Research Article
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A Simultaneous Determination Method for the Analysis of Chloride and Nitrate Ions in Air Samples by PLS1

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 89 - 96, 28.02.2023
https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1124772

Abstract

This study describes a multi-ion-selective electrode system for the simultaneous determination of nitrate and chloride ions in air samples by using multivariate calibration methods. The measurement system was constituted of two ion-selective electrodes, an Ag/AgCl double-junction reference electrode and a multi-potentiometer. The measurements were performed at pH 5.0 acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer. The obtained data were evaluated by using Partial Least Squares (PLS1). The system was used to analyze the synthetic samples and fume-hood samples in terms of the amount of chloride and nitrate. The percentage recovery values obtained from fume-hood samples were 93.8% ± 3.8 and 102.4% ± 2.5 for chloride and nitrate, respectively. The presented system could be an easy-to-use approach for monitoring the amount of chloride and nitrate species in the scope of occupational health and safety analysis.

Supporting Institution

Ankara University Research Fund

Project Number

BAP No. 12B4240008

Thanks

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of Ankara University Research Fund (BAP No. 12B4240008).

References

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  • 2. Baryla NE, Lucy C. A. Semi-permanent surfactant coatings for inorganic anion analysis in capillary electrophoresis. J. Chromatogr. A. 2002;956(1-2):271-277.
  • 3. Zhang J, Harris A R, Cattrall RW, Bond AM. Voltammetric ion-selective electrodes for the selective determination of cations and anions. Anal. Chem. 2010;82(5):1624-1633.
  • 4. Dalkıran B, Ertürün HEK, Özel AD, Canel E, Özkınalı S, Kılıç E. Chromate-selective electrodes prepared by using calix [4] arenes for the speciation of Cr (VI) and Cr (III). Ionics. 2017;23(9):2509-2519.
  • 5. Suman S, Singh R. Anion selective electrodes: A brief compilation. Microchem. J. 2019;(149):104045.
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  • 11. Altunay N, Katin KP, Gürsoy N, Elik A, Şimşek S, Kaya S. Spectrophotometric determination of aflatoxin B1 in food sample: Chemometric optimization and theoretical supports for reaction mechanisms and binding regions. J. Food Compost. Anal. 2020;(94):103646.
  • 12. Elmas ŞNK, Arslan FN, Akin G, Kenar A, Janssen HG, Yilmaz I. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy combined with chemometrics for rapid assessment of cold–pressed grape seed oil adulteration: Qualitative and quantitative study. Talanta. 2019;(196):22-31.
  • 13. Ata Ş, Akyüz M, Dinç E. Chemometric approach to the optimisation of LC-FL and GC-MS methods for the determination of nitrite and nitrate in some biological, food and environmental samples. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 2016;96(7):636-652.
  • 14. Gardiner J, Stiff MJ. The determination of cadmium. lead, copper and zinc in ground water, estuarine water, sewage and sewage effluent by anodic stripping voltammetry. Water Res. 1975;9(5-6):517-523.
  • 15. Locatelli C, Torsi G. Determination of Se, As, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn and Mn by anodic and cathodic stripping voltammetry in marine environmental matrices in the presence of reciprocal interference. Proposal of a new analytical procedure. Microchem. J. 2000;65(3):293-303.
  • 16. Ergün EGC, Kenar A. Simultaneous determination of copper (II) and zinc (II) via simple acid-base titrimetry using glass pH electrode. Turk. J. Chem. 2018;42(2):257-263.
  • 17. Del Valle M. Sensor arrays and electronic tongue systems. Int. J. Electrochem. 2012;212:986025.
