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Updated molecular characterization of Orf virus in Türkiye

Year 2023, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 375 - 382, 30.09.2023

Abstract

Orf (ORFV) virus is endemic in sheep and goats in Türkiye and detected with increasing incidence in Spring. Despite this significant prevalence rate of ORFV, a few molecular characterization studies have been conducted in Türkiye and all of them have focused on only B2L gene region so far. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular characterization of different gene regions of ORFV isolated from field studies. In the study, partial genome sequencing of different gene regions (B2L, F1L and VIR) of positive ORFV isolates detected by real-time PCR from seven sheep with suspected Orf in 2018-2020 were performed. Molecular characterizations were determined by bioinformatics studies. After the molecular and in-silico processes, we found remarkable diversification in the evaluation of each gene region. This result showed that different variants are more likely to have circulated in different parts of the Türkiye. When the study is evaluated as a whole, it is thought that the F1L gene region should be considered in addition to the B2L gene region in molecular studies. Molecular data of ORFV should be updated and followed to provide the best efficiency of the prevention and control strategy.

Supporting Institution

Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, İzmir/Bornova Veteriner Kontrol Enstitüsü

Thanks

We thank the authorities of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry for providing us facilities to our scientific research.

References

  • Abdullah, A.A., Ismail, M.F.B., Balakrishnan, K.N., Bala, J.A., Hani, H., Abba, Y., Awang Isa, M.K., Abdullah, F.F.J., Arshad, S.S., Nazariah, Z.A., Abdullah, R., Mustapha, N.M., Mohd-Lila, M.-A. (2015). Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of caprine Orf virus in Malaysia. VirusDisease, 26, 255–259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-015-0278-4
  • Abrahão, J.S., Campos, R.K., Trindade, G.S., Guedes, M.I.M., Lobato, Z.I.P., Mazur, C., Ferreira, P.C.P., Bonjardim, C.A., Kroon, E.G. (2009). Detection and phylogenetic analysis of Orf virus from sheep in Brazil: a case report. Virology Journal, 6, 47. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-6-47
  • Akkutay-Yoldar, Z., Oguzoglu, T.C., Akça, Y. (2016). Diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of orf virus in Aleppo and Saanen goats from an outbreak in Türkiye. Virologica Sinica, 31, 270–273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12250-015-3684-2
  • Bora, D.P., Venkatesan, G., Bhanuprakash, V., Balamurugan, V., Prabhu, M., Sankar, M.S., ve Yogisharadhya, R. (2011). TaqMan real-time PCR assay based on DNA polymerase gene for rapid detection of Orf infection. Journal of Virological Methods, 178 (1-2), 249-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.09.005
  • Delhon, G., Tulman, E.R., Afonso, C.L., Lu, Z., de la Concha-Bermejillo, A., Lehmkuhl, H.D., Piccone, M.E., Kutish, G.F., Rock, D.L. (2004). Genomes of the parapoxviruses ORF virus and bovine papular stomatitis virus. Journal of Virology, 78, 168–177. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.78.1.168-177.2004
  • Fleming, S. B., Mercer, A. A. (2007). Genus parapoxvirus in Poxviruses, 127-165. Birkhäuser Basel.
  • Hautaniemi, M., Ueda, N., Tuimala, J., Mercer, A.A., Lahdenperä, J., McInnes, C.J. (2010). The genome of pseudocowpoxvirus: comparison of a reindeer isolate and a reference strain. Journal of General Virology, 91, 1560–1576. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.018374-0
  • Hosamani, M., Bhanuprakash, V., Scagliarini, A., Singh, R.K. (2006). Comparative sequence analysis of major envelope protein gene (B2L) of Indian orf viruses isolated from sheep and goats. Veterinary Microbiology, 116, 317–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.04.028
  • Karakas, A., Oguzoglu, T.C., Coskun, O., Artuk, C., Mert, G., Gul, H.C., Sener, K., Özkul, A. (2013). First molecular characterization of a Turkish orf virus strain from a human based on a partial B2L sequence. Archives of Virology, 158, 1105–1108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-012-1575-5
  • Kottaridi, C., Nomikou, K., Teodori, L., Savini, G., Lelli, R., Markoulatos, P., Mangana, O. (2006). Phylogenetic correlation of Greek and Italian orf virus isolates based on VIR gene. Veterinary Microbiology, 116, 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.04.020
