Review
BibTex RIS Cite

POPÜLER SUPLEMENT: KREATİN

Year 2016, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 37 - 47, 28.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.277954

Abstract

Kullanımı çok yaygın olan kreatin suplementasyonu ile
ilgili araştırmalar ve bilgiler sürekli artmakta, literatürü hızla
büyümektedir. Bu derlemeni amacı özellikle farklı sportif branşlarda, cinsiyet,
yaş grubu, antrenman düzeyi farklı araştırmaları gözden geçirmek ve uzun süreli
ve kısa süreli kreatin kullanımının bugün için bilinen etkilerini (sportif
performans, yan etki, fizyolojik değişimler) sunmaktır.



Kısa süreli kreatin suplementasyonu genellikle 5-7 gün
süre ile vücut ağırlığıx0,3gram veya 20-30gram/gün şeklinde
uygulanmaktadır.   Uzun süreli kreatin
suplementasyonu ise 5-7 gün 20 gram /gün yüklemenin devamında 3-5 hafta
0,03gxvücut ağırlığı/gün şeklinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu yükleme
miktarları içerisinde yapılan çalışmalarda yan etki bildirilmemiştir. Ancak
uzun süreli, farklı suplementlerle kombine edilen, tavsiye edilen dozlardan
daha yüksek dozlarda kullanımın karaciğer ve böbrek fonksiyonlarında zararlar
oluşturduğu gösterilmiştir. Yan etkiler açısından bakıldığında, önerilen
sınırlar içinde kreatin suplementasyonu güvenli ve doğal bir ergojenik
yardımcıdır.  Belirtilen limitler
içerisinde yapılan farklı yükleme miktarları, yöntem ve kombinasyonlardaki
çalışmalarda kreatinin performans artışına katkı sağladığı görülmektedir.
Kreatin yüklemesi özellikle yüksek şiddetli antrenman evrelerinde artmış
antrenman yüküne hızlı adaptasyona, 
branşa özgü hareket kalitesinin artmasına ve sakatlık riskinin
azalmasına katkı sağlayabilir.
Gelecekteki çalışmalar farklı spor branşlarında, egzersiz türlerinde, farklı cinsiyet
(özellikle kadın) ve popülasyonda kreatin
kullanımı hakkında daha etkili sonuçlar elde etmek için daha geniş bilgi
sağlayacaktır.

