Research Article
Investigation of Theileria equi, Babesia caballi, Neospora spp. and Toxoplasma gondii by Serological Methods in Horse Breed for Touristic Purpose in Nevşehir Province
Abstract
Protozoan diseases cause deaths in horses and serious economic losses. Some of them have zoonotic potential and are important for public health. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of tissue (Neospora spp. and Toxoplasma gondii) and blood (Theileria equi and Babesia caballi) protozoa of horses, raised for touristic purposes, in the Nevşehir provice Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. For this aim, a total of 105 blood samples were collected from female horses from various breeds between the ages of 3-24 in Nevşehir province. Sera samples were tested against anti-Neospora spp., T.equi and B.caballi antibodies with c-ELISA method, while Sabin Feldman Dye Test was used for the detection of anti-T.gondii antibodies. At the end of the serologic examination, it was determined that two of 105 (1.90%) horses had anti-Neospora spp.; nine (8.57%) had anti-T.gondii; two (1.90%) had anti-B.caballi and 77 (73.33%) had anti-T.equi antibodies. Mixed infections were also detected in one horse (0.95%) caused by T.equi, B.caballi and T.gondii, one (0.95%) by T.equi and B.caballi, two (1.90%) by Neospora spp. and T.equi and in six horses (5.71%) by T.gondii and T.equi. There was no statistically significant difference between the age groups and Neospora spp., T. gondii and B.caballi seropositivity, while high T.equi seroprevalence was found to be significant in horses over 7 years old with the chi-square test. With this study, it was set forth that the exposure rate to T.equi in horses in Nevşehir province in the Central Anatolia region is quite high; also the prevalence increases with age, and protozoal mixed infections are likely to occur, which should not be ignored in treatment.
Keywords
References
- Acici M, Umur S, Guvenc T, Arslan HH, Kurt M. Seroprevalence of equine babesiosis in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Parasitol Int. 2008; 57(2): 198-200.
- Akca A, Babur C, Arslan MO, Gicik Y, Kara M, Kilic S. Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in horses in the province of Kars, Turkey. Vet Med, 2004; 49(1), 9-13.
- Akkan HA, Karaca M, Tutuncu M, Deger S, Keles I, Agaoglu Z. Serologic and microscopic studies on babesiosis in horses in the eastern border of Turkey. J Equine Vet Sci. 2003; 5(23): 181-183.
- Akkoyun Z, Oguz B. Seroprevalance of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in Horses of Mus Provice, Turkey. Alex J Vet Sci. 2019; 60(1): 22-29.
- Aktaş M, Babür C, Köroğlu E, Dumanlı N. Sultansuyu Tarım işletmesi atlarında anti-Toxoplasma gondii antikorlarının Sabin-Feldman boya testi ile belirlenmesi. FÜ Sağlık Bil Derg. 1999; 13(2): 89-91.
- Balkaya I, Erdogmus SZ. Investigation of prevalence of Babesia equi (Laveran, 1901) and Babesia caballi (Nuttall, 1910) in horses by serological methods in Elazig and Malatya province. Firat Uni J Health. 2006a; 20(1): 61-63.
- Balkaya I, Erdogmus SZ. Prevalence of Babesia equi and Babesia caballi in horses by serological methods in the Mediterranean sea and the Black sea regions of Turkey. J Anim Vet Adv. 2006b; 5(2): 168-171.
- Bártová E, Sedlák K, Syrová M, Literák I. Neospora spp. and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in horses in the Czech Republic. Parasitol Res. 2010; 107(4): 783-785.
- Dubey JP. Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans. 2nd Ed. CRC press. Taylor & Francis Group. New York, USA. 2016.
- Dubey JP, Hemphill A, Calero-Bernal R, Schares G. Neosporosis in animals. 1st Ed. CRC press. Taylor & Francis Group. New York, USA. 2017.
- Gazyağci S, Macun HC, Babür C. Investigation of seroprevalance of toxoplasmosis in mares and stallions in Ankara province, Turkey. Iranian J Vet Res. 2011; 12(4): 354-356.