  • Kumar, N., Wadhwa, A., Chaubey, K.K., Singh, S.V., Gupta, S., Sharma, S., Sharma, D.K., Singh, M.K., Mishra, A.K. (2014). Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of an orf virus from sheep in Makhdoom, India. Virus Genes, 48, 312–319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-013-1025-9
  • Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C., & Tamura, K. (2018). MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35, 1547-1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
  • McGuire, M.J., Johnston, S.A., Sykes, K.F. (2012). Novel immune-modulator identified by a rapid, functional screen of the parapoxvirus ovis (Orf virus) genome. Proteome Science, 10, 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-5956-10-4
  • Nettleton, P. F., Brebner, J., Pow, I., Gilray, J. A., Bell, G. D., Reid, H. W. (1996). Tissue culture‐propagated orf virus vaccine protects lambs from orf virus challenge. Veterinary record, 138(8), 184-186. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.138.8.184
  • Peralta, A., Robles, C.A., Micheluod, J.F., Rossanigo, C.E., Martinez, A., Carosio, A., König, G.A. (2018). Phylogenetic analysis of ORF viruses from five contagious ecthyma outbreaks in Argentinian goats. Frontiers in veterinary science, 5, 134 https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00134 ICTV.(2020).https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202204780. EC 52, Online meeting, October 2020 [Accessed 23.08.2023].
  • Rziha, H.-J., Henkel, M., Cottone, R., Meyer, M., Dehio, C., Büttner, M. (1999). Parapoxviruses: potential alternative vectors for directing the immune response in permissive and non-permissive hosts. Journal of Biotechnology, 73, 235–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1656(99)00141-8
  • Rziha, H.-J., Rohde, J., Amann, R. (2016). Generation and selection of Orf virus (ORFV) recombinants. Vaccine Technologies for Veterinary Viral Diseases: Methods and Protocols, 1349, 177–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3008-1_12
  • Scagliarini, A., Gallina, L., Dal Pozzo, F., Battilani, M., Ciulli, S., Prosperi, S. (2004). Heparin binding activity of orf virus F1L protein. Virus Research, 105, 107–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2004.04.018
  • Şevik, M. (2017). Association of two clusters of Orf virus isolates in outbreaks of infection in goat in the Central Anatolian region of Türkiye. VirusDisease, 28, 345–348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-017-0392-6
  • Şevik, M. (2019). Orf virus circulation in cattle in Türkiye. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 65, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2019.03.013
  • Spyrou, V., Valiakos, G. (2015). Orf virus infection in sheep or goats. Veterinary Microbiology, 181, 178–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.08.010
  • TÜİK. (2020). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Animal-Production-Statistics-June-2020-33874. [Accessed 20.05.2021].
  • Yang, H., Meng, Q., Qiao, J., Peng, Y., Xie, K., Liu, Y., Zhao, H., Cai, X., Chen, C. (2014). Detection of genetic variations in Orf virus isolates epidemic in Xinjiang China: Detection of genetic variations in Orf virus. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 54, 1273–1278. https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.201300911
  • Yogisharadhya, R., Bhanuprakash, V., Kumar, A., Mondal, M., Shivachandra, S.B. (2018). Comparative sequence and structural analysis of Indian orf viruses based on major envelope immuno-dominant protein (F1L), an homologue of pox viral p35/H3 protein. Gene, 663, 72–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.026
  • Yu, Y., Duan, X., Liu, Y., Ma, J., Song, B., Lian, Z., Cui, Y. (2020). Laboratory diagnosis of a NZ7-like Orf virus infection and pathogen genetic characterization, particularly in the VEGF gene. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7, 538. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00538
  • Zhao, K., He, W., Gao, W., Lu, H., Han, T., Li, J., Zhang, X., Zhang, B., Wang, G., Su, G., Zhao, Z., Song, D., Gao, F. (2011). Orf virus DNA vaccines expressing ORFV 011 and ORFV 059 chimeric protein enhances immunogenicity. Virology Journal, 8, 562. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-8-562

