Review
Gecikmiş Umbilikal Kord Klempleme ve Kord Sıvazlama Uygulamalarinin Prematüre Yenidoğanlarda Etkileri
Abstract
Prematüre
yenidoğanlar fizyolojik ve yapısal olarak matür yenidoğanlardan farklıdır ve
mortalite ve morbidite açısından yüksek riske sahiptirler. Doğumda gecikmiş kord
klempleme ve göbek kordu sıvazlanması uygulamalarıyla prematürelerde yeterli
kan hacmi ve etkili dolaşımın sağlanmasının yanında birçok fayda
sağlanabilmektedir. Erken doğumun beraberinde getirdiği sağlık sorunlarını
azaltma ve önleme üzerinde geç klempleme ve sıvazlama uygulamalarının etkili
olduğu belirlenmiştir. Mevcut kanıtlar, geç kord klemplemesinin prematüre
yenidoğanlardaki intraventriküler kanama, sepsis, nekrotizan enterokolit, kan transfüzyonu
ihtiyacı, mortalite ve yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatış gibi komplikasyonları
azalttığı yönündedir. Ayrıca prematürelerde kord sıvazlamasının kan
transfüzyonu ihtiyacını azalttığı, morbidite oranını düşürdüğü ve oksijen ihtiyacını
azalttığı bilinmektedir. Tüm bu faydalara rağmen, geç klempleme ve sıvazlama
uygulamalarının klinikte rutin olarak uygulanmasının önünde hala engeller
bulunmaktadır. Acil resüstasyonun gecikme düşüncesi engellerin başında yer
almaktadır. Ayrıca bu iki uygulamadan hangisinin daha etkin olduğu ve klinik
uygulamada hangi durumlarda tercih edileceği de oldukça önemli bir konudur. Bu
derlemenin amacı, prematüre yenidoğanlarda doğum odasında umbilikal kord
klempleme süresi ve kord sıvazlama uygulamaları ve etkileri hakkında literatür
bilgisi kapsamında bilgi vermektir.
Keywords
References
- World Health Organization (WHO). (2018). Pretem Birth. 10 Ekim 2018 tarihinde http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/preterm-birth adresinden indirildi.
- American College of Obstetricians And Gynecologists (ACOG). (2016). Preterm (Premature) Labor and Birth. 10 Ağustos 2018 tarihinde https://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Preterm-Premature-Labor-and-Birth adresinden indirildi.
- Liu L, Oza S, Hogan D et al. Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000-15: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals. Lancet. 2016; 388(10063): 3027-3035.
- Al-Wassıa H, Shah PS. Efficacy and safety of umbilical cord milking at birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics. 2015; 169(1): 18-25.
- Backes CH, Rıvera BK, Haque U et al. Placental transfusion strategies in very preterm neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2014; 124(1): 47-56.
- El-Naggar W, Simpson D, Hussain A et al. Cord milking versus immediate clamping in preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial. Archives of Disease in Childhood-Fetal and Neonatal Edition. 2018; DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2018-314757.
- Rabe H, Reynolds GJ, Dıaz-Rossello JL. A systematic review and meta-analysis of a brief delay in clamping the umbilical cord of preterm infants. Neonatology. 2008; 93: 138-144.
- Vesoulıs ZA, Rhoades J, Munıyandı P et al. Delayed cord clamping and inotrope use in preterm infants. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2018; 31(10): 1327-1334.
- Katheria AC, Leone TA, Woelkers D et al. The effects of umbilical cord milking on hemodynamics and neonatal outcomes in premature neonates. The Journal of Pediatrics. 2014; 164(5): 1045-1050.
- Song SY, Kim Y, Kang BH et al. Safety of umbilical cord milking in very preterm neonates: a randomized controlled study. Obstetrics & Gynecology Science. 2017; 60(6): 527-534.
- Ghartey K, Coletta J, Lizarraga L et al. Neonatal respiratory morbidity in the early term delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012; 207: 292.e1-4.