References

  • Aedma M., Timpmann S., Lätt E. & Ööpik V. (2015). Short-term creatine supplementation has no impact on upper-body anaerobic power in trained wrestlers. J Int Soc Sports Nutr., doi: 10.1186/s12970-015-0107-6.
  • Allen PJ. (2012). Creatine metabolism and psychiatric disorders: Does creatine supplementation have therapeutic value? Neurosci Biobehav Rev.
  • Attia A., Ahmed H., Gadelkarim M., Morsi M., Awad K., Elnenny M., Ghanem E., El-Jafaary S. & Negida A. (2016). Meta-analysis of Creatine for neuroprotection against Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets.
  • Azizia M. (2011). The effect of a short-term creatine supplementation on some of the anaerobic performance and sprint swimming records of female competitive swimmers. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences.
  • Bazzucchi I., Felici F. & Sacchetti M. (2009). Effect of short-term creatine supplementation on neuromuscular function. Med Sci Sports Exerc. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a2c05c.
  • Bereket, Yücel S. (2015). Creatine supplementation alters homocysteine level in resistance trained men. J Sports Med Phys Fitness.
  • Bowers, Foss & Fox (2012). Beden Eğitimi ve Sporun Fizyolojik Temelleri Spor Yayınevi (Sf.10-12)
  • Brosnan JT. & Brosnan ME. (2007). Creatine: endogenous metabolite, dietary, and therapeutic supplement. Annu Rev Nutr.
  • Buford TW., Kreider RB., Stout JR., et al. (2007). International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: creatine supplementation and exercise. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr.
  • Catherine G. Ratzin Jackson (2001) Nutrition and Strengh Athlete (159-161)
  • Chwalbiñska-Moneta J. (2003). Effect of creatine supplementation on aerobic performance and anaerobic capacity in elite rowers in the course of endurance training. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.
  • Claudino JG., Mezêncio B., Amaral S., Zanetti V., Benatti F., Roschel H., Gualano B., Amadio AC. & Serrão JC. (2014). Creatine monohydrate supplementation on lower-limb muscle power in Brazilian elite soccer players. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition.
  • Close GL., Hamilton DL., Philp A., Burke LM. & Morton JP. (2016) New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance. Free Radical Biology and Medicine.
  • Evans MW., Ndetan H., Perko M., Williams R. & Walker C. (2012). Dietary Supplement Use by Children and Adolescents in the United States to Enhance Sport Performance: Results of the National Health Interview Survey. The Journal of Primary Prevention. doi:10.1007/s10935-012-0261-4
  • Francaux M & Poortmans J. R. (2006). Side effects of creatine supplementation in athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform.
  • Fukuda DH., Smith AE., Kendall KL., Dwyer TR., Kerksick CM., Beck TW., Cramer JT. & Stout JR. (2010). The effects of creatine loading and gender on anaerobic running capacity. J Strength Cond Res. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e06d0e.
  • Gordon A., Hultman E., Kaijser L., Kristjansson S., Rolf CJ., Nyquist O. & Sylvén C. (1995). Creatine supplementation in chronic heart failure increases skeletal muscle creatine phosphate and muscle performance. Cardiovasc Res.
  • Gotshalk LA., Kraemer WJ., Mendonca MA., Vingren JL., Kenny AM., Spiering BA., Hatfield DL., Fragala MS. & Volek JS. (2008). Creatine supplementation improves muscular performance in older women. Eur J Appl Physiol.
  • Graef JL., Smith AE., Kendall KL., Fukuda DH., Moon JR., Beck TW. & Cramer JT, Stout JR, (2009). The effects of four weeks of creatine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutr. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-6-18.
  • Gualano B., Eric S., Rawson, Darren G., Candow, Philip D. & Chilibeck (2016). Creatine supplementation in the aging population: effects on skeletal muscle, bone and brain. Amino Acids. doi: 10.1007/s00726-016-2239-7.
  • Hall M. & Trojian TH. (2013). Creatine supplementation. Current Sports Medicine Reports.
  • Helms ER., Alan A., Aragon & Peter J. Fitschen (2014). Evidence-based recommendations for natural bodybuilding contest preparation: nutrition and supplementation. J Int Soc Sports Nutr.
  • Hultman E., Söderlund K., Timmons JA., Cederblad G. & Greenhaff PL. (1996). Muscle creatine loading in men. J Appl Physiol.
  • Juhász I., Györe I., Csende Z., Rácz L. & Tihanyi J. (2009). Creatine supplementation improves the anaerobic performance of elite junior fin swimmers. Acta Physiol Hung. doi: 10.1556/APhysiol.96.2009.3.6.
  • Kerksick CM., Wilborn CD., Campbell WI., Harvey TM., Marcello BM., Roberts MD., Parker AG., Byars AG., Greenwood LD., Almada AL., Kreider RB. & Greenwood M. (2009). The effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation with and without D-pinitol on resistance training adaptations. J Strength Cond Res.
  • Lewis R., Kilduff LP., Wang G. & Pitsiladis YP. (2016). The effects of creatine supplementation on thermoregulation and physical (cognitive) performance: a review and future prospects. Amino Acids. doi: 10.1007/s00726-016-2237-9.
  • Lifanov D., Khadyeva MN., Rahmatullina LSh., Demenev SV. & Ibragimov RR. (2014). Effect of creatine supplementation on physical performance are related to the AMPD1 and PPARG genes polymorphisms in football players. Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova.
  • Maughan RJ., Greenhaff PL. & Hespel P. (2011). Dietary Supplements for athletes: Emerging trends and recurring themes. Journal of Sports Sciences.
  • Mero AA., Keskinen KL., Malvela MT. & Sallinen JM. (2004). Combined creatine and sodium bicarbonate supplementation enhances interval swimming. J Strength Cond Res.
  • Mihic S., MacDonald JR., McKenzie S. & Tarnopolsky MA. (2000). .Acute creatine loading increases fat-free mass, but does not affect blood pressure, plasma creatinine, or CK activity in men and women.Med Sci Sports Exerc.
  • Oliver JM., Joubert DP., Martin SE. & Crouse SF. (2012). Oral creatine supplementation's decrease of blood lactate during exhaustive, incremental cycling.
  • Persky AM. & Brazeau GA. (2001): Clinical pharmacology of the dietary supplement creatine monohydrate. Pharmacol Rev.
  • Peyrebrune MC., Nevill ME., Donaldson FJ. & Cosford DJ. (1998). The effects of oral creatine supplementation on performance in single and repeated sprint swimming. J Sports Sci.
  • Pinto CL., Botelho PB., Carneiro JA. & Mota JF. (2016) Impact of creatine supplementation in combination with resistance training on lean mass in the elderly. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12094. Epub 2016 Jan 18.
  • Rawson ES., Conti MP. & Miles MP. (2007). Creatine supplementation does not reduce muscle damage or enhance recovery from resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res.
  • Richard B. Kreider (2003). Effects of creatine supplementation on performance and training adaptations. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry.
  • Roberts PA1, Fox J1, Peirce N1, Jones SW1, Casey A2, Greenhaff PL3,4 (2016) Creatine ingestion augments dietary carbohydrate mediated muscle glycogen supercompensation during the initial 24 h of recovery following prolonged exhaustive exercise in humans. Amino Acids.
  • Tang FC., Chan CC. & Kuo PL. (2014). Contribution of creatine to protein homeostasis in athletes after endurance and sprint running. Eur J Nutr.
  • Thompson CH., Kemp GJ., Sanderson AL., Dixon RM., Styles P. & Taylor DJ. (1996). Radda GK.Effect of creatine on aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in skeletal muscle in swimmers. Br J Sports Med.
  • Unnithan VB., Veehof SH., Vella CA. & Kern M. (2001) Is there a physiologic basis for creatine use in children and adolescents? J Strength Cond Res.
  • Vandenberghe K., Goris M., Hecke P., Leemputte M., Vangerven L. & Hespel P. (1997) Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to muscle performance during resistance training. Journal of Applied Physiology Published.
  • Volek JS., Kraemer WJ., Bush JA., Boetes M., Incledon T., Clark KL. & Lynch JM. (1997). Creatine supplementation enhances muscular performance during high-intensity resistance exercise. J Am Diet Assoc.
  • Walker JB. (1979). Creatine: biosynthesis, regulation, and function. Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol.
  • Williams J., Abt G. & Kilding AE., (2014). Effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation on simulated soccer performance. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2013-0407.
  • Willoughby DS. & Rosene JM. (2003). Effects of oral creatine and resistance training on myogenic regulatory factor expression. Med Sci Sports Exerc.
  • Zanelli, Cordeiro, Beserra & Trindade. (2015). Creatine and resistance training: effect on hydration and lean bodymass. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte.
  • Zervou S., Hannah J., Whittington, Angela J., Russell, Craig A., & Lygate (2016). Augmentation of Creatine in the Heart. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry.