Türkiye’de Orf virusunun güncellenmiş moleküler karakterizasyonu

Year 2023, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 375 - 382, 30.09.2023

Abstract

Orf virusu Türkiye'de koyun ve keçilerde endemiktir ve ilkbaharda artan oranlarda tespit edilmektedir. ORFV'nun ülkedeki bu önemli prevalans oranına rağmen, Türkiye'de bugüne kadar birkaç moleküler karakterizasyon çalışması yapılmış ve hepsi sadece B2L gen bölgesine odaklanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı saha çalışmalarında izole edilen ORFV’nun farklı gen bölgelerinin moleküler karakterizasyonlarının belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada, 2018-2020 yıllarında Orf şüpheli yedi adet koyundan real-time PCR ile izole edilen pozitif ORFV izolatlarına ait farklı gen bölgelerinin (B2L, F1L ve VIR) kısmi genom dizilemesi yapıldı. Biyoenformatik çalışmalar ile moleküler karakterizasyonları belirlenerek GenBank'ta bulunan izolatlarla ilişkileri değerlendirildi. Moleküler ve in-siliko çalışmalardan sonra, her bir gen bölgesinin değerlendirilmesinde dikkate değer bir çeşitlilik tespit edildi. Bu sonuçlar, farklı varyantların ülkenin farklı bölgelerinde dolaşıma girmiş olma olasılığının yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Çalışma bir bütün olarak değerlendirildiğinde, moleküler çalışmalarda B2L gen bölgesinin yanı sıra F1L gen bölgesinin de dikkate alınması gerektiği düşünülmektedir. Hastalıkla ilgili korunma ve kontrol stratejisinin en iyi verimini sağlamak amacıyla ORFV'nun moleküler verileri güncellenmeli ve takip edilmelidir.