- Quinn D, Newton N, Piecuch R. Effect of less frequent bathing on prematüre infant Skin. Journal of Obstetric Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing. 2005; 34: 741-746.
- Bayram N. Riskli pretermlerde transport edilen ve edilmeyen grupların morbidite ve mortalite yö¬nünden karşılaştırılması, Sağlık Bakanlığı Bakırköy Ka¬dın Doğum ve Çocuk Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Uzmanlık Tezi, İstan¬bul, 2006.
- World Health Organization (WHO). (2014). Delayed clamping of the umbilical cord to reduce infant anaemia, 15 Eylül 2018 tarihinde http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/148793/9789241508209_eng.pdf;jsessionid=6B35B503572A93AA8CBCB7047C43BF2A?sequence=1 adresinden indirildi.
- American College of Obstetricians And Gynecologists (ACOG). (2017). Delayed umbilical cord clamping after birth. 10 Ağustos 2018 tarihinde https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Delayed-Umbilical-Cord-Clamping-After-Birth adresinden indirildi.
- Ersdal HL, Linde J, Mduma E et al. Neonatal outcome following cord clamping after onset of spontaneous respiration. Pediatrics. 2014; 134: 265-272.
- Rabe H, Diaz-Rossello JL et al. Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth on maternal and infant outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012; 8: DOI: CD003248.
- Kaempf JW, Tomlinson MW, Kaempf AJ et al. Delayed umbilical cord clamping in premature neonates. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2012; 120(2): 325-330.
- Lee JY, Kim HS, Jung E et al. Risk factors for periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants. J Korean Med Sci. 2010; 25: 418-424.
- Özdemir ÖMA, Kökten-Yıldı¬rım N, Alkılıç L ve diğ. Postnatal erken dönemde kraniyal ult¬rasonografi incelemesi yapılan yenidoğanlarda periventriküler/intraventriküler ka¬nama sıklığı ve risk faktörleri. Ege Tıp Dergisi. 2011; 50: 247-252.
- Kervancıoğlu S, Sivaslı E, Kervancıoğlu R et al. Yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde serebral ultrasonografi incelemesi ya¬pılan yenidoğanlarda germinal matriks/intraventriküler hemoraji sık¬lığı ve predispozan faktörleri. Gazi¬antep Tıp Dergisi. 2008; 14: 6-9.
- Chen Y, Zhou J, Yuwei HE. The effects of delayed cord clamping in preterm infants: a meta-analysis. Chinese Journal of Neonatology. 2017; 32(2): 137-143.
- Crowley M, Kirpalani H. A rational approach to red blood cell transfusion in the neonatal ICU. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2010; 22: 151-157.
- Alan S. Doğumda göbek kor¬donu sıvazlamanın prematüre yenidoğanlarda hematolojik, hemodinamik parametreler ve pre¬matürelikle ilişkili morbiditeler üze¬rine etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi. Neonatal Sağlık. 2013; 2: 25-27.
- Tarnow-Mordi WO, Duley L, Field D et al. Timing of cord clamping in very preterm infants: more evidence is needed. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2014; 211(2): 118-123.
- Neyzi O. Yenidoğan hastalıkları. İçinde T. Ertuğrul (Ed.) Pediatri (3. baskı). Nobel Kita-pevleri, İstanbul, 2000.
- Widness JA. Pathophysiology of anemia during the neonatal period, including anemia of prematurity. Neoreviews. 2008; 9(11): 520-525.
- Strauss RG. Anemia of prematurity: pathophysiology and treatment. Blood Rev. 2010; 24: 221-225.
- Türk Neonatoloji Derneği (TND). (2016). Türk Neonatoloji Derneği Kan Ürünleri Transfüzyon Rehberi. 10 Ağustos 2018 tarihinde http://neonatology.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/kan_urunleri_transfuzyonu.pdf. adresinden indirildi.
- Aldemir EY, Altuncu E, Kavuncuoğlu S ve diğ. Pretermlerde eritrosit transfüzyon sıklığı ve ne¬denleri. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Pediatrics. 2006; 15(4): 139-143.
