Abstract
Printed circuit boards (PCBs) can be produced by chemical or mechanical methods. Continuous copper paths are difficult to print in the chemical method and breaks may occur in copper paths. In addition, this method is harmful to human health and the environment, as various chemicals are used. In the mechanical method, PCB is processed with computer-controlled numerical workbenches (CNC). Although prototyping can be done quickly and without harming the environment with these benches, the desired results may not be obtained. Reasons for unsuccessful machining in CNC machines; manufacturing and assembly errors in the production of benches, the use of low quality mechanical and electronic components, and the reference of a single point especially for the Z-axis of the part connected to the benches. In this paper, a precise and stable PCB Router is presented to make fast, cost-effective and successful PCB machining. In order to minimize the vibration and oscillations of the PCB Router caused by manufacturing and assembly errors, the dimensions of the router were kept low and metal material was preferred for the router body. Precision is ensured by quality motor drivers and stepper motors. The PCB Router is controlled by an original control board. This card is equipped with a multi-point referencing feature for the Z-axis. Thus, homogeneous machining in the Z-axis for the entire surface of the PCB can be realized by performing referencing operations on the PCB connected to the workbench as many points as the user enters. With the developed router, PCBs with rectangular and circular patterns were engraved at cutting depths of 0.030 mm and 0.050 mm with 0.20 mm and 0.30 mm diameter milling tools with a 30-degree tip angle, respectively. Moreover, a 16-terminal integrated circuit element was successfully engraved at a cutting depth of 0.040 mm with a 0.34 mm diameter V-tip with a 30-degree tip angle. Homogeneous milling was achieved utilizing the proposed multi-point referencing feature. Each milling operation was completed in approximately 30 min - 45 min.
Keywords
Printed circuit board Computer-aided design Computer-aided manufacturing CNC 3-Axis Milling
Supporting Institution
Necmettin Erbakan University Scientific Research Projects Unit (Necmettin Erbakan Ünversitesi BAP)
Project Number
221219011
References
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Abstract
Project Number
221219011
References
- H. Shamkhalichenar, C. J. Bueche, and J. W. Choi, “Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Technology for Electrochemical Sensors and Sensing Platforms,” Biosensors, vol. 10, no. 11, 2020, doi: 10.3390/bios10110159.
- Y. Dong, C. Bao, and W. S. Kim, “Sustainable Additive Manufacturing of Printed Circuit Boards,” Joule, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 579–582, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2018.03.015.
- Y. Huang, J.-S. Zhang, X.-Y. Chen, W.-Y. Ho, and W. Li, “Comparison of Cutting Performance of Router with CrAlSiN and DLC Hard Coatings,” Int. J. Mater. Mech. Manuf., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 124–127, 2019, doi: 10.18178/ijmmm.2019.7.3.444.
- U. Shinde, R. Somalwar, N. A. Kale, A. J. Nandeshwar, and A. V. Mendhe, “Short Paper on Cnc Based Pcb Milling Machine Considering Human Safety,” J. Res. Eng. Appl. Sci., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 104–107, 2020, doi: 10.46565/jreas.2020.v05i03.005.
- H. Kaygisiz and K. Çetinkaya, “CNC Milling Training Set Design and Application,” SDU Int. J. Technol. Sci., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 53–71, 2010.
- M. Demir, M. Kuncan, and H. Ertunç, “3 Eksenli Mini Cnc Freze Tezgâhı Tasarımı Ve İmalatı,” in Otomatik Kontrol Ulusal Toplantısı, TOK2013, 2013, pp. 26–28.
- N. Camuscu and E. Aslan, “Comparison of the Performances of Coated Sintered Carbide and Coated Cermet Cutting Tools in End Milling of X210CR12 Cold Work Tool Steel with Different Hardnesses,” 2005.
- F. Gümüş, “Bilgisayarla Bütünleşik İmalat Sistemi Tasarımı,” pp. 53–69, 2017.
- K. J. Madekar, K. R. Nanaware, P. R. Phadtare, and V. S. Mane, “Automatic mini CNC machine for PCB drawing and drilling,” Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol., pp. 3–7, 2016, [Online]. Available: www.irjet.net
- F. Yıldırım, O. Doğan, L. Elen and B. Çiçek, "Transfer of Project Development Training to Vocational High School Students To Three Axis Mini Cnc Router Design: An Applied Study", Uluslararası Eğitim Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi,vol. 3 no.3, Dec., pp. 125-134, 2017.
- V. J. Shilpa, “Design and Implementation of Three-Axis Cost Efficient CNC PCB Milling Machine,” 2018 Int. Conf. Recent Trends Electr. Control Commun., pp. 106–109, 2018.
- M. Raut, G. Shete, S. Vipul, and S. Ashok, “Automatic mini cnc machine for pcb drawing using arduino,” Ijciras, vol. 2, no. August, pp. 51–58, 2019.
- V. Størkersen, “Configuring electrochemical 3D printer for PCB production,” UiT, 2022.
- PCB Universe, “Technical Tips for PCB’s,” 2022. https://www.pcbuniverse.com/pcbu-tech-tips.php?a=4
- JLCPCB, “PCB Manufacturing & Assembly Capabilities,” 2023. https://jlcpcb.com/capabilities/Capabilities
- E. Yavsan, “Development of Innovative and High-Performance Capacitive Rotary Encoder,” Necmettin Erbakan University, 2020.
- Arduino, “Arduino UNO Overview,” 2022. https://docs.arduino.cc/hardware/uno-rev3
- Mach Support, “Mach3 Mill Install Config,” 2022. https://www.machsupport.com/Mach3Mill_Install_Config.pdf
- ProSMT "3 Eksenli CNC Freze Makinesi WEGSTR PCB Devre Kazıma Makinesi", prosmt.com, Available:https://www.prosmt.com/urunler/wegstr-3-eksenli-cnc-freze-makinesi, [Accessed :Feb. 12, 2023].
- Wegstr, " CNC Wegstr ", wegstr.com. [Online]. Available: https://wegstr.com/CNC-Wegstr-(English), [Accessed: Jul 7, 2023].
- Voltera," V-One", www.voltera.io. Available: https://www.voltera.io/v-one. [Online]. [Accessed Jul. 7, 2023].
- Derinmotion, "CUBE 3D RF Pro PCB Prototipleme Makinesi", derinmotion.com. [Online]. Available: https://derinmotion.com/urunler/cube-3d-rf-pro , [Accessed: Jul. 7, 2023].
- Meonotomasyon, " Pcb Ahşap Masaüstü Cnc Router", meonotomasyon.com. [Online]. Available: https://www.meonotomasyon.com/urun/pcb-ahsap-masaustu-cnc-router, [ Accessed Jul. 7, 2023].
- MakerFR, " R-CNC", makerfr.com, Available:https://www.makerfr.com/en/cnc/r-cnc/, [Accessed Jul. 7,2023].
- Github, " DIY Printed small PCB CNC for fast Prototyping ", github.com. [Online]. Available: https://github.com/Shortcircuitboards/PCB-CNC, [Accessed Jul. 7, 2023].
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Engineering |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | 221219011 |
| Publication Date | December 1, 2023 |
| Submission Date | April 4, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | August 15, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 11 Issue: 4 |
