Abstract
Objective: Stones are known to occur in humans as a result of the accumulation of metabolic products in various sections of the urinary system, most likely
due to genetics and/or nutrition. It is also thought that the amount of elements in the drinking water content of the regions contributes. In this study, it was
aimed to investigate the chemical composition of urinary system stones according to age and gender.
Materials and Methods: In the study, stone samples from 300 patients (male n=207, female n=93) who applied to the urology outpatient clinic with stone
related clinical symptoms and were found to have kidney stones between January 2017 and February 2022 were analyzed. The analysis of the stones was
evaluated by measuring with the FT-IR Spectrophotometer device. Age and gender information was obtained through archive scanning.
Results: The age range of the patients was between 1 and 83 years. When the results were examined according to the frequency of stones, whewellite+weddellite
(n=131, 43.66%), whewellite (n=43, 14.33%), whewellite+weddellite+carbonate apatit (n=28, 9.33%), whewellite+uric acid (n=17, 5.66%), uric
acid (n=12, 4%), whewellite+carbonate apatit (n=10, 33%), and less mixed stones were determined. When we investigated the stone formation according to
gender, it was found that it was more common in men than in women. We determined that stone formation was most common between 19-40 years of age
and at least 12-18 years of age when we looked at the chemical composition of stones according to age.
Conclusion: It can be argued that stones based on the calcium element are seen frequently, stone formation is more common in men, and stone formation
is more common in the age range of 19-40 years. It is believed that analyzing the stones of people who are exposed to the formation of intermittent urinary
system stones in terms of chemical composition, information that can help plan the treatment of the disease and prevent the recurrence of the disease.
References
- Singh VK, Rai PK. Kidney stone analysis techniques and the role of major and trace elements on their pathogenesis: A review. Biophysical reviews 2014;6(3):291-310.
- Tefekli A, Tok A, Altunrende F, Barut M, Berberoğlu Y, Müslümanoğlu AY. Üriner sistem taş hastalarında yaşam tarzı ve beslenme alışkanlıkları. Türk Üroloji Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Urology 2005;31(1):113-118.
- Turk C, Petřik A, Sarica K, Seitz C, Skolarikos A, Straub M et al. EAU Guidelines on Interventional Treatment for Urolithiasis. Eur Urol. 2016;69:475–482.
- Khalili P, Jamali Z, Sadeghi T, Esmaeili-Nadimi A, Mohamadi M, Moghadam-Ahmadi A, et al. Risk factors of kidney stone disease: a cross-sectional study in the southeast of Iran. BMC Urology 2021;21(1):1-8.
- Romero V, Akpinar H, Assimos DG. Kidney stones: a global picture of prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors. Reviews in Urology, 2010;12(2-3):86-96.
- Basiri A, Shakh SN, Khoushdel A, Pakmanesh H, Radfar MH. Drinking water composition and incidence of urinary calculus introducing a new index. Iran J Kidney Dis. 2011;5(1):15-20.
- Salmeh F, Yaghoubi T, Zakizadeh M, Yaghoubian M, Shahmohammadi S. Evaluation of health behaviours in patients with kidney stones in Sari/Iran. International Journal of Urological Nursing 2012;6(1):17-21.
- Sofia NH, Walter TM, Sanatorium T. Prevalence and risk factors of kidney stone. Global Journal For Research Analysis 2016;5(3):183-187.
- Narter F, Sarıca K. Üriner sistem taş hastalığının biyomoleküler mekanizması. Endoüroloji Bülteni 2013;6:135-142.
- Kirkali Z, Rasooly R, Star RA, Rodgers GP. Urinary stone disease: Progress, status, and needs. Urology 2015;86:651-653.
- Scherer K, Braig E, Willer K, Fingerle AA, Chabior M, Herzen J et al. Non-invasive differentiation of kidney stone types using X-ray dark-field radiography. Sci Rep. 2015;5:9527.