- Chiruvolu A, Elliott E, Rich D et al. Effect of delay in cord clamping 45 versus 60 s on very preterm singleton infants. Early Human Development. 2018; 30(119): 15-18.
- Backes CH, Huang H, Iams JD et al. Timing of umbilical cord clamping among infants born at 22 through 27 weeks’ gestation. Journal of Perinatology. 2016; 36(1): 35-40.
- Raju TN, Singal N. Op¬timal timing for clamping the umbilical cord after birth. Clinics in Perinatology. 2012; 39(4): DOI:10.1016/j.clp.2012.09.006.
- Mcdonald SJ, Middleton P, Dowswell T et al. Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping of term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013; 7: DOI: CD004074.
- Fogarty M, Osborn DA, Askie L et al. Delayed vs early umbilical cord clamping for preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2018; 218(1): 1-8.
- Kinsley T. Beneficial effects of delayed cord clamping on the respiratory system in premature infants. Canadian Journal of Respiratory Therapy. 2018; 54(2): 1-10.
- Mercer JS, Vohr BR, Erickson-Owens DA et al. Seven-month developmental outcomes of very low birth weight infants enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of delayed versus immediate cord clamping. Journal of Perinatology. 2010; 30(1): 11.
- Chiruvolu A, Tolia VN, Qin H et al. Effect of delayed cord clamping on very preterm infants. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2015; 213(5): 676-e1.
- Tarnow-Mordi W, Morris J, Kirby A et al. Delayed versus immediate cord clamping in preterm infants. New England Journal of Medicine. 2017; 377(25): 2445-2455.
- Chiruvolu A, Qin H, Nguyen ET et al. The effect of delayed cord clamping on moderate and early late-preterm infants. American Journal of Perinatology. 2018; 35(03): 286-291.
- Datta BV, Kumar A, Yadav R. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the role of brief delay in cord clamping in preterm neonates (34–36 weeks) on short-term neurobehavioural outcome. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. 2017; 63(6): 418-424.
- Brocato B, Holliday N, Whitehurst RM et al. Delayed cord clamping in preterm neonates: a review of benefits and risks. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 2016; 71(1): 39-42.
- Nevill E, Meyer MP. Effect of delayed cord clamping (DCC) on breathing and transition at birth in very preterm infants. Early Human Development. 2015; 91(7): 407-411.
- International Liaison Committee On Resuscitation (ILCOR). (2015). Part 7: Neonatal Resuscitation 2015 International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations, 132(1), 204-241.
- Körükcü Ö, Avgören G. Gecikmiş kord klemplenmesinin ve kordon sıvazla¬masının yenidoğan sağlığına etkisi. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences. 2016; 19: 46-52.
- Patel S, Clark EAS, Rodriguez CE et al. Effect of umbilical cord milking on morbidity and survival in extremely low gestational age neonates. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2014; 211(5): 1-7.
- Carroll P. Umbilical cord blood-An untapped resource strategies to decrease early red blood cell transfusions and improve neonatal outcomes. Clinics in Perinatology. 2015; 42(3): 541-556.
- March MI, Hacker MR, Parson AW et al. The effects of umbilical cord milking in extremely preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Perinatology. 2013; 33(10): 763.
- Hosono S, Mugishima H, Fujita H et al. Blood pressure and urine output during the first 120 h of life in infants born at less than 29 weeks’ gestation related to umbilical cord milking. Archieves of Disease in Childhood: Fetal Neonatal Education. 2009; 94(5): 28-31.
- Hosono S, Mugishima H, Takahashi S et al. One-time umbilical cord milking after cord cutting has same effectiveness as multiple-time umbilical cord milking in infants born at< 29 weeks of gestation: a retrospective study. Journal of Perinatology. 2015; 35(8): 590.
- Takami T, Suganami Y, Sunohara D et al. Umbilical cord milking stabilizes cerebral oxygenation and perfusion in infants born before 29 weeks of gestation. The Journal of Pediatrics. 2012; 161(4): 742-747.