- Göz Y, Babür C, Aydin A, Kılıc S. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis, brucellosis and listeriosis in horses in Hakkari, eastern region of Turkey. Rev Med Vet. 2007; 158 (11): 534-539.
- Güçlü Z, Karaer Z, Babür C, Kiliç S. Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sport horses bred in Ankara province. Türkiye Parazitol Derg. 2007; 31 (4): 264-267.
- İnci A, Babür C, Aydın N, Çam Y. Kayseri yöresinde tektırnaklılarda (at, eşek ve katır) Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle ve Manceaux, 1908) ve Listeria monocytogenes’in seroprevalansı üzerine araştırmalar. FÜ Sağ Bil Derg. 2002; 16 (2): 181 – 185.
- Karatepe B, Babür C, Karatepe M, Kılıç S. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in horses in Niğde Province of Turkey. Trop Anim Health and Prod. 2010; 42(3): 385-389.
- Karatepe B, Karatepe M, Çakmak A, Karaer Z, Ergün G. Investigation of seroprevalence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in horses in Nigde province, Turkey. Trop Anim Health and Prod. 2009, 41(1): 109-113.
- Karatepe M, Karatepe B. Niğde Yöresinde Atlarda Neospora spp. Seroprevalansının Araştırılması. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2012; 18(Suppl-A): A39-A42.
- Kilbaş Z, Adanir R, Avcioglu H. Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in racehorses in Ankara, Turkey. Acta Parasitol. 2008; 53(3): 315-316.
- Knowles Jr D. Equine babesiosis (piroplasmosis): a problem in the international movement of horses. Br Vet J. 1996; 152(2): 123-126.
- Kurt C, Yaman M. Adana Yöresi Atlarında Babesia equi ve Babesia caballi'nin Yayılışının Mikroskobik ve Serolojik (cELİSA) Yöntemlerle Araştırılması. YYÜ Vet Fak Derg. 2012; 23(1): 1-4.
- Marsh AE, Barr BC, Packham AE, Conrad PA. Description of a new neospora species (Protozoa: apicomplexa: sarcocystidae). J Parasitol. 1998; 84(5): 983-991.
- Miao Q, Wang X, She LN, Fan YT, Yuan FZ, Yang JF, Zhu XQ, Zou FC. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in horses and donkeys in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China. Parasit Vectors. 2013; 6(168): 1-5.
- World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Equine piroplasmosis, https://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/3.05.08_EQUINE_PIROPLASMOSIS.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 28.09.2021. 2018.
- Onyiche TE, Taioe MO, Molefe NI, Biu AA, Luka J, Omeh IJ, Yokoyama N, Thekisoe O. Equine piroplasmosis: An insight into global exposure of equids from 1990 to 2019 by systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasitology. 2020; 147(13): 1411-1424.
- Öncel T, Vural G, Gicik Y, Arslan MO. Detection of Babesia (Theileria) equi (Laveran, 1901) in horses in the Kars province of Turkey. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2007; 31(3): 170-2.
- Sarı B, Kırmızıgül AH, Deniz A, Taşçı GT. Kars ve Ardahan yöresinde kış mevsiminde atlarda Babesia caballi ve Theileria equi’nin seroprevalansı. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2010; 16(4): 657-661.
- Sevgili M, Babür C, Gökçen A, Nalbantoğlu S. Seroprevalance of Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle and Manceaux, 1908) in thoroughbred Arabian mares as detected by Sabin-Feldman dye test in Şanlıurfa. FÜ Sağ Bil Derg. 2004; 18(1): 21-23.
- Sevgili M, Şahin T, Çimtay İ, Çetin H, Keskin O, Gökçen A. Şanlıurfa yöresi safkan arap kısraklarında Neospora caninum antikorlarının belirlenmesi. YYÜ Vet Fak Derg. 2003; 14(2): 15-17.
- Sevinc F, Maden M, Kumas C, Sevinc M, Ekici OD. A comparative study on the prevalence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi infections in horse sub-populations in Turkey. Vet Parasitol. 2008; 156(3-4): 173-177.