  • 18. Ataş HB, Kenar A, Taştekin M. An electronic tongue for simultaneous determination of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and NH4+ in water samples by multivariate calibration methods. Talanta. 2020;(217):121110.
  • 19. Eylem CC, Taştekin M, Kenar A. Simultaneous determination of copper and zinc in brass samples by PCR and PLS1 methods using a multiple ion-selective electrode array. Talanta. 2018;(183):184-191.
  • 20. Saurina J, López-Aviles E, Moal A, Hernández-Cassou S. Determination of calcium and total hardness in natural waters using a potentiometric sensor array. Anal. Chim. Acta. 2002;464(1):89-98.
  • 21. Gallardo J, Alegret S, Muñoz R, De-Román M, Leija L, Hernandez PR, Del Valle M. An electronic tongue using potentiometric all-solid-state PVC-membrane sensors for the simultaneous quantification of ammonium and potassium ions in water. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2003;377(2):248-256.
  • 22. Calvo D, Bartrolί J, Del Valle M. Multicomponent Titration of Calcium+ Magnesium Mixtures Employing a Potentiometric Electronic‐Tongue. Anal. Lett. 2007;40(8):1579-1595.
  • 23. Wilson D, Del Valle M, Alegret S, Valderrama C, Florido A. Potentiometric electronic tongue-flow injection analysis system for the monitoring of heavy metal biosorption processes. Talanta. 2012;93:285-292.
  • 24. Calvo D, del Valle M. Simultaneous titration of ternary alkaline–earth mixtures employing a potentiometric electronic tongue. Microchem. J. 2007;87(1):27-34.
  • 25. Nery EW, Kubota LT. Integrated, paper-based potentiometric electronic tongue for the analysis of beer and wine. Anal. Chim. Acta. 2016;918:60-68.
  • 26. Cortina M, Duran A, Alegret S, Del Valle M. A sequential injection electronic tongue employing the transient response from potentiometric sensors for anion multidetermination. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2006;385(7):1186-1194.
  • 27. Cuartero M, García MS, Ortuño JA. Differential dynamic potentiometric responses obtained with anion-selective electrodes for perchlorate, thiocyanate, iodide, nitrate, sulfate, picrate and bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide. Electrochim. Acta. 2013;(93):272-278.
  • 28. Wilson D, Abbas MN, Radwan ALA, Del Valle M. Potentiometric electronic tongue to resolve mixtures of sulfide and perchlorate anions. Sensors. 2011;11(3):3214-3226.
  • 29. Gil L, Garcia-Breijo E, Ibañez J, Labrador RH, Llobet E, Martínez-Máñez R, Soto J. Electronic tongue for qualitative analysis of aqueous solutions of salts using thick-film technology and metal electrodes. Sensors. 2006;6(9):1128-1138.
  • 30. Shirmardi A, Shamsipur M, Akhond M, Monjezi J. Electronic tongue for simultaneous determination of cyanide, thiocyanate and iodide. Measurement. 2016;88:27-33.
  • 31. Nuñez L, Cetó X, Pividori MI, Zanoni MVB, Del Valle M. Development and application of an electronic tongue for detection and monitoring of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium levels in waters. Microchem. J. 2013;110:273-279.
  • 32. Gutiérrez M, Alegret S, Caceres R, Casadesús J, Marfa O, Del Valle M. Application of a potentiometric electronic tongue to fertigation strategy in greenhouse cultivation. Comput. Electron. Agr. 2007;57(1):12-22.
  • 33. Ni Y, Kokot S. Does chemometrics enhance the performance of electroanalysis?. Anal. Chim. Acta. 2008;626(2):130-146.
  • 34. Brereton RG. Multilevel Multifactor Designs for Multivariate Calibration. Analyst. 1997;122(12):1521-1529.
  • 35. Brereton RG. Chemometrics. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons; 2003. ISBN: 978-0-470-84574-5. 36. Umezawa Y, Umezawa K, Sato H. Selectivity coefficients for ion-selective electrodes: recommended methods for reporting KA, Bpot values (Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. 1995;67(3):507-518.
Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 89 - 96, 28.02.2023
https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1124772