- Leal VL, Bueno LP, Vilaplana LC et al. Effect of milking maneuver in preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial. Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy. 2018; DOI:10.1159/000485654.
- Katheria AC, Truong G, Cousins L et al. Umbilical cord milking versus delayed cord clamping in preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2015; 1: 61-69.
Year 2019,
Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 54 - 59, 01.01.2019
Abstract
Premature newborns
are physiologically and structurally different from mature newborns and have a
high risk of mortality and morbidity. Delayed cord clamping and umbilical cord
milking at birth provide adequate blood volume and effective circulation in the
prematurity as well as many benefits. It has been determined that the
application of delayed clamping and cord milking on reducing and preventing the
health problems brought by early childbirth is effective. Current evidence
suggests that delayed cord clamping reduces complications such as intraventricular
hemorrhage in premature newborns, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, blood
transfusion need, mortality and admission to the intensive care unit. It is
also known that cord milking platelets in prematurity reduce blood transfusion
need, decrease morbidity rate and decrease oxygen demand. Despite all these benefits,
there are still barriers to routine application of late clamping and cord
milking practices in the clinic. Emergency resuscitation is at the head of the
delayed thought blocks. It is also a very important issue as to which of these
two applications is more effective and in which cases clinical applications
will be preferred. The aim of this review is to provide information about the duration
of umbilical cord clamping and cord milking practices in the birth room for
premature newborns as well as their effects on this field.
Keywords
References
- World Health Organization (WHO). (2018). Pretem Birth. 10 Ekim 2018 tarihinde http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/preterm-birth adresinden indirildi.
- American College of Obstetricians And Gynecologists (ACOG). (2016). Preterm (Premature) Labor and Birth. 10 Ağustos 2018 tarihinde https://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Preterm-Premature-Labor-and-Birth adresinden indirildi.
- Liu L, Oza S, Hogan D et al. Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000-15: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals. Lancet. 2016; 388(10063): 3027-3035.
- Al-Wassıa H, Shah PS. Efficacy and safety of umbilical cord milking at birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics. 2015; 169(1): 18-25.
- Backes CH, Rıvera BK, Haque U et al. Placental transfusion strategies in very preterm neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2014; 124(1): 47-56.
- El-Naggar W, Simpson D, Hussain A et al. Cord milking versus immediate clamping in preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial. Archives of Disease in Childhood-Fetal and Neonatal Edition. 2018; DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2018-314757.
- Rabe H, Reynolds GJ, Dıaz-Rossello JL. A systematic review and meta-analysis of a brief delay in clamping the umbilical cord of preterm infants. Neonatology. 2008; 93: 138-144.
- Vesoulıs ZA, Rhoades J, Munıyandı P et al. Delayed cord clamping and inotrope use in preterm infants. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2018; 31(10): 1327-1334.
- Katheria AC, Leone TA, Woelkers D et al. The effects of umbilical cord milking on hemodynamics and neonatal outcomes in premature neonates. The Journal of Pediatrics. 2014; 164(5): 1045-1050.
- Song SY, Kim Y, Kang BH et al. Safety of umbilical cord milking in very preterm neonates: a randomized controlled study. Obstetrics & Gynecology Science. 2017; 60(6): 527-534.
- Ghartey K, Coletta J, Lizarraga L et al. Neonatal respiratory morbidity in the early term delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012; 207: 292.e1-4.
- Quinn D, Newton N, Piecuch R. Effect of less frequent bathing on prematüre infant Skin. Journal of Obstetric Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing. 2005; 34: 741-746.
- Bayram N. Riskli pretermlerde transport edilen ve edilmeyen grupların morbidite ve mortalite yö¬nünden karşılaştırılması, Sağlık Bakanlığı Bakırköy Ka¬dın Doğum ve Çocuk Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Uzmanlık Tezi, İstan¬bul, 2006.