THE POPULAR SUPPLEMENT: CREATINE

Year 2016, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 37 - 47, 28.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.277954

Abstract

Research and information on
creatine supplementation, which is very common in use, is constantly increasing
and the literature about creatine supplementation  is growing rapidly. The aim of this review is
to examine the recent researches especially held in different sports
branches,  different gender, population
and training level and to present  known
effects (on sportive performance, side effects, physiological changes, etc…) of
long-term and short-term supplementation.

Short-term creatine supplementation
is usually administered in 5-7 days at a dose of 0,3xbody weight  or 20-30g / day.
Long-term creatine supplementation
is widely used as 5-7 days 20 g / day loading followed at a dose of 0.03g x
body weight / day for 3-5 weeks. No serious side effects have been reported in
studies carried out within these loading quantities.
  However,
long term use with higher doses than recommended doses and combinations with
different supplements have been shown to cause damage to liver and kidney
function.
In terms of side
effects, creatine supplementation within the recommended limits is a safe and
natural ergogenic aid.
It appears that in studies with different loading quantities, methods, and
combinations within the stated limits creatine contributed to the increase in
performance.
Creatine
supplementation can contribute to rapid adaptation to increased training load,
especially in high intensity training, to increase the quality of  specific movement and to reduce the risk of
injury.
Future
studies will provide more information about creatine supplementation to achieve
more effective results in different sports branches or types of exercise,
different gender (especially women) and populations.

