Research