- Sarıkaya S, Yücel Ç, Karşıyakalı N, Sertoğlu E, Kaya E, Ebiloğlu T et al. Analysis of urinary stone types’ distribution in Turkey according to the geographical regions where patients were born and live: A cross-sectional single-center experience. Gulhane Med J. 2020;62(3):163-169.
- Daudon M, Lacour B, Jungers P. Influence of body size on urinary stone composition in men and women. Urol Res. 2006;34:193-199.
- Kadlec AO, Greco KA, Fridirici ZC, Gerber D, Turk TMT. Effect of renal function on urinary mineral excretion and stone composition. Urology 2011;78:744-747.
- Tyson M, Grimes N, McAuley L, Hennessy D, Pahuja A, Young M. Renal and ureteric stone composition: A five year retrospective study for Northern Ireland. Ulster Med J. 2019;88:21-24.
- Kravdal G, Helgo D, Moe MK. Kidney stone compositions and frequencies in a Norwegian population. Scand J Urol. 2019;53:139-144.
- Karabacak OR, Dilli A, Saltas H, Yalcinkaya F, Yorukoglu A, Sertcelik MN. Urology 2013;82:532-537.
- Walker V, Stansbridge EM, Griffin DG. Demography and biochemistry of 2800 patients from a renal stones clinic. Ann Clin Biochem 2013;50:127-139.
- Özbanazı YG, Durmuşcan M, Dikker O, İnan HC, Yıldırmak S, Vardar M. Okmeydanı Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesinde analizi yapılan üriner sistem taşlarının yaş, cinsiyet ve mevsimlere göre dağılımları. Okmeydanı Tıp Dergisi, 2013;29(3):131-134.
- Fan J, Chandhoke PS, Grampes SA. Role of Sex Hormones in Experimental Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999;10:376-380.
- Borghi L, Meschi T, Amato F, Briganti A, Novarini A, Giannini A. Urinary volume, water and recurrences in idiopathic calcium nephrolithiazis: A 5-year randomized prospective study. J Urol. 1996;155:839-843.
- Kulaksızoğlu S, Gözlükaya Ö. Üriner Sistem Taş Hastalığının Nedenleri. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi. 2003;60(1):27-32.
- Hoşcan MB, Oksay T, Tunçkıran A, Özorak A, Ekinci M, Arıkan S. Stone composition of urinary tract stones from our region. SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2012;19(1):17-20.
- İpekçi T, Ateş E, Akın Y. Üriner Sistem Taş Hastalıklarında Genel Metabolik Değerlendirme. Derman Tıbbi Yayıncılık. 2015;1-18.
- Daudon M, Doré JC, Jungers P, Lacour B. Changes in stone composition according to age and gender of patients: A multivariate epidemiological approach. Urological research 2004;32(3):241-247.
- Lieske JC, Rule AD, Krambeck AE, Williams JC, Bergstralh EJ, Mehta RA et al. Stone composition as a function of age and sex. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2014;9(12):2141-6214.
- Rajeev TP, Das N, Kaman PK, Barua SK, Sarma D. Variation of stone composition according to gender and age: Our experience in a tertiary care centre in North East India. International Journal of Research&Review. 2018;5(4):12-20.
- Güner E, Şeker KG. Contents of Urinary System Stones in North Marmara Region and Their Distribution by Gender. Journal of Urological Surgery. 2020;7(1):33-36.
- Wang S, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Tang Y, Li J. Upper urinary tract stone compositions: the role of age and gender. International Braz J Urol. 2019;46:70-80.
Abstract
Amaç: İnsanlarda metabolik ürünlerin üriner sistemin değişik bölümlerinde muhtemelen genetik ve/veya beslenme nedeniyle birikmesi ile taş oluştuğu
bilinmektedir. Yörelerdeki içme suları içeriğindeki element miktarlarının katkısının olduğu da düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada üriner sistem taşlarının kimyasal
bileşiminin yaş ve cinsiyete göre incelenmesi amaçlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada, Ocak 2017 ile Şubat 2022 tarihleri arasında üroloji polikliniğine taşa bağlı klinik belirtilerle başvuran ve böbrek taşı saptanan
300 hastanın taş örnekleri (erkek n=207, kadın n=93) incelendi. Taşların analizi FT-IR Spektrofotometre cihazında ölçüm yapılarak değerlendirildi.