References

  • Aedma M., Timpmann S., Lätt E. & Ööpik V. (2015). Short-term creatine supplementation has no impact on upper-body anaerobic power in trained wrestlers. J Int Soc Sports Nutr., doi: 10.1186/s12970-015-0107-6.
  • Allen PJ. (2012). Creatine metabolism and psychiatric disorders: Does creatine supplementation have therapeutic value? Neurosci Biobehav Rev.
  • Attia A., Ahmed H., Gadelkarim M., Morsi M., Awad K., Elnenny M., Ghanem E., El-Jafaary S. & Negida A. (2016). Meta-analysis of Creatine for neuroprotection against Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets.
  • Azizia M. (2011). The effect of a short-term creatine supplementation on some of the anaerobic performance and sprint swimming records of female competitive swimmers. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences.
  • Bazzucchi I., Felici F. & Sacchetti M. (2009). Effect of short-term creatine supplementation on neuromuscular function. Med Sci Sports Exerc. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a2c05c.
  • Bereket, Yücel S. (2015). Creatine supplementation alters homocysteine level in resistance trained men. J Sports Med Phys Fitness.
  • Bowers, Foss & Fox (2012). Beden Eğitimi ve Sporun Fizyolojik Temelleri Spor Yayınevi (Sf.10-12)
  • Brosnan JT. & Brosnan ME. (2007). Creatine: endogenous metabolite, dietary, and therapeutic supplement. Annu Rev Nutr.
  • Buford TW., Kreider RB., Stout JR., et al. (2007). International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: creatine supplementation and exercise. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr.
  • Catherine G. Ratzin Jackson (2001) Nutrition and Strengh Athlete (159-161)
  • Chwalbiñska-Moneta J. (2003). Effect of creatine supplementation on aerobic performance and anaerobic capacity in elite rowers in the course of endurance training. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.
  • Claudino JG., Mezêncio B., Amaral S., Zanetti V., Benatti F., Roschel H., Gualano B., Amadio AC. & Serrão JC. (2014). Creatine monohydrate supplementation on lower-limb muscle power in Brazilian elite soccer players. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition.
  • Close GL., Hamilton DL., Philp A., Burke LM. & Morton JP. (2016) New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance. Free Radical Biology and Medicine.
  • Evans MW., Ndetan H., Perko M., Williams R. & Walker C. (2012). Dietary Supplement Use by Children and Adolescents in the United States to Enhance Sport Performance: Results of the National Health Interview Survey. The Journal of Primary Prevention. doi:10.1007/s10935-012-0261-4
  • Francaux M & Poortmans J. R. (2006). Side effects of creatine supplementation in athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform.
  • Fukuda DH., Smith AE., Kendall KL., Dwyer TR., Kerksick CM., Beck TW., Cramer JT. & Stout JR. (2010). The effects of creatine loading and gender on anaerobic running capacity. J Strength Cond Res. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e06d0e.
  • Gordon A., Hultman E., Kaijser L., Kristjansson S., Rolf CJ., Nyquist O. & Sylvén C. (1995). Creatine supplementation in chronic heart failure increases skeletal muscle creatine phosphate and muscle performance. Cardiovasc Res.
  • Gotshalk LA., Kraemer WJ., Mendonca MA., Vingren JL., Kenny AM., Spiering BA., Hatfield DL., Fragala MS. & Volek JS. (2008). Creatine supplementation improves muscular performance in older women. Eur J Appl Physiol.
  • Graef JL., Smith AE., Kendall KL., Fukuda DH., Moon JR., Beck TW. & Cramer JT, Stout JR, (2009). The effects of four weeks of creatine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutr. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-6-18.
  • Gualano B., Eric S., Rawson, Darren G., Candow, Philip D. & Chilibeck (2016). Creatine supplementation in the aging population: effects on skeletal muscle, bone and brain. Amino Acids. doi: 10.1007/s00726-016-2239-7.
  • Hall M. & Trojian TH. (2013). Creatine supplementation. Current Sports Medicine Reports.
  • Helms ER., Alan A., Aragon & Peter J. Fitschen (2014). Evidence-based recommendations for natural bodybuilding contest preparation: nutrition and supplementation. J Int Soc Sports Nutr.
  • Hultman E., Söderlund K., Timmons JA., Cederblad G. & Greenhaff PL. (1996). Muscle creatine loading in men. J Appl Physiol.
  • Juhász I., Györe I., Csende Z., Rácz L. & Tihanyi J. (2009). Creatine supplementation improves the anaerobic performance of elite junior fin swimmers. Acta Physiol Hung. doi: 10.1556/APhysiol.96.2009.3.6.