- Taylor MA, Coop RL, Wall RL. Veterinary parasitology, 4th edn. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, England. 2016.
- Veronesi F, Diaferia M, Mandara MT, Marenzoni ML, Cittadini F, Fioretti DP. Neospora spp. infection associated with equine abortion and/or stillbirth rate. Vet Res Commun. 2008; 32(1): 223-226.
- Wise LN, Knowles DP, Rothschild CM. Piroplasmosis. In Equine infectious diseases, Ed; Sellon DC, Long MT, 2nd. Ed. Saunders Elsevier, Missouri, USA. 2014; pp. 467-475.
- World Health Organization (WHO). Toxoplasmosis: greater awareness needed. Erişim Tarihi 27.09.2021.
- Yilmaz O, Wilson RT. The domestic livestock resources of Turkey: occurrence and control of diseases of horses, donkeys and mules. J Equine Vet Sci. 2013; 33(12): 1021-1030.
- Younis EE, Abou-Zeid NZ, Zakaria M, Mahmoud MR. Epidemiological studies on toxoplasmosis in small ruminants and equine in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. Assiut Vet Med J. 2015; 61(145): 22-31.
- Zhou M, Cao S, Sevinc F, Sevinc M, Ceylan O, Liu M, Wang G, Moumouni PFA, Jirapattharasate C, Suzuki H, Nishikawa Y, Xuan X. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using recombinant TgSAG2 and NcSAG1 to detect Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum-specific antibodies in domestic animals in Turkey. J Vet Med Sci. 2016; 78(12): 1877-1881.
Nevşehir İlinde Turistik Amaçlı Yetiştirilen Atlarda Theileria equii, Babesia caballi, Neospora spp. ve Toxoplasma gondii’nin Serolojik Yöntemlerle Araştırılması
Abstract
Protozoal hastalıklar atlarda ölümlere ve ciddi ekonomik kayıplara neden olur. Bazılarının zoonotik potansiyelleri ise halk sağlığı açısından önem arz eder. Bu çalışmanın amacı Nevşehir ilinde turistik amaçlarla yetiştirilen atlarda doku (Neospora spp. ve Toxoplasma gondii) ve kan (Theileria equi ve Babesia caballi) protozoonlarının yaygınlığını belirlemektir. Bu amaçla yaşları 3-24 arasındaki 105 dişi attan kan alınarak serumları çıkarılmıştır. Elde edilen serumlar Neospora spp., T.equi ve B.caballi antikorlarına karşı c-ELISA ve T.gondii antikorlarına karşı da Sabin-Feldman Dye testleri ile incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda 105 atın ikisinde (%1,90) anti-Neospora spp., dokuzunda (%8.57) anti-T.gondii, ikisinde (%1,90) anti-B.caballi ve 77 (%73,33)’sinde de anti-T.equi antikorları tespit edilmiştir. Atlardan birinde (%0,95) T.equi, B.caballi ve T.gondii, birinde (%0,95) T.equi ve B.caballi, ikisinde (%1,90) Neospora spp. ve T.equi ve altısında (%5,71) ise T.gondii ve T.equi’nin neden olduğu miks enfeksiyonlar belirlenmiştir. Ki-kare testi ile ≤ 7 ve >7 yaş grupları ile Neospora spp., T.gondii ve B.caballi seroprevalansları arasında istatistiksel açıdan önemli bir fark bulunmazken, 7 yaş üzerindeki atlarda yüksek T.equi seroprevalansının önemli olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışma ile İç Anadolu bölgesinde Nevşehir ilinde atlarda T.equi’ye maruziyet oranının oldukça yüksek olduğu, prevalansın yaşla birlikte arttığı, ayrıca protozoon kaynaklı miks enfeksiyonların görülebileceği ve bunun tedavide göz ardı edilmemesi gereken bir durum olduğu ortaya konmuştur.