Abstract

Project Number

BAP No. 12B4240008

References

  • 1. Gómez-Ordóñez E, Alonso E, Rupérez P. A simple ion chromatography method for inorganic anion analysis in edible seaweeds. Talanta. 2010;82(4):1313-1317.
  • 2. Baryla NE, Lucy C. A. Semi-permanent surfactant coatings for inorganic anion analysis in capillary electrophoresis. J. Chromatogr. A. 2002;956(1-2):271-277.
  • 3. Zhang J, Harris A R, Cattrall RW, Bond AM. Voltammetric ion-selective electrodes for the selective determination of cations and anions. Anal. Chem. 2010;82(5):1624-1633.
  • 4. Dalkıran B, Ertürün HEK, Özel AD, Canel E, Özkınalı S, Kılıç E. Chromate-selective electrodes prepared by using calix [4] arenes for the speciation of Cr (VI) and Cr (III). Ionics. 2017;23(9):2509-2519.
  • 5. Suman S, Singh R. Anion selective electrodes: A brief compilation. Microchem. J. 2019;(149):104045.
  • 6. OSHA 3084, (1998). Chemical Hazard Communication U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration. June 01, 2022.
  • 7. Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet, Hydrogen Chloride (2016). June 01, 2022.
  • 8. Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet, Nitric Acid (2016). June 01, 2022.
  • 9. Gemperline P. Practical Guide to Chemometrics. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2006.
  • 10. Moreno-Martin G, León-González ME, Madrid Y. Simultaneous determination of the size and concentration of AgNPs in water samples by UV–vis spectrophotometry and chemometrics tools. Talanta. 2018;(188):393-403.
  • 11. Altunay N, Katin KP, Gürsoy N, Elik A, Şimşek S, Kaya S. Spectrophotometric determination of aflatoxin B1 in food sample: Chemometric optimization and theoretical supports for reaction mechanisms and binding regions. J. Food Compost. Anal. 2020;(94):103646.
  • 12. Elmas ŞNK, Arslan FN, Akin G, Kenar A, Janssen HG, Yilmaz I. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy combined with chemometrics for rapid assessment of cold–pressed grape seed oil adulteration: Qualitative and quantitative study. Talanta. 2019;(196):22-31.
  • 13. Ata Ş, Akyüz M, Dinç E. Chemometric approach to the optimisation of LC-FL and GC-MS methods for the determination of nitrite and nitrate in some biological, food and environmental samples. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 2016;96(7):636-652.
  • 14. Gardiner J, Stiff MJ. The determination of cadmium. lead, copper and zinc in ground water, estuarine water, sewage and sewage effluent by anodic stripping voltammetry. Water Res. 1975;9(5-6):517-523.
  • 15. Locatelli C, Torsi G. Determination of Se, As, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn and Mn by anodic and cathodic stripping voltammetry in marine environmental matrices in the presence of reciprocal interference. Proposal of a new analytical procedure. Microchem. J. 2000;65(3):293-303.
  • 16. Ergün EGC, Kenar A. Simultaneous determination of copper (II) and zinc (II) via simple acid-base titrimetry using glass pH electrode. Turk. J. Chem. 2018;42(2):257-263.
  • 17. Del Valle M. Sensor arrays and electronic tongue systems. Int. J. Electrochem. 2012;212:986025.
  • 18. Ataş HB, Kenar A, Taştekin M. An electronic tongue for simultaneous determination of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and NH4+ in water samples by multivariate calibration methods. Talanta. 2020;(217):121110.
  • 19. Eylem CC, Taştekin M, Kenar A. Simultaneous determination of copper and zinc in brass samples by PCR and PLS1 methods using a multiple ion-selective electrode array. Talanta. 2018;(183):184-191.
  • 20. Saurina J, López-Aviles E, Moal A, Hernández-Cassou S. Determination of calcium and total hardness in natural waters using a potentiometric sensor array. Anal. Chim. Acta. 2002;464(1):89-98.
