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Kuzularda Rasyona Yucca Schidigera Tozu Katılması ve Günlük Dozunun Rumen Fermentasyonu ile Verime Etkilerinin Araştırılması

Year 2015, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 1 - 10, 01.12.2015

Abstract

Bu araştırma, yeme ilave olarak Yucca schidigera (YS) katılması ve günlük verilme düzeyinin canlı ağırlık ve günlük canlı ağırlık artışı, rumen fermentasyonu, rumen protozoon sayısı ve kan oksidan-antioksidan dengedeki değişimler üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla planlandı. Çalışmada, 10-12 aylık yaşta toplam 30 baş Pırlak ırkı erkek tokludan yararlanıldı. Hayvanlar, 60 gün süreyle her bir grupta 10 adet toklu bulunacak şekilde biri kontrol, ikisi deneme olmak üzere toplam 3 gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubunun karma yemine herhangi bir katkı yapılmazken; deneme gruplarından I. deneme grubuna 500 mg/kg günlük, II. deneme grubuna 1500 mg/kg her 3 günde bir YS tozu katılmıştır. Toplam 60 gün süren çalışmada, hayvanlardan 30 ve 60. günlerde alınan rumen içeriği örneklerinde pH, NH3-N’u ile protozoon sayısı ve yüzde oranları; kan malodialdehid (MDA), antioksidan aktivite (AOA), superoksid dismutaz (SOD) ve katalaz düzeyleri belirlendi. YS tozunun rumen pH ve rumen protozoon sayısı ile tür dağılımlarına etkisinin olmadığı, buna karşın rumen amonyak azotu düzeyini 30. ve 60. günlerde azalttığı tespit edildi. Araştırmada, YS tozunun her iki uygulamasının da kanda MDA düzeyini düşürdüğü, AOA’yi ise artırdığı, buna karşın antioksidan enzimlerin düzeylerine etkisinin olmadığı gözlendi. Sonuç olarak; YS tozunun rumen azot metabolizmasında olumlu etkiye sahip olduğu ve serbest radikallerin verdiği zararı azaltarak hayvanların sağlıklarının korunması ve verimlerinin devamında doğal bir yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanılabileceğine işaret etmektedir.