References

  • Abdullah, A.A., Ismail, M.F.B., Balakrishnan, K.N., Bala, J.A., Hani, H., Abba, Y., Awang Isa, M.K., Abdullah, F.F.J., Arshad, S.S., Nazariah, Z.A., Abdullah, R., Mustapha, N.M., Mohd-Lila, M.-A. (2015). Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of caprine Orf virus in Malaysia. VirusDisease, 26, 255–259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-015-0278-4
  • Abrahão, J.S., Campos, R.K., Trindade, G.S., Guedes, M.I.M., Lobato, Z.I.P., Mazur, C., Ferreira, P.C.P., Bonjardim, C.A., Kroon, E.G. (2009). Detection and phylogenetic analysis of Orf virus from sheep in Brazil: a case report. Virology Journal, 6, 47. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-6-47
  • Akkutay-Yoldar, Z., Oguzoglu, T.C., Akça, Y. (2016). Diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of orf virus in Aleppo and Saanen goats from an outbreak in Türkiye. Virologica Sinica, 31, 270–273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12250-015-3684-2
  • Bora, D.P., Venkatesan, G., Bhanuprakash, V., Balamurugan, V., Prabhu, M., Sankar, M.S., ve Yogisharadhya, R. (2011). TaqMan real-time PCR assay based on DNA polymerase gene for rapid detection of Orf infection. Journal of Virological Methods, 178 (1-2), 249-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.09.005
  • Delhon, G., Tulman, E.R., Afonso, C.L., Lu, Z., de la Concha-Bermejillo, A., Lehmkuhl, H.D., Piccone, M.E., Kutish, G.F., Rock, D.L. (2004). Genomes of the parapoxviruses ORF virus and bovine papular stomatitis virus. Journal of Virology, 78, 168–177. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.78.1.168-177.2004
  • Fleming, S. B., Mercer, A. A. (2007). Genus parapoxvirus in Poxviruses, 127-165. Birkhäuser Basel.
  • Hautaniemi, M., Ueda, N., Tuimala, J., Mercer, A.A., Lahdenperä, J., McInnes, C.J. (2010). The genome of pseudocowpoxvirus: comparison of a reindeer isolate and a reference strain. Journal of General Virology, 91, 1560–1576. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.018374-0
  • Hosamani, M., Bhanuprakash, V., Scagliarini, A., Singh, R.K. (2006). Comparative sequence analysis of major envelope protein gene (B2L) of Indian orf viruses isolated from sheep and goats. Veterinary Microbiology, 116, 317–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.04.028
  • Karakas, A., Oguzoglu, T.C., Coskun, O., Artuk, C., Mert, G., Gul, H.C., Sener, K., Özkul, A. (2013). First molecular characterization of a Turkish orf virus strain from a human based on a partial B2L sequence. Archives of Virology, 158, 1105–1108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-012-1575-5
  • Kottaridi, C., Nomikou, K., Teodori, L., Savini, G., Lelli, R., Markoulatos, P., Mangana, O. (2006). Phylogenetic correlation of Greek and Italian orf virus isolates based on VIR gene. Veterinary Microbiology, 116, 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.04.020
  • Kumar, N., Wadhwa, A., Chaubey, K.K., Singh, S.V., Gupta, S., Sharma, S., Sharma, D.K., Singh, M.K., Mishra, A.K. (2014). Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of an orf virus from sheep in Makhdoom, India. Virus Genes, 48, 312–319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-013-1025-9
  • Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C., & Tamura, K. (2018). MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35, 1547-1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
  • McGuire, M.J., Johnston, S.A., Sykes, K.F. (2012). Novel immune-modulator identified by a rapid, functional screen of the parapoxvirus ovis (Orf virus) genome. Proteome Science, 10, 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-5956-10-4
  • Nettleton, P. F., Brebner, J., Pow, I., Gilray, J. A., Bell, G. D., Reid, H. W. (1996). Tissue culture‐propagated orf virus vaccine protects lambs from orf virus challenge. Veterinary record, 138(8), 184-186. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.138.8.184
  • Peralta, A., Robles, C.A., Micheluod, J.F., Rossanigo, C.E., Martinez, A., Carosio, A., König, G.A. (2018). Phylogenetic analysis of ORF viruses from five contagious ecthyma outbreaks in Argentinian goats. Frontiers in veterinary science, 5, 134 https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00134 ICTV.(2020).https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202204780. EC 52, Online meeting, October 2020 [Accessed 23.08.2023].
  • Rziha, H.-J., Henkel, M., Cottone, R., Meyer, M., Dehio, C., Büttner, M. (1999). Parapoxviruses: potential alternative vectors for directing the immune response in permissive and non-permissive hosts. Journal of Biotechnology, 73, 235–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1656(99)00141-8
  • Rziha, H.-J., Rohde, J., Amann, R. (2016). Generation and selection of Orf virus (ORFV) recombinants. Vaccine Technologies for Veterinary Viral Diseases: Methods and Protocols, 1349, 177–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3008-1_12
  • Scagliarini, A., Gallina, L., Dal Pozzo, F., Battilani, M., Ciulli, S., Prosperi, S. (2004). Heparin binding activity of orf virus F1L protein. Virus Research, 105, 107–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2004.04.018
  • Şevik, M. (2017). Association of two clusters of Orf virus isolates in outbreaks of infection in goat in the Central Anatolian region of Türkiye. VirusDisease, 28, 345–348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-017-0392-6
  • Şevik, M. (2019). Orf virus circulation in cattle in Türkiye. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 65, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2019.03.013
  • Spyrou, V., Valiakos, G. (2015). Orf virus infection in sheep or goats. Veterinary Microbiology, 181, 178–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.08.010
  • TÜİK. (2020). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Animal-Production-Statistics-June-2020-33874. [Accessed 20.05.2021].
  • Yang, H., Meng, Q., Qiao, J., Peng, Y., Xie, K., Liu, Y., Zhao, H., Cai, X., Chen, C. (2014). Detection of genetic variations in Orf virus isolates epidemic in Xinjiang China: Detection of genetic variations in Orf virus. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 54, 1273–1278. https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.201300911
  • Yogisharadhya, R., Bhanuprakash, V., Kumar, A., Mondal, M., Shivachandra, S.B. (2018). Comparative sequence and structural analysis of Indian orf viruses based on major envelope immuno-dominant protein (F1L), an homologue of pox viral p35/H3 protein. Gene, 663, 72–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.026
  • Yu, Y., Duan, X., Liu, Y., Ma, J., Song, B., Lian, Z., Cui, Y. (2020). Laboratory diagnosis of a NZ7-like Orf virus infection and pathogen genetic characterization, particularly in the VEGF gene. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7, 538. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00538
  • Zhao, K., He, W., Gao, W., Lu, H., Han, T., Li, J., Zhang, X., Zhang, B., Wang, G., Su, G., Zhao, Z., Song, D., Gao, F. (2011). Orf virus DNA vaccines expressing ORFV 011 and ORFV 059 chimeric protein enhances immunogenicity. Virology Journal, 8, 562. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-8-562
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Sciences
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Murat Kaplan 0000-0002-2634-6478