  • 21. Gallardo J, Alegret S, Muñoz R, De-Román M, Leija L, Hernandez PR, Del Valle M. An electronic tongue using potentiometric all-solid-state PVC-membrane sensors for the simultaneous quantification of ammonium and potassium ions in water. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2003;377(2):248-256.
  • 22. Calvo D, Bartrolί J, Del Valle M. Multicomponent Titration of Calcium+ Magnesium Mixtures Employing a Potentiometric Electronic‐Tongue. Anal. Lett. 2007;40(8):1579-1595.
  • 23. Wilson D, Del Valle M, Alegret S, Valderrama C, Florido A. Potentiometric electronic tongue-flow injection analysis system for the monitoring of heavy metal biosorption processes. Talanta. 2012;93:285-292.
  • 24. Calvo D, del Valle M. Simultaneous titration of ternary alkaline–earth mixtures employing a potentiometric electronic tongue. Microchem. J. 2007;87(1):27-34.
  • 25. Nery EW, Kubota LT. Integrated, paper-based potentiometric electronic tongue for the analysis of beer and wine. Anal. Chim. Acta. 2016;918:60-68.
  • 26. Cortina M, Duran A, Alegret S, Del Valle M. A sequential injection electronic tongue employing the transient response from potentiometric sensors for anion multidetermination. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2006;385(7):1186-1194.
  • 27. Cuartero M, García MS, Ortuño JA. Differential dynamic potentiometric responses obtained with anion-selective electrodes for perchlorate, thiocyanate, iodide, nitrate, sulfate, picrate and bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide. Electrochim. Acta. 2013;(93):272-278.
  • 28. Wilson D, Abbas MN, Radwan ALA, Del Valle M. Potentiometric electronic tongue to resolve mixtures of sulfide and perchlorate anions. Sensors. 2011;11(3):3214-3226.
  • 29. Gil L, Garcia-Breijo E, Ibañez J, Labrador RH, Llobet E, Martínez-Máñez R, Soto J. Electronic tongue for qualitative analysis of aqueous solutions of salts using thick-film technology and metal electrodes. Sensors. 2006;6(9):1128-1138.
  • 30. Shirmardi A, Shamsipur M, Akhond M, Monjezi J. Electronic tongue for simultaneous determination of cyanide, thiocyanate and iodide. Measurement. 2016;88:27-33.
  • 31. Nuñez L, Cetó X, Pividori MI, Zanoni MVB, Del Valle M. Development and application of an electronic tongue for detection and monitoring of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium levels in waters. Microchem. J. 2013;110:273-279.
  • 32. Gutiérrez M, Alegret S, Caceres R, Casadesús J, Marfa O, Del Valle M. Application of a potentiometric electronic tongue to fertigation strategy in greenhouse cultivation. Comput. Electron. Agr. 2007;57(1):12-22.
  • 33. Ni Y, Kokot S. Does chemometrics enhance the performance of electroanalysis?. Anal. Chim. Acta. 2008;626(2):130-146.
  • 34. Brereton RG. Multilevel Multifactor Designs for Multivariate Calibration. Analyst. 1997;122(12):1521-1529.
  • 35. Brereton RG. Chemometrics. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons; 2003. ISBN: 978-0-470-84574-5. 36. Umezawa Y, Umezawa K, Sato H. Selectivity coefficients for ion-selective electrodes: recommended methods for reporting KA, Bpot values (Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. 1995;67(3):507-518.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Analytical Chemistry
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Çiğdem Kuş 0000-0001-9235-1083

Havva Ataş 0000-0002-4829-6969

Adnan Kenar 0000-0002-2865-7966

Mustafa Taştekin 0000-0003-3555-0283

Project Number BAP No. 12B4240008
Publication Date February 28, 2023
Submission Date June 1, 2022
Acceptance Date January 4, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Kuş Ç, Ataş H, Kenar A, Taştekin M. A Simultaneous Determination Method for the Analysis of Chloride and Nitrate Ions in Air Samples by PLS1. JOTCSA. 2023;10(1):89-96.