  • Kerksick CM., Wilborn CD., Campbell WI., Harvey TM., Marcello BM., Roberts MD., Parker AG., Byars AG., Greenwood LD., Almada AL., Kreider RB. & Greenwood M. (2009). The effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation with and without D-pinitol on resistance training adaptations. J Strength Cond Res.
  • Lewis R., Kilduff LP., Wang G. & Pitsiladis YP. (2016). The effects of creatine supplementation on thermoregulation and physical (cognitive) performance: a review and future prospects. Amino Acids. doi: 10.1007/s00726-016-2237-9.
  • Lifanov D., Khadyeva MN., Rahmatullina LSh., Demenev SV. & Ibragimov RR. (2014). Effect of creatine supplementation on physical performance are related to the AMPD1 and PPARG genes polymorphisms in football players. Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova.
  • Maughan RJ., Greenhaff PL. & Hespel P. (2011). Dietary Supplements for athletes: Emerging trends and recurring themes. Journal of Sports Sciences.
  • Mero AA., Keskinen KL., Malvela MT. & Sallinen JM. (2004). Combined creatine and sodium bicarbonate supplementation enhances interval swimming. J Strength Cond Res.
  • Mihic S., MacDonald JR., McKenzie S. & Tarnopolsky MA. (2000). .Acute creatine loading increases fat-free mass, but does not affect blood pressure, plasma creatinine, or CK activity in men and women.Med Sci Sports Exerc.
  • Oliver JM., Joubert DP., Martin SE. & Crouse SF. (2012). Oral creatine supplementation's decrease of blood lactate during exhaustive, incremental cycling.
  • Persky AM. & Brazeau GA. (2001): Clinical pharmacology of the dietary supplement creatine monohydrate. Pharmacol Rev.
  • Peyrebrune MC., Nevill ME., Donaldson FJ. & Cosford DJ. (1998). The effects of oral creatine supplementation on performance in single and repeated sprint swimming. J Sports Sci.
  • Pinto CL., Botelho PB., Carneiro JA. & Mota JF. (2016) Impact of creatine supplementation in combination with resistance training on lean mass in the elderly. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12094. Epub 2016 Jan 18.
  • Rawson ES., Conti MP. & Miles MP. (2007). Creatine supplementation does not reduce muscle damage or enhance recovery from resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res.
  • Richard B. Kreider (2003). Effects of creatine supplementation on performance and training adaptations. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry.
  • Roberts PA1, Fox J1, Peirce N1, Jones SW1, Casey A2, Greenhaff PL3,4 (2016) Creatine ingestion augments dietary carbohydrate mediated muscle glycogen supercompensation during the initial 24 h of recovery following prolonged exhaustive exercise in humans. Amino Acids.
  • Tang FC., Chan CC. & Kuo PL. (2014). Contribution of creatine to protein homeostasis in athletes after endurance and sprint running. Eur J Nutr.
  • Thompson CH., Kemp GJ., Sanderson AL., Dixon RM., Styles P. & Taylor DJ. (1996). Radda GK.Effect of creatine on aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in skeletal muscle in swimmers. Br J Sports Med.
  • Unnithan VB., Veehof SH., Vella CA. & Kern M. (2001) Is there a physiologic basis for creatine use in children and adolescents? J Strength Cond Res.
  • Vandenberghe K., Goris M., Hecke P., Leemputte M., Vangerven L. & Hespel P. (1997) Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to muscle performance during resistance training. Journal of Applied Physiology Published.
  • Volek JS., Kraemer WJ., Bush JA., Boetes M., Incledon T., Clark KL. & Lynch JM. (1997). Creatine supplementation enhances muscular performance during high-intensity resistance exercise. J Am Diet Assoc.
  • Walker JB. (1979). Creatine: biosynthesis, regulation, and function. Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol.
  • Williams J., Abt G. & Kilding AE., (2014). Effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation on simulated soccer performance. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2013-0407.
  • Willoughby DS. & Rosene JM. (2003). Effects of oral creatine and resistance training on myogenic regulatory factor expression. Med Sci Sports Exerc.
  • Zanelli, Cordeiro, Beserra & Trindade. (2015). Creatine and resistance training: effect on hydration and lean bodymass. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte.
  • Zervou S., Hannah J., Whittington, Angela J., Russell, Craig A., & Lygate (2016). Augmentation of Creatine in the Heart. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Sports-Health Sciences
Authors