References

  • AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemistry, 14th Ed. Inc. Arlington, Virginia. 1990.
  • Aslan R, Dundar Y, Eryavuz A, Bülbül A, Küçükkurt I, Fidan AF, Akinci Z. Effects of different dietary levels of Yucca schidigera powder (deodorase) added to diets on erformance, some hemotological and biochemical blood parameters and total antioxidant capacity of laying hens. Rev Med Vet . 2005.156:350–355
  • Ataşoğlu C, Yüksel E, Ayışığı K, Yurtman İY. Organik üretim koşullarındaki zorunluluklar açısından rumen fermantasyonunun kontrolünde yeni arayışlar. I. Uluslararası Organik Hayvansal Üretim ve Gıda Güvenliği Kongresi, Kuşadası, Türkiye, 2004.257-270.
  • Avcı G, Kontaş T, Eryavuz A, Küçükkurt İ, Fidan AF. Tavşanlarda rasyona ilave edilen farklı miktarlardaki yucca schidigera ekstraktının (De-odorase®) bazı serum makro ve mikro element düzeylerine etkisi. Fırat Üniv. Sağ. Bil. Derg. 2007. 21 (6), 257 – 262.
  • Benchaar C, McAllister TA, Chouinard PY. Digestion, ruminal fermentation, ciliate protozoal populations, and milk production from dairy cows fed cinnamaldehyde,quebracho condensed tannin, or Yucca schidigera saponin extracts. J. Dairy Sci. 2008. 91:4765–4777.
  • Beutler E. Red cell Metabolism.3rd.Ed., Orlando:Grune and Stratton. 1984.
  • Bodas R, Prieto N, Garcia-Gonzalez R, Andres S, Giraldez FJ, Lopez S. Manipulation of rumen fermentation and methane production with plant secondary metabolites. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 2012.176;78-93.
  • Bölükbaşı F. Fizyoloji Ders Kitabı (Vücut Isısı ve Sindirim), Cilt I., A.Ü. Vet. Fak. Yayınları, AÜ Basımevi, Ankara. 1989.
  • Ciftci M, Simsek UG, Yuce A,Yilmaz O, Dalkilic B. Effects of dietary antibiotic and cinnamon oil supplementation on antioxidant enzyme activities, cholesterol levels and fatty acid compositions of serum and meat in broiler chickens. Acta Vet. Brno, 2010.79, 33-40.
  • Cigerci IH, Fidan AF, Konuk M, Yuksel H, Kucukkurt I, Eryavuz A, Sozbilir NB. The protective potential of Yucca schidigera (Sarsaponin 30(A (R))) against nitrite-induced oxidative stress in rats. J. Nat.Med. 2009. 63, 311-317.
  • Draper HH, Hadley M. Malondialdehyde determination as index of lipid peroxidation. Methods Enzymol. 1990.186: 421-30.
  • Dündar Y, Aslan R. Hekimlikte Oksidatif Stres ve Antioksidanlar. AKÜ Yayınları, Yayın No, 29, Uyum Ajans, Ankara. 2000.
  • Dündar Y, Aslan R, Eryavuz A. Effects of defaunation and urea on glutathione and malondialdehyde levels in blood and rumen fluid of Ramlıç Lambs, Tr.J.Vet.Anim.Sci. 2004. 28; 265-269.
  • Eliwinski BJ, Kreuzer M, Wettstein HR, Machmüller A. Rumen fermentation and nitrogen balance of lambs fed diets containing plant extracts rich in tannins and saponins and associated emissions of nitrogen and methane. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 2002.56, 379-392.
  • Enginar H, Avci G, Eryavuz A, Kaya E, Kucukkurt I, Fidan AF. Effect of Yucca schidigera extract on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity in rabbits exposed to gamma-radiation. Rev.Med.Vet. 2006. 157; 415-419.
  • Eryavuz A. Defaunasyonun ruminantların sindirimine etkileri (Derleme). Hayv. Araş. Derg. 2000.10 (1-2); 78-84.
  • Eryavuz A. Saponinler ve ruminantlarda rumen protozoon sayısının azaltılmasında bunların kullanılması (Derleme). Hayv. Araş.Derg. 2004. 13, (1-2); 60-66.
  • Eryavuz A, Dehority BA. Effect of Yucca schidigera extract on the concentration of rumen microorganisms in sheep. Anim.Feed Sci.Technol. 2004.117 (3-4): 215-222.