Bahattin Taylan Koç 0000-0002-4279-6233

Kemal Pekmez 0000-0001-7077-6582

Abdurrahman Anıl Çağırgan 0000-0001-7766-3150

Fatih Arslan 0000-0002-6706-3650

Publication Date September 30, 2023
Acceptance Date September 13, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 16 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kaplan, M., Koç, B. T., Pekmez, K., Çağırgan, A. A., et al. (2023). Updated molecular characterization of Orf virus in Türkiye. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 16(3), 375-382.
AMA Kaplan M, Koç BT, Pekmez K, Çağırgan AA, Arslan F. Updated molecular characterization of Orf virus in Türkiye. kvj. September 2023;16(3):375-382.
Chicago Kaplan, Murat, Bahattin Taylan Koç, Kemal Pekmez, Abdurrahman Anıl Çağırgan, and Fatih Arslan. “Updated Molecular Characterization of Orf Virus in Türkiye”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 16, no. 3 (September 2023): 375-82.
EndNote Kaplan M, Koç BT, Pekmez K, Çağırgan AA, Arslan F (September 1, 2023) Updated molecular characterization of Orf virus in Türkiye. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 16 3 375–382.
IEEE M. Kaplan, B. T. Koç, K. Pekmez, A. A. Çağırgan, and F. Arslan, “Updated molecular characterization of Orf virus in Türkiye”, kvj, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 375–382, 2023.
ISNAD Kaplan, Murat et al. “Updated Molecular Characterization of Orf Virus in Türkiye”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 16/3 (September 2023), 375-382.
JAMA Kaplan M, Koç BT, Pekmez K, Çağırgan AA, Arslan F. Updated molecular characterization of Orf virus in Türkiye. kvj. 2023;16:375–382.
MLA Kaplan, Murat et al. “Updated Molecular Characterization of Orf Virus in Türkiye”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, vol. 16, no. 3, 2023, pp. 375-82.
Vancouver Kaplan M, Koç BT, Pekmez K, Çağırgan AA, Arslan F. Updated molecular characterization of Orf virus in Türkiye. kvj. 2023;16(3):375-82.

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