Erkan Günay

Gizem Nur Yıldız This is me

Publication Date December 28, 2016
Acceptance Date December 24, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Günay, E., & Yıldız, G. N. (2016). POPÜLER SUPLEMENT: KREATİN. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 37-47. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.277954
AMA Günay E, Yıldız GN. POPÜLER SUPLEMENT: KREATİN. JSSR. December 2016;1(1):37-47. doi:10.25307/jssr.277954
Chicago Günay, Erkan, and Gizem Nur Yıldız. “POPÜLER SUPLEMENT: KREATİN”. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 1, no. 1 (December 2016): 37-47. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.277954.
EndNote Günay E, Yıldız GN (December 1, 2016) POPÜLER SUPLEMENT: KREATİN. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 1 1 37–47.
IEEE E. Günay and G. N. Yıldız, “POPÜLER SUPLEMENT: KREATİN”, JSSR, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 37–47, 2016, doi: 10.25307/jssr.277954.
ISNAD Günay, Erkan - Yıldız, Gizem Nur. “POPÜLER SUPLEMENT: KREATİN”. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 1/1 (December 2016), 37-47. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.277954.
JAMA Günay E, Yıldız GN. POPÜLER SUPLEMENT: KREATİN. JSSR. 2016;1:37–47.
MLA Günay, Erkan and Gizem Nur Yıldız. “POPÜLER SUPLEMENT: KREATİN”. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 1, no. 1, 2016, pp. 37-47, doi:10.25307/jssr.277954.
Vancouver Günay E, Yıldız GN. POPÜLER SUPLEMENT: KREATİN. JSSR. 2016;1(1):37-4.

26355     18836     18837         8748

Journal Download Statistics