  • Eryavuz A, Dundar Y, Özdemir M, Aslan R, Tekerli M. Effects of adding urea and sulfur on performance of faunate and defaunate Ramlic lambs, and some rumen and blood parameters. Anim.Feed Sci.Technol. 2003.109; 35-46.
  • Francis C, Kerem Z, Makkur HP, Becker K. The biological action of saponins in animal system: a rewiev. Brit. J. Nutr. 2002. 88, 587-605.
  • Gorgulu M, Yurtseven S, Unsal I, Kutlu HR. Effect of dietary supplemental Yucca schidigera powder on fattening performance of male lambs. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 2004. 25, 33-36.
  • Gümüş R, İmik H. Saponinlerin hayvan beslemede yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanımı. Atatürk Üni. Vet. Bil. Derg. 2012. 7(3), 221-229.
  • Hart KJ, Yanez-Ruiz DR, Duval SM, McEwan NR, Newbold CJ. Plant extracts to manipulate rumen fermentation. Anim. Feed Sci.Technol. 2008.147, 8-35.
  • Holtshausen L, Chaves AV, Beauchemin KA, McGinn SM, McAllister TA, Cheeke PR, Benchaar C. Feeding saponin-containing Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria to decrease enteric methane production in dairy cows. J.Dairy Sci. 2009. 92, 2809-2881.
  • Hristov AN, McAllister FH, Van Herk KJ, Cheng CJ, Newbold PR. Effect of Yucca schidigera on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestion in heifers, J. Anim. Sci. 1999.77 (1999), pp. 2554–2563.
  • Ivan M, Koenig KM, Teferedegne B, Newbold CJ, Entz T, Rode LM, Ibrahim M. Effect of the dietary Enterolobium cyclocarpum foliage on the population dynamics of rumen ciliate protozoa in sheep. Small Rum. Res. 2004. 52, 81-91.
  • Jouany JP, Morgavi DR. Use of 'natural' products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production. ANIMAL. 2007. 1; 1443-1466.
  • Jouany JP. Effect of rumen protozoa on nitrogen utilization by ruminants, J. Nutr. 1996.126 (1996), pp. 1335S–1346S.
  • Kaya S, Pirinçci İ. Bitkisel zehirler-Glikozidler “Saponinler”, Veteriner Hekimliğinde Toksikoloji .Medisan Yayınevi. 2.Baskı. 2002.S.325-326.
  • Khorrami B, Vakili AR, Danesh Mesgaran M, Klevenhusen F. Thyme and cinnamon essential oils: Potential alternatives for monensin as a rumen modifier in beef production systems. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2015. 200; 8-16.
  • Koracevic D, Koracevic G, Djordjevic V, Andrejevic S, Cosic V. Method fort he measurment of antioxidant activity in human fluids. J Clin Pathol. 2001. 54:356-361.
  • Lovett DK, Stack L, Lovell S, Callan J, Flynn B, Hawkins M, O’Mara FP. “Effect of feeding Yucca schidigera extract on performance of lactating dairy cows and ruminal fermentation parameters in steers”, Liv. Sci., 2006. 102;23-32.
  • Luck H. Catalase. In: Bergmeyer HU, editor. Methods in Analysis. London: Academy Press. 1955.
  • Makkar HP, Sen M, Blummel K, Becker. Effect of fractions containing saponins from Yucca schidigera, Quillaja saponaria and Acacia auriculoformis on rumen fermentation. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1998. 46:4324–4328.
  • Malik PK, Singhal KK, Deshpande SB. Effect of saponin rich lucerne fodder supplementation on rumen fermentation, bacterial and protozoal population in buffalo bulls. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 2009.79, 9: 912-916.
  • Monteny GJ, Smith MCJ, van Duinkerken G, Mollenhors H, de Boer JM. Prediction of ammonia emission from dairy barns using feed characteristics part II: Relation between urinary urea concentration and ammonia emission. J.Dairy Sci., 2002. 85; 3389-3394.
  • Nasri S, Ben Salem H, Vasta V, Abidi S, Makkar HPS, Priolo A. Effect of increasing levels of Quillaja saponaria on digestion, growth and meat quality of Barbarine lamb. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2011. 164: 71–78.