Yaş ve cinsiyet bilgileri arşiv taraması yoluyla elde edildi.
Bulgular: Hastaların yaş aralığı 1 ile 83 arasında değişmekteydi. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde taşlar görülme sıklığına göre kalsiyum okzalat monohidrat+kalsiyum
okzalat dihidrat (n=131, %43.66), kalsiyum okzalat monohidrat (n=43, %14.33), kalsiyum okzalat monohidrat+kalsiyum okzalat dihidrat+karbonat
apatit (n=28, %9.33), kalsiyum okzalat monohidrat+ürik asit (n=17, %5.66), ürik asit (n=12, %4), kalsiyum okzalat monohidrat+karbonat apatit (n=10,
%3.33) ve daha az olarak karışım halinde bulunan taşlar belirlendi. Taş oluşumunu cinsiyete göre incelediğimizde erkeklerde kadınlardan daha sık görüldüğü
tespit edilmiştir. Taşların kimyasal bileşimini yaşa göre incelediğimizde taş oluşumunun en sık 19-40 yaş, en az 12 -18 yaş arasında görüldüğü belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Kalsiyum elementinin baz alındığı taşların sık olarak görüldüğü, erkeklerde taş oluşumunun daha fazla olduğu ve yaş olarak 19-40 yaş aralığında taş
oluşumunun fazla görüldüğü söylenebilir. Aralıklı olarak üriner sistem taşı oluşumuna maruz kalan kişilerin taşlarının kimyasal bileşim yönünden değerlendirilmesi
ile hastalığın tedavisinin planlanması ve hastalığın tekrar etmesinin önlenmesine yardımcı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
References
- Singh VK, Rai PK. Kidney stone analysis techniques and the role of major and trace elements on their pathogenesis: A review. Biophysical reviews 2014;6(3):291-310.
- Tefekli A, Tok A, Altunrende F, Barut M, Berberoğlu Y, Müslümanoğlu AY. Üriner sistem taş hastalarında yaşam tarzı ve beslenme alışkanlıkları. Türk Üroloji Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Urology 2005;31(1):113-118.
- Turk C, Petřik A, Sarica K, Seitz C, Skolarikos A, Straub M et al. EAU Guidelines on Interventional Treatment for Urolithiasis. Eur Urol. 2016;69:475–482.
- Khalili P, Jamali Z, Sadeghi T, Esmaeili-Nadimi A, Mohamadi M, Moghadam-Ahmadi A, et al. Risk factors of kidney stone disease: a cross-sectional study in the southeast of Iran. BMC Urology 2021;21(1):1-8.
- Romero V, Akpinar H, Assimos DG. Kidney stones: a global picture of prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors. Reviews in Urology, 2010;12(2-3):86-96.
- Basiri A, Shakh SN, Khoushdel A, Pakmanesh H, Radfar MH. Drinking water composition and incidence of urinary calculus introducing a new index. Iran J Kidney Dis. 2011;5(1):15-20.
- Salmeh F, Yaghoubi T, Zakizadeh M, Yaghoubian M, Shahmohammadi S. Evaluation of health behaviours in patients with kidney stones in Sari/Iran. International Journal of Urological Nursing 2012;6(1):17-21.
- Sofia NH, Walter TM, Sanatorium T. Prevalence and risk factors of kidney stone. Global Journal For Research Analysis 2016;5(3):183-187.
- Narter F, Sarıca K. Üriner sistem taş hastalığının biyomoleküler mekanizması. Endoüroloji Bülteni 2013;6:135-142.
- Kirkali Z, Rasooly R, Star RA, Rodgers GP. Urinary stone disease: Progress, status, and needs. Urology 2015;86:651-653.
