genoprotective activity of selected cucurbitaceae seed extracts and LC-ESIMS/MS identification of phenolic components. Food Chem. 2016; 199: 307-13.
  • Aktumsek A, Zengin G, Guler GO, Cakmak YS, Duran A. Antioxidant potentials and anticholinesterase activities of methanolic and aqueous extracts of three endemic Centaurea L. species. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013; 55: 290-6.
  • Zengin G, Cakmak YS, Guler GO, Aktumsek A. In vitro antioxidant capacities and fatty acid compositions of three Centaurea species collected from Central Anatolia region of Turkey. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010; 48(10): 2638-41.
  • Zengin G, Guler GO, Cakmak YS, Aktumsek A. Antioxidant capacity and fatty acid profile of Centaurea kotschyi (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hayek var. persica (Boiss.) Wagenitz from Turkey. Grasas Y Aceites. 2011; 62(1): 90-5.
  • Akkari H, Hajaji S, B’chir F, Rekik M, Gharbi M. Correlation of polyphenolic content with radical-scavenging capacity and anthelmintic effects of Rubus ulmifolius (Rosaceae) against Haemonchus contortus. Veterinary Parasitology. 2016; 221: 46-53.
  • Kolniak-Ostek J. Chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of different anatomical parts of pear (Pyrus communis L.). Food Chem. 2016; 203: 491-7.
  • Tekeli Y, Sezgin M, Aktumsek A. Antioxidant property of Centaurea solstitialis L. from Konya, Turkey. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 2008; 20(6): 4831-5.
  • Tepe B, Sokmen M, Akpulat HA, Yumrutas O, Sokmen A. Screening of antioxidative properties of the methanolic extracts of Pelargonium endlicherianum Fenzl., Verbascum wiedemannianum Fisch. & Mey., Sideritis libanotica Labill. subsp. linearis (Bentham) Borm., Centaurea mucronifera DC. and Hieracium cappadocicum Freyn from Turkish flora. Food Chem. 2006; 98(1): 9-13.
  • Zengin G, Aktumsek A, Guler GO, Cakmak YS, Kan Y. Composition of essential oil and antioxidant capacity of Centaurea drabifolia Sm. subsp detonsa (Bornm.) Wagenitz, endemic to Turkey. Natural Product Research. 2012; 26(1): 1-10.
  • Marathe SA, Rajalakshmi V, Jamdar SN, Sharma A. Comparative study on antioxidant activity of different varieties of commonly consumed legumes in India. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011; 49(9): 2005-12.
  • Wang T, Jonsdottir R, Olafsdottir G. Total phenolic compounds, radical scavenging and metal chelation of extracts from Icelandic seaweeds. Food Chem. 2009; 116(1): 240-8.
  • Aktumsek A, Zengin G, Guler GO, Cakmak YS, Duran A. Screening for in vitro antioxidant properties and fatty acid profiles of five Centaurea L. species from Turkey flora. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011; 49(11): 2914-20.
  • Association As. 2014 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimer's & Dementia. 2014; 10(2): e47-e92.
  • Whiting DR, Guariguata L, Weil C, Shaw J. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pr. 2011; 94(3): 311-21.
  • Murray AP, Faraoni MB, Castro MJ, Alza NP, Cavallaro V. Natural AChE Inhibitors from Plants and their Contribution to Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2013; 11(4): 388-413.
  • Etxeberria U, de la Garza AL, Campion J, Martinez JA, Milagro FI. Antidiabetic effects of natural plant extracts via inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolysis enzymes with emphasis on pancreatic alpha amylase. Expert Opin Ther Tar. 2012; 16(3): 269-97.
  • Kim YJ, Uyama H. Tyrosinase inhibitors from natural and synthetic sources: structure, inhibition mechanism and perspective for the future. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2005; 62(15): 1707-23.
  • Bhat M, Zinjarde SS, Bhargava SY, Kumar AR, Joshi BN. Antidiabetic Indian Plants: A Good Source of Potent Amylase Inhibitors. Evid-Based Compl Alt. 2011: 1-6.
  • Gulacti T, Kusman T. Lamiaceae Family Plants as a Potential Anticholinesterase Source in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Bezmialem Science. 2014; 1: 1-25.
  • Kamagaju L, Morandini R, Bizuru E, Nyetera P, Nduwayezu JB, Stevigny C, et al. Tyrosinase modulation by five Rwandese herbal medicines traditionally used for skin treatment. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2013; 146(3): 824-34.
  • Ertas A, Goren AC, Boga M, Demirci S, Kolak U. Chemical Composition of The Essential Oils of Three Centaurea Species Growing Wild in Anatolia and Their Anticholinesterase Activities. J Essent Oil Bear Pl. 2014; 17(5): 922-6.
  • Ozsoy N, Kultur S, Yilmaz-Ozden T, Celik BO, Can A, Melikoglu G. Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and Antimicrobial Activities of Turkish Endemic Centaurea Antiochia Var-Praealta. J Food Biochem. 2015; 39(6): 771-6.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ahmet Uysal

Gokhan Zengin

Yusuf Durak

Abdurrahman Aktumsek

Publication Date March 28, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 20 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Uysal, A., Zengin, G., Durak, Y., Aktumsek, A. (2016). Screening for antioxidant and antimutagenic properties of extracts from Centaurea pterocaula as well as theirs enzyme inhibitory potentials. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, 20(3), 232-242. https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.20162094922
AMA Uysal A, Zengin G, Durak Y, Aktumsek A. Screening for antioxidant and antimutagenic properties of extracts from Centaurea pterocaula as well as theirs enzyme inhibitory potentials. Marmara Pharm J. May 2016;20(3):232-242. doi:10.12991/mpj.20162094922
Chicago Uysal, Ahmet, Gokhan Zengin, Yusuf Durak, and Abdurrahman Aktumsek. “Screening for Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Properties of Extracts from Centaurea Pterocaula As Well As Theirs Enzyme Inhibitory Potentials”. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal 20, no. 3 (May 2016): 232-42. https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.20162094922.
EndNote Uysal A, Zengin G, Durak Y, Aktumsek A (May 1, 2016) Screening for antioxidant and antimutagenic properties of extracts from Centaurea pterocaula as well as theirs enzyme inhibitory potentials. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal 20 3 232–242.
IEEE A. Uysal, G. Zengin, Y. Durak, and A. Aktumsek, “Screening for antioxidant and antimutagenic properties of extracts from Centaurea pterocaula as well as theirs enzyme inhibitory potentials”, Marmara Pharm J, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 232–242, 2016, doi: 10.12991/mpj.20162094922.
ISNAD Uysal, Ahmet et al. “Screening for Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Properties of Extracts from Centaurea Pterocaula As Well As Theirs Enzyme Inhibitory Potentials”. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal 20/3 (May 2016), 232-242. https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.20162094922.
JAMA Uysal A, Zengin G, Durak Y, Aktumsek A. Screening for antioxidant and antimutagenic properties of extracts from Centaurea pterocaula as well as theirs enzyme inhibitory potentials. Marmara Pharm J. 2016;20:232–242.
MLA Uysal, Ahmet et al. “Screening for Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Properties of Extracts from Centaurea Pterocaula As Well As Theirs Enzyme Inhibitory Potentials”. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, vol. 20, no. 3, 2016, pp. 232-4, doi:10.12991/mpj.20162094922.
Vancouver Uysal A, Zengin G, Durak Y, Aktumsek A. Screening for antioxidant and antimutagenic properties of extracts from Centaurea pterocaula as well as theirs enzyme inhibitory potentials. Marmara Pharm J. 2016;20(3):232-4.