  • Newbold CJ, El SM, Hassan J, Wang ME, Ortega RJ, Wallace. Influence of foliage from African multipurpose trees on activity of rumen protozoa and bacteria, Br. J. Nutr., 1997. 78, 237–249.
  • NRC (National Research Council). Nutrients requirements of domestic animals. Nutrient requirements of sheep. 6th Ed. National Academic Sci., Washington 1985.
  • Patra AK, Saxena J. The effect and mode of action of saponins on the microbial populations and fermentation in the rumen and ruminant production. Nutr. Res. Rev. . 2009. 22, 2: 204-219.
  • Pen B, Sar B, Mwenya K, Kuwaki R, Morikawa J, Takahashi. Effects of Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria extracts on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane emission. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2006. 129:175–186.
  • Selcuk Z, Tuncer SD. The Effects of Different Levels of Yucca schidigera Added to the Lamb's Diets Containing Urea on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Some Rumen and Blood Parameters. J. Anim. Vet. 2010. Adv. 9: 4: 654-660.
  • Sliwinski BJ, M Kreuzer HR, Wettstein A, Machmuller. Rumen fermentation and nitrogen balance of lambs fed diets containing plant extracts rich in tannins and saponins, and associated emissions of nitrogen and methane. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 2002. 56:379–392.
  • Sun Y, Oberley LW, Li Y. A Simple Method for Clinical Assay of Superoxide Dismutase. Clin Chem. 1988. 34:497–500.
  • Szczechowiak J, Szumacher – Strabel M, Stochmal A, Nadolna M, Pers - Kamczyc E, Nowak A, Kowalczyk M, Cieślak A. Effect of Saponaria officinalis L. or Panax ginseng C.A Meyer triterpenoid saponins on ruminal fermentation in vitro. Ann. Anim. Sci. 2013. 13; 815–827.
  • Szumacher-Strabel M, Cieslak A. Potential of phytofactors to mitigate rumen ammonia and methane production.J. Anim Feed Sci., 2010. 19; 319-337.
  • Van Zijderveld SM, Dijkstra J, Perdok HB, Newbold JR, Gerrits WJ. “Dietary inclusion of diallyl disulfide, yucca powder, calcium fumarate, an extruded linseed product, or medium-chain fatty acids does not affect methane production in lactating dairy cows”, J Dairy Sci. 2011.94; 3094-3104
  • Wallace RJ, Arthaud CL, Newbold CJ. Influence of Yucca schidigera extract on ruminal ammonia concentrations and ruminal microorganisms. Appl. Environ. Microb. 1994.60 : 1762 1994
  • Wilson RC, Overton TR, Clark JH. Effects of Yucca schidigera extract and soluble protein on performance of cows and concentrations of urea nitrogen in plasma and milk. J. Dairy Sci., 1998.81, 1002–1027.
  • Wina E, Muetzel S, Becker K. The impact of saponins or saponin-containing plant materials on ruminant production-A review. J.Agric.Food Chem., 2005.53; 8093-8105.
  • Wina E, Muetzel S, Becker K. The dynamics of major fibrolytic microbes and enzyme activity in the rumen in response to short and long-term feeding of Sapindus rarak saponins. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2006a. 100;114-122.
  • Wina E, Muetzel S, Becker K. Effects of daily and interval feeding of Sapindus rarak saponins on protozoa, rumen fermentation parameters and digestibility in sheep. ASIAN-AUST. J. Anim Sci., 2006b. 19; 1580-1587.
  • Witterbourn CC, Hawkins RE, Brain M, Carrel W. The estimation of red cell superoxide dismutase activity. J Lab Clin Med. 1975. 55:337–41.
  • Wu Z, Sadik M, Sleiman FT, Simas J, Pessarakli M, Huber JT. Influence of Yucca extract on ruminal metabolism in cows. J. Anim. Sci. 1994. 72, 1038–1042.