- World Health Organization (WHO). (2014). Delayed clamping of the umbilical cord to reduce infant anaemia, 15 Eylül 2018 tarihinde http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/148793/9789241508209_eng.pdf;jsessionid=6B35B503572A93AA8CBCB7047C43BF2A?sequence=1 adresinden indirildi.
- American College of Obstetricians And Gynecologists (ACOG). (2017). Delayed umbilical cord clamping after birth. 10 Ağustos 2018 tarihinde https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Delayed-Umbilical-Cord-Clamping-After-Birth adresinden indirildi.
- Ersdal HL, Linde J, Mduma E et al. Neonatal outcome following cord clamping after onset of spontaneous respiration. Pediatrics. 2014; 134: 265-272.
- Rabe H, Diaz-Rossello JL et al. Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth on maternal and infant outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012; 8: DOI: CD003248.
- Kaempf JW, Tomlinson MW, Kaempf AJ et al. Delayed umbilical cord clamping in premature neonates. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2012; 120(2): 325-330.
- Lee JY, Kim HS, Jung E et al. Risk factors for periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants. J Korean Med Sci. 2010; 25: 418-424.
- Özdemir ÖMA, Kökten-Yıldı¬rım N, Alkılıç L ve diğ. Postnatal erken dönemde kraniyal ult¬rasonografi incelemesi yapılan yenidoğanlarda periventriküler/intraventriküler ka¬nama sıklığı ve risk faktörleri. Ege Tıp Dergisi. 2011; 50: 247-252.
- Kervancıoğlu S, Sivaslı E, Kervancıoğlu R et al. Yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde serebral ultrasonografi incelemesi ya¬pılan yenidoğanlarda germinal matriks/intraventriküler hemoraji sık¬lığı ve predispozan faktörleri. Gazi¬antep Tıp Dergisi. 2008; 14: 6-9.
- Chen Y, Zhou J, Yuwei HE. The effects of delayed cord clamping in preterm infants: a meta-analysis. Chinese Journal of Neonatology. 2017; 32(2): 137-143.
- Crowley M, Kirpalani H. A rational approach to red blood cell transfusion in the neonatal ICU. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2010; 22: 151-157.
- Alan S. Doğumda göbek kor¬donu sıvazlamanın prematüre yenidoğanlarda hematolojik, hemodinamik parametreler ve pre¬matürelikle ilişkili morbiditeler üze¬rine etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi. Neonatal Sağlık. 2013; 2: 25-27.
- Tarnow-Mordi WO, Duley L, Field D et al. Timing of cord clamping in very preterm infants: more evidence is needed. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2014; 211(2): 118-123.
- Neyzi O. Yenidoğan hastalıkları. İçinde T. Ertuğrul (Ed.) Pediatri (3. baskı). Nobel Kita-pevleri, İstanbul, 2000.
- Widness JA. Pathophysiology of anemia during the neonatal period, including anemia of prematurity. Neoreviews. 2008; 9(11): 520-525.
- Strauss RG. Anemia of prematurity: pathophysiology and treatment. Blood Rev. 2010; 24: 221-225.
- Türk Neonatoloji Derneği (TND). (2016). Türk Neonatoloji Derneği Kan Ürünleri Transfüzyon Rehberi. 10 Ağustos 2018 tarihinde http://neonatology.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/kan_urunleri_transfuzyonu.pdf. adresinden indirildi.
- Aldemir EY, Altuncu E, Kavuncuoğlu S ve diğ. Pretermlerde eritrosit transfüzyon sıklığı ve ne¬denleri. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Pediatrics. 2006; 15(4): 139-143.
- Chiruvolu A, Elliott E, Rich D et al. Effect of delay in cord clamping 45 versus 60 s on very preterm singleton infants. Early Human Development. 2018; 30(119): 15-18.
- Backes CH, Huang H, Iams JD et al. Timing of umbilical cord clamping among infants born at 22 through 27 weeks’ gestation. Journal of Perinatology. 2016; 36(1): 35-40.