Keywords
References
- Acici M, Umur S, Guvenc T, Arslan HH, Kurt M. Seroprevalence of equine babesiosis in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Parasitol Int. 2008; 57(2): 198-200.
- Akca A, Babur C, Arslan MO, Gicik Y, Kara M, Kilic S. Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in horses in the province of Kars, Turkey. Vet Med, 2004; 49(1), 9-13.
- Akkan HA, Karaca M, Tutuncu M, Deger S, Keles I, Agaoglu Z. Serologic and microscopic studies on babesiosis in horses in the eastern border of Turkey. J Equine Vet Sci. 2003; 5(23): 181-183.
- Akkoyun Z, Oguz B. Seroprevalance of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in Horses of Mus Provice, Turkey. Alex J Vet Sci. 2019; 60(1): 22-29.
- Aktaş M, Babür C, Köroğlu E, Dumanlı N. Sultansuyu Tarım işletmesi atlarında anti-Toxoplasma gondii antikorlarının Sabin-Feldman boya testi ile belirlenmesi. FÜ Sağlık Bil Derg. 1999; 13(2): 89-91.
- Balkaya I, Erdogmus SZ. Investigation of prevalence of Babesia equi (Laveran, 1901) and Babesia caballi (Nuttall, 1910) in horses by serological methods in Elazig and Malatya province. Firat Uni J Health. 2006a; 20(1): 61-63.
- Balkaya I, Erdogmus SZ. Prevalence of Babesia equi and Babesia caballi in horses by serological methods in the Mediterranean sea and the Black sea regions of Turkey. J Anim Vet Adv. 2006b; 5(2): 168-171.
- Bártová E, Sedlák K, Syrová M, Literák I. Neospora spp. and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in horses in the Czech Republic. Parasitol Res. 2010; 107(4): 783-785.
- Dubey JP. Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans. 2nd Ed. CRC press. Taylor & Francis Group. New York, USA. 2016.
- Dubey JP, Hemphill A, Calero-Bernal R, Schares G. Neosporosis in animals. 1st Ed. CRC press. Taylor & Francis Group. New York, USA. 2017.
- Gazyağci S, Macun HC, Babür C. Investigation of seroprevalance of toxoplasmosis in mares and stallions in Ankara province, Turkey. Iranian J Vet Res. 2011; 12(4): 354-356.
- Göz Y, Babür C, Aydin A, Kılıc S. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis, brucellosis and listeriosis in horses in Hakkari, eastern region of Turkey. Rev Med Vet. 2007; 158 (11): 534-539.
- Güçlü Z, Karaer Z, Babür C, Kiliç S. Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sport horses bred in Ankara province. Türkiye Parazitol Derg. 2007; 31 (4): 264-267.
- İnci A, Babür C, Aydın N, Çam Y. Kayseri yöresinde tektırnaklılarda (at, eşek ve katır) Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle ve Manceaux, 1908) ve Listeria monocytogenes’in seroprevalansı üzerine araştırmalar. FÜ Sağ Bil Derg. 2002; 16 (2): 181 – 185.
- Karatepe B, Babür C, Karatepe M, Kılıç S. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in horses in Niğde Province of Turkey. Trop Anim Health and Prod. 2010; 42(3): 385-389.
- Karatepe B, Karatepe M, Çakmak A, Karaer Z, Ergün G. Investigation of seroprevalence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in horses in Nigde province, Turkey. Trop Anim Health and Prod. 2009, 41(1): 109-113.
- Karatepe M, Karatepe B. Niğde Yöresinde Atlarda Neospora spp. Seroprevalansının Araştırılması. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2012; 18(Suppl-A): A39-A42.
- Kilbaş Z, Adanir R, Avcioglu H. Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in racehorses in Ankara, Turkey. Acta Parasitol. 2008; 53(3): 315-316.
- Knowles Jr D. Equine babesiosis (piroplasmosis): a problem in the international movement of horses. Br Vet J. 1996; 152(2): 123-126.