Effects Of Supplementation Of Yucca Schidigera To Diet And İts Daily Dose On Some Rumen And Blood Parameters, Live Weight Gain in Lambs

Year 2015, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 1 - 10, 01.12.2015

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the effects of supplementation of Yucca schidigera (YS) and its daily dose to diet on live weight gain, rumen fermentation, rumen protozoal numbers and blood oxidant-antioxidant balance in lambs. In the study, thirty male lambs aged 10-12 months were used. The animals were equally divided into three groups contained 10 animals per group as control and two experimental groups throughout experimental period lasted 60 days. While the animals in the control group were fed with the basal diet, YS was supplemented 500 mg/kg daily to the basal diet of the experimental 1 group and 1500 mg /kg a three day to the basal diet of the experimental 2 group. In the study lasted 60 days totally, ruminal pH, NH3-N and protozoal numbers were determined in the rumen content samples taken from animals at 30 and 60th days, whereas levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant activity (AOA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were measured in the blood samples. pH and protozoal numbers in rumen content were not changed by treatments, whereas rumen ammonia nitrogen concentration in the rumen content and MDA level in the blood was reduced significantly at 30th and 60th day by treatments. Treatments increased significantly AOA and unchanged SOD and catalase activity. We concluded that the supplementation of YS to diet as a natural feed additive has a positive effect on rumen nitorgen metabolism and in the protection of animal health by decreasing the oxidative damage caused by free radicals.