- Raju TN, Singal N. Op¬timal timing for clamping the umbilical cord after birth. Clinics in Perinatology. 2012; 39(4): DOI:10.1016/j.clp.2012.09.006.
- Mcdonald SJ, Middleton P, Dowswell T et al. Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping of term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013; 7: DOI: CD004074.
- Fogarty M, Osborn DA, Askie L et al. Delayed vs early umbilical cord clamping for preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2018; 218(1): 1-8.
- Kinsley T. Beneficial effects of delayed cord clamping on the respiratory system in premature infants. Canadian Journal of Respiratory Therapy. 2018; 54(2): 1-10.
- Mercer JS, Vohr BR, Erickson-Owens DA et al. Seven-month developmental outcomes of very low birth weight infants enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of delayed versus immediate cord clamping. Journal of Perinatology. 2010; 30(1): 11.
- Chiruvolu A, Tolia VN, Qin H et al. Effect of delayed cord clamping on very preterm infants. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2015; 213(5): 676-e1.
- Tarnow-Mordi W, Morris J, Kirby A et al. Delayed versus immediate cord clamping in preterm infants. New England Journal of Medicine. 2017; 377(25): 2445-2455.
- Chiruvolu A, Qin H, Nguyen ET et al. The effect of delayed cord clamping on moderate and early late-preterm infants. American Journal of Perinatology. 2018; 35(03): 286-291.
- Datta BV, Kumar A, Yadav R. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the role of brief delay in cord clamping in preterm neonates (34–36 weeks) on short-term neurobehavioural outcome. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. 2017; 63(6): 418-424.
- Brocato B, Holliday N, Whitehurst RM et al. Delayed cord clamping in preterm neonates: a review of benefits and risks. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 2016; 71(1): 39-42.
- Nevill E, Meyer MP. Effect of delayed cord clamping (DCC) on breathing and transition at birth in very preterm infants. Early Human Development. 2015; 91(7): 407-411.
- International Liaison Committee On Resuscitation (ILCOR). (2015). Part 7: Neonatal Resuscitation 2015 International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations, 132(1), 204-241.
- Körükcü Ö, Avgören G. Gecikmiş kord klemplenmesinin ve kordon sıvazla¬masının yenidoğan sağlığına etkisi. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences. 2016; 19: 46-52.
- Patel S, Clark EAS, Rodriguez CE et al. Effect of umbilical cord milking on morbidity and survival in extremely low gestational age neonates. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2014; 211(5): 1-7.
- Carroll P. Umbilical cord blood-An untapped resource strategies to decrease early red blood cell transfusions and improve neonatal outcomes. Clinics in Perinatology. 2015; 42(3): 541-556.
- March MI, Hacker MR, Parson AW et al. The effects of umbilical cord milking in extremely preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Perinatology. 2013; 33(10): 763.
- Hosono S, Mugishima H, Fujita H et al. Blood pressure and urine output during the first 120 h of life in infants born at less than 29 weeks’ gestation related to umbilical cord milking. Archieves of Disease in Childhood: Fetal Neonatal Education. 2009; 94(5): 28-31.
- Hosono S, Mugishima H, Takahashi S et al. One-time umbilical cord milking after cord cutting has same effectiveness as multiple-time umbilical cord milking in infants born at< 29 weeks of gestation: a retrospective study. Journal of Perinatology. 2015; 35(8): 590.
- Takami T, Suganami Y, Sunohara D et al. Umbilical cord milking stabilizes cerebral oxygenation and perfusion in infants born before 29 weeks of gestation. The Journal of Pediatrics. 2012; 161(4): 742-747.
- Leal VL, Bueno LP, Vilaplana LC et al. Effect of milking maneuver in preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial. Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy. 2018; DOI:10.1159/000485654.
- Katheria AC, Truong G, Cousins L et al. Umbilical cord milking versus delayed cord clamping in preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2015; 1: 61-69.
There are 53 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Review Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | January 1, 2019 |
| Submission Date | October 27, 2018 |
| Acceptance Date | December 9, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 5 Issue: 1 |