- Kurt C, Yaman M. Adana Yöresi Atlarında Babesia equi ve Babesia caballi'nin Yayılışının Mikroskobik ve Serolojik (cELİSA) Yöntemlerle Araştırılması. YYÜ Vet Fak Derg. 2012; 23(1): 1-4.
- Marsh AE, Barr BC, Packham AE, Conrad PA. Description of a new neospora species (Protozoa: apicomplexa: sarcocystidae). J Parasitol. 1998; 84(5): 983-991.
- Miao Q, Wang X, She LN, Fan YT, Yuan FZ, Yang JF, Zhu XQ, Zou FC. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in horses and donkeys in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China. Parasit Vectors. 2013; 6(168): 1-5.
- World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Equine piroplasmosis, https://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/3.05.08_EQUINE_PIROPLASMOSIS.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 28.09.2021. 2018.
- Onyiche TE, Taioe MO, Molefe NI, Biu AA, Luka J, Omeh IJ, Yokoyama N, Thekisoe O. Equine piroplasmosis: An insight into global exposure of equids from 1990 to 2019 by systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasitology. 2020; 147(13): 1411-1424.
- Öncel T, Vural G, Gicik Y, Arslan MO. Detection of Babesia (Theileria) equi (Laveran, 1901) in horses in the Kars province of Turkey. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2007; 31(3): 170-2.
- Sarı B, Kırmızıgül AH, Deniz A, Taşçı GT. Kars ve Ardahan yöresinde kış mevsiminde atlarda Babesia caballi ve Theileria equi’nin seroprevalansı. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2010; 16(4): 657-661.
- Sevgili M, Babür C, Gökçen A, Nalbantoğlu S. Seroprevalance of Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle and Manceaux, 1908) in thoroughbred Arabian mares as detected by Sabin-Feldman dye test in Şanlıurfa. FÜ Sağ Bil Derg. 2004; 18(1): 21-23.
- Sevgili M, Şahin T, Çimtay İ, Çetin H, Keskin O, Gökçen A. Şanlıurfa yöresi safkan arap kısraklarında Neospora caninum antikorlarının belirlenmesi. YYÜ Vet Fak Derg. 2003; 14(2): 15-17.
- Sevinc F, Maden M, Kumas C, Sevinc M, Ekici OD. A comparative study on the prevalence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi infections in horse sub-populations in Turkey. Vet Parasitol. 2008; 156(3-4): 173-177.
- Taylor MA, Coop RL, Wall RL. Veterinary parasitology, 4th edn. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, England. 2016.
- Veronesi F, Diaferia M, Mandara MT, Marenzoni ML, Cittadini F, Fioretti DP. Neospora spp. infection associated with equine abortion and/or stillbirth rate. Vet Res Commun. 2008; 32(1): 223-226.
- Wise LN, Knowles DP, Rothschild CM. Piroplasmosis. In Equine infectious diseases, Ed; Sellon DC, Long MT, 2nd. Ed. Saunders Elsevier, Missouri, USA. 2014; pp. 467-475.
- World Health Organization (WHO). Toxoplasmosis: greater awareness needed. Erişim Tarihi 27.09.2021.
- Yilmaz O, Wilson RT. The domestic livestock resources of Turkey: occurrence and control of diseases of horses, donkeys and mules. J Equine Vet Sci. 2013; 33(12): 1021-1030.
- Younis EE, Abou-Zeid NZ, Zakaria M, Mahmoud MR. Epidemiological studies on toxoplasmosis in small ruminants and equine in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. Assiut Vet Med J. 2015; 61(145): 22-31.
- Zhou M, Cao S, Sevinc F, Sevinc M, Ceylan O, Liu M, Wang G, Moumouni PFA, Jirapattharasate C, Suzuki H, Nishikawa Y, Xuan X. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using recombinant TgSAG2 and NcSAG1 to detect Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum-specific antibodies in domestic animals in Turkey. J Vet Med Sci. 2016; 78(12): 1877-1881.
There are 36 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Sciences |
| Journal Section | RESEARCH ARTICLE |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2022 |
| Acceptance Date | March 29, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 15 Issue: 2 |
Cite