References

  • AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemistry, 14th Ed. Inc. Arlington, Virginia. 1990.
  • Aslan R, Dundar Y, Eryavuz A, Bülbül A, Küçükkurt I, Fidan AF, Akinci Z. Effects of different dietary levels of Yucca schidigera powder (deodorase) added to diets on erformance, some hemotological and biochemical blood parameters and total antioxidant capacity of laying hens. Rev Med Vet . 2005.156:350–355
  • Ataşoğlu C, Yüksel E, Ayışığı K, Yurtman İY. Organik üretim koşullarındaki zorunluluklar açısından rumen fermantasyonunun kontrolünde yeni arayışlar. I. Uluslararası Organik Hayvansal Üretim ve Gıda Güvenliği Kongresi, Kuşadası, Türkiye, 2004.257-270.
  • Avcı G, Kontaş T, Eryavuz A, Küçükkurt İ, Fidan AF. Tavşanlarda rasyona ilave edilen farklı miktarlardaki yucca schidigera ekstraktının (De-odorase®) bazı serum makro ve mikro element düzeylerine etkisi. Fırat Üniv. Sağ. Bil. Derg. 2007. 21 (6), 257 – 262.
  • Benchaar C, McAllister TA, Chouinard PY. Digestion, ruminal fermentation, ciliate protozoal populations, and milk production from dairy cows fed cinnamaldehyde,quebracho condensed tannin, or Yucca schidigera saponin extracts. J. Dairy Sci. 2008. 91:4765–4777.
  • Beutler E. Red cell Metabolism.3rd.Ed., Orlando:Grune and Stratton. 1984.
  • Bodas R, Prieto N, Garcia-Gonzalez R, Andres S, Giraldez FJ, Lopez S. Manipulation of rumen fermentation and methane production with plant secondary metabolites. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 2012.176;78-93.
  • Bölükbaşı F. Fizyoloji Ders Kitabı (Vücut Isısı ve Sindirim), Cilt I., A.Ü. Vet. Fak. Yayınları, AÜ Basımevi, Ankara. 1989.
  • Ciftci M, Simsek UG, Yuce A,Yilmaz O, Dalkilic B. Effects of dietary antibiotic and cinnamon oil supplementation on antioxidant enzyme activities, cholesterol levels and fatty acid compositions of serum and meat in broiler chickens. Acta Vet. Brno, 2010.79, 33-40.
  • Cigerci IH, Fidan AF, Konuk M, Yuksel H, Kucukkurt I, Eryavuz A, Sozbilir NB. The protective potential of Yucca schidigera (Sarsaponin 30(A (R))) against nitrite-induced oxidative stress in rats. J. Nat.Med. 2009. 63, 311-317.
  • Draper HH, Hadley M. Malondialdehyde determination as index of lipid peroxidation. Methods Enzymol. 1990.186: 421-30.
  • Dündar Y, Aslan R. Hekimlikte Oksidatif Stres ve Antioksidanlar. AKÜ Yayınları, Yayın No, 29, Uyum Ajans, Ankara. 2000.
  • Dündar Y, Aslan R, Eryavuz A. Effects of defaunation and urea on glutathione and malondialdehyde levels in blood and rumen fluid of Ramlıç Lambs, Tr.J.Vet.Anim.Sci. 2004. 28; 265-269.
  • Eliwinski BJ, Kreuzer M, Wettstein HR, Machmüller A. Rumen fermentation and nitrogen balance of lambs fed diets containing plant extracts rich in tannins and saponins and associated emissions of nitrogen and methane. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 2002.56, 379-392.
  • Enginar H, Avci G, Eryavuz A, Kaya E, Kucukkurt I, Fidan AF. Effect of Yucca schidigera extract on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity in rabbits exposed to gamma-radiation. Rev.Med.Vet. 2006. 157; 415-419.
  • Eryavuz A. Defaunasyonun ruminantların sindirimine etkileri (Derleme). Hayv. Araş. Derg. 2000.10 (1-2); 78-84.
  • Eryavuz A. Saponinler ve ruminantlarda rumen protozoon sayısının azaltılmasında bunların kullanılması (Derleme). Hayv. Araş.Derg. 2004. 13, (1-2); 60-66.
  • Eryavuz A, Dehority BA. Effect of Yucca schidigera extract on the concentration of rumen microorganisms in sheep. Anim.Feed Sci.Technol. 2004.117 (3-4): 215-222.
  • Eryavuz A, Dundar Y, Özdemir M, Aslan R, Tekerli M. Effects of adding urea and sulfur on performance of faunate and defaunate Ramlic lambs, and some rumen and blood parameters. Anim.Feed Sci.Technol. 2003.109; 35-46.
  • Francis C, Kerem Z, Makkur HP, Becker K. The biological action of saponins in animal system: a rewiev. Brit. J. Nutr. 2002. 88, 587-605.
  • Gorgulu M, Yurtseven S, Unsal I, Kutlu HR. Effect of dietary supplemental Yucca schidigera powder on fattening performance of male lambs. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 2004. 25, 33-36.
  • Gümüş R, İmik H. Saponinlerin hayvan beslemede yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanımı. Atatürk Üni. Vet. Bil. Derg. 2012. 7(3), 221-229.
  • Hart KJ, Yanez-Ruiz DR, Duval SM, McEwan NR, Newbold CJ. Plant extracts to manipulate rumen fermentation. Anim. Feed Sci.Technol. 2008.147, 8-35.
  • Holtshausen L, Chaves AV, Beauchemin KA, McGinn SM, McAllister TA, Cheeke PR, Benchaar C. Feeding saponin-containing Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria to decrease enteric methane production in dairy cows. J.Dairy Sci. 2009. 92, 2809-2881.
  • Hristov AN, McAllister FH, Van Herk KJ, Cheng CJ, Newbold PR. Effect of Yucca schidigera on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestion in heifers, J. Anim. Sci. 1999.77 (1999), pp. 2554–2563.
  • Ivan M, Koenig KM, Teferedegne B, Newbold CJ, Entz T, Rode LM, Ibrahim M. Effect of the dietary Enterolobium cyclocarpum foliage on the population dynamics of rumen ciliate protozoa in sheep. Small Rum. Res. 2004. 52, 81-91.
  • Jouany JP, Morgavi DR. Use of 'natural' products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production. ANIMAL. 2007. 1; 1443-1466.
  • Jouany JP. Effect of rumen protozoa on nitrogen utilization by ruminants, J. Nutr. 1996.126 (1996), pp. 1335S–1346S.