- Scherer K, Braig E, Willer K, Fingerle AA, Chabior M, Herzen J et al. Non-invasive differentiation of kidney stone types using X-ray dark-field radiography. Sci Rep. 2015;5:9527.
- Sarıkaya S, Yücel Ç, Karşıyakalı N, Sertoğlu E, Kaya E, Ebiloğlu T et al. Analysis of urinary stone types’ distribution in Turkey according to the geographical regions where patients were born and live: A cross-sectional single-center experience. Gulhane Med J. 2020;62(3):163-169.
- Daudon M, Lacour B, Jungers P. Influence of body size on urinary stone composition in men and women. Urol Res. 2006;34:193-199.
- Kadlec AO, Greco KA, Fridirici ZC, Gerber D, Turk TMT. Effect of renal function on urinary mineral excretion and stone composition. Urology 2011;78:744-747.
- Tyson M, Grimes N, McAuley L, Hennessy D, Pahuja A, Young M. Renal and ureteric stone composition: A five year retrospective study for Northern Ireland. Ulster Med J. 2019;88:21-24.
- Kravdal G, Helgo D, Moe MK. Kidney stone compositions and frequencies in a Norwegian population. Scand J Urol. 2019;53:139-144.
- Karabacak OR, Dilli A, Saltas H, Yalcinkaya F, Yorukoglu A, Sertcelik MN. Urology 2013;82:532-537.
- Walker V, Stansbridge EM, Griffin DG. Demography and biochemistry of 2800 patients from a renal stones clinic. Ann Clin Biochem 2013;50:127-139.
- Özbanazı YG, Durmuşcan M, Dikker O, İnan HC, Yıldırmak S, Vardar M. Okmeydanı Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesinde analizi yapılan üriner sistem taşlarının yaş, cinsiyet ve mevsimlere göre dağılımları. Okmeydanı Tıp Dergisi, 2013;29(3):131-134.
- Fan J, Chandhoke PS, Grampes SA. Role of Sex Hormones in Experimental Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999;10:376-380.
- Borghi L, Meschi T, Amato F, Briganti A, Novarini A, Giannini A. Urinary volume, water and recurrences in idiopathic calcium nephrolithiazis: A 5-year randomized prospective study. J Urol. 1996;155:839-843.
- Kulaksızoğlu S, Gözlükaya Ö. Üriner Sistem Taş Hastalığının Nedenleri. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi. 2003;60(1):27-32.
- Hoşcan MB, Oksay T, Tunçkıran A, Özorak A, Ekinci M, Arıkan S. Stone composition of urinary tract stones from our region. SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2012;19(1):17-20.
- İpekçi T, Ateş E, Akın Y. Üriner Sistem Taş Hastalıklarında Genel Metabolik Değerlendirme. Derman Tıbbi Yayıncılık. 2015;1-18.
- Daudon M, Doré JC, Jungers P, Lacour B. Changes in stone composition according to age and gender of patients: A multivariate epidemiological approach. Urological research 2004;32(3):241-247.
- Lieske JC, Rule AD, Krambeck AE, Williams JC, Bergstralh EJ, Mehta RA et al. Stone composition as a function of age and sex. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2014;9(12):2141-6214.
- Rajeev TP, Das N, Kaman PK, Barua SK, Sarma D. Variation of stone composition according to gender and age: Our experience in a tertiary care centre in North East India. International Journal of Research&Review. 2018;5(4):12-20.
- Güner E, Şeker KG. Contents of Urinary System Stones in North Marmara Region and Their Distribution by Gender. Journal of Urological Surgery. 2020;7(1):33-36.
- Wang S, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Tang Y, Li J. Upper urinary tract stone compositions: the role of age and gender. International Braz J Urol. 2019;46:70-80.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | July 10, 2023 |
| Publication Date | July 12, 2023 |
| Submission Date | April 21, 2022 |
| Acceptance Date | May 21, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 18 Issue: 2 |