  • Kaya S, Pirinçci İ. Bitkisel zehirler-Glikozidler “Saponinler”, Veteriner Hekimliğinde Toksikoloji .Medisan Yayınevi. 2.Baskı. 2002.S.325-326.
  • Khorrami B, Vakili AR, Danesh Mesgaran M, Klevenhusen F. Thyme and cinnamon essential oils: Potential alternatives for monensin as a rumen modifier in beef production systems. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2015. 200; 8-16.
  • Koracevic D, Koracevic G, Djordjevic V, Andrejevic S, Cosic V. Method fort he measurment of antioxidant activity in human fluids. J Clin Pathol. 2001. 54:356-361.
  • Lovett DK, Stack L, Lovell S, Callan J, Flynn B, Hawkins M, O’Mara FP. “Effect of feeding Yucca schidigera extract on performance of lactating dairy cows and ruminal fermentation parameters in steers”, Liv. Sci., 2006. 102;23-32.
  • Luck H. Catalase. In: Bergmeyer HU, editor. Methods in Analysis. London: Academy Press. 1955.
  • Makkar HP, Sen M, Blummel K, Becker. Effect of fractions containing saponins from Yucca schidigera, Quillaja saponaria and Acacia auriculoformis on rumen fermentation. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1998. 46:4324–4328.
  • Malik PK, Singhal KK, Deshpande SB. Effect of saponin rich lucerne fodder supplementation on rumen fermentation, bacterial and protozoal population in buffalo bulls. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 2009.79, 9: 912-916.
  • Monteny GJ, Smith MCJ, van Duinkerken G, Mollenhors H, de Boer JM. Prediction of ammonia emission from dairy barns using feed characteristics part II: Relation between urinary urea concentration and ammonia emission. J.Dairy Sci., 2002. 85; 3389-3394.
  • Nasri S, Ben Salem H, Vasta V, Abidi S, Makkar HPS, Priolo A. Effect of increasing levels of Quillaja saponaria on digestion, growth and meat quality of Barbarine lamb. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2011. 164: 71–78.
  • Newbold CJ, El SM, Hassan J, Wang ME, Ortega RJ, Wallace. Influence of foliage from African multipurpose trees on activity of rumen protozoa and bacteria, Br. J. Nutr., 1997. 78, 237–249.
  • NRC (National Research Council). Nutrients requirements of domestic animals. Nutrient requirements of sheep. 6th Ed. National Academic Sci., Washington 1985.
  • Patra AK, Saxena J. The effect and mode of action of saponins on the microbial populations and fermentation in the rumen and ruminant production. Nutr. Res. Rev. . 2009. 22, 2: 204-219.
  • Pen B, Sar B, Mwenya K, Kuwaki R, Morikawa J, Takahashi. Effects of Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria extracts on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane emission. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2006. 129:175–186.
  • Selcuk Z, Tuncer SD. The Effects of Different Levels of Yucca schidigera Added to the Lamb's Diets Containing Urea on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Some Rumen and Blood Parameters. J. Anim. Vet. 2010. Adv. 9: 4: 654-660.
  • Sliwinski BJ, M Kreuzer HR, Wettstein A, Machmuller. Rumen fermentation and nitrogen balance of lambs fed diets containing plant extracts rich in tannins and saponins, and associated emissions of nitrogen and methane. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 2002. 56:379–392.
  • Sun Y, Oberley LW, Li Y. A Simple Method for Clinical Assay of Superoxide Dismutase. Clin Chem. 1988. 34:497–500.
  • Szczechowiak J, Szumacher – Strabel M, Stochmal A, Nadolna M, Pers - Kamczyc E, Nowak A, Kowalczyk M, Cieślak A. Effect of Saponaria officinalis L. or Panax ginseng C.A Meyer triterpenoid saponins on ruminal fermentation in vitro. Ann. Anim. Sci. 2013. 13; 815–827.
  • Szumacher-Strabel M, Cieslak A. Potential of phytofactors to mitigate rumen ammonia and methane production.J. Anim Feed Sci., 2010. 19; 319-337.
  • Van Zijderveld SM, Dijkstra J, Perdok HB, Newbold JR, Gerrits WJ. “Dietary inclusion of diallyl disulfide, yucca powder, calcium fumarate, an extruded linseed product, or medium-chain fatty acids does not affect methane production in lactating dairy cows”, J Dairy Sci. 2011.94; 3094-3104
  • Wallace RJ, Arthaud CL, Newbold CJ. Influence of Yucca schidigera extract on ruminal ammonia concentrations and ruminal microorganisms. Appl. Environ. Microb. 1994.60 : 1762 1994
  • Wilson RC, Overton TR, Clark JH. Effects of Yucca schidigera extract and soluble protein on performance of cows and concentrations of urea nitrogen in plasma and milk. J. Dairy Sci., 1998.81, 1002–1027.
  • Wina E, Muetzel S, Becker K. The impact of saponins or saponin-containing plant materials on ruminant production-A review. J.Agric.Food Chem., 2005.53; 8093-8105.
  • Wina E, Muetzel S, Becker K. The dynamics of major fibrolytic microbes and enzyme activity in the rumen in response to short and long-term feeding of Sapindus rarak saponins. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2006a. 100;114-122.
  • Wina E, Muetzel S, Becker K. Effects of daily and interval feeding of Sapindus rarak saponins on protozoa, rumen fermentation parameters and digestibility in sheep. ASIAN-AUST. J. Anim Sci., 2006b. 19; 1580-1587.
  • Witterbourn CC, Hawkins RE, Brain M, Carrel W. The estimation of red cell superoxide dismutase activity. J Lab Clin Med. 1975. 55:337–41.
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There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Abdullah Eryavuz

İsmail Küçükkurt This is me

Sinan İnce This is me

Abdurrahman Fatif Fidan This is me

Gülcan Avcı This is me

Tuba Bülbül This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2015
Acceptance Date June 3, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Eryavuz, A., Küçükkurt, İ., İnce, S., Fidan, A. F., et al. (2015). Effects Of Supplementation Of Yucca Schidigera To Diet And İts Daily Dose On Some Rumen And Blood Parameters, Live Weight Gain in Lambs. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 8(2), 1-10.
AMA Eryavuz A, Küçükkurt İ, İnce S, Fidan AF, Avcı G, Bülbül T. Effects Of Supplementation Of Yucca Schidigera To Diet And İts Daily Dose On Some Rumen And Blood Parameters, Live Weight Gain in Lambs. kvj. June 2015;8(2):1-10.
Chicago Eryavuz, Abdullah, İsmail Küçükkurt, Sinan İnce, Abdurrahman Fatif Fidan, Gülcan Avcı, and Tuba Bülbül. “Effects Of Supplementation Of Yucca Schidigera To Diet And İts Daily Dose On Some Rumen And Blood Parameters, Live Weight Gain in Lambs”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 8, no. 2 (June 2015): 1-10.
EndNote Eryavuz A, Küçükkurt İ, İnce S, Fidan AF, Avcı G, Bülbül T (June 1, 2015) Effects Of Supplementation Of Yucca Schidigera To Diet And İts Daily Dose On Some Rumen And Blood Parameters, Live Weight Gain in Lambs. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 8 2 1–10.
IEEE A. Eryavuz, İ. Küçükkurt, S. İnce, A. F. Fidan, G. Avcı, and T. Bülbül, “Effects Of Supplementation Of Yucca Schidigera To Diet And İts Daily Dose On Some Rumen And Blood Parameters, Live Weight Gain in Lambs”, kvj, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1–10, 2015.
ISNAD Eryavuz, Abdullah et al. “Effects Of Supplementation Of Yucca Schidigera To Diet And İts Daily Dose On Some Rumen And Blood Parameters, Live Weight Gain in Lambs”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 8/2 (June 2015), 1-10.
JAMA Eryavuz A, Küçükkurt İ, İnce S, Fidan AF, Avcı G, Bülbül T. Effects Of Supplementation Of Yucca Schidigera To Diet And İts Daily Dose On Some Rumen And Blood Parameters, Live Weight Gain in Lambs. kvj. 2015;8:1–10.
MLA Eryavuz, Abdullah et al. “Effects Of Supplementation Of Yucca Schidigera To Diet And İts Daily Dose On Some Rumen And Blood Parameters, Live Weight Gain in Lambs”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, vol. 8, no. 2, 2015, pp. 1-10.
Vancouver Eryavuz A, Küçükkurt İ, İnce S, Fidan AF, Avcı G, Bülbül T. Effects Of Supplementation Of Yucca Schidigera To Diet And İts Daily Dose On Some Rumen And Blood Parameters, Live Weight Gain in Lambs. kvj. 2015;8(2):1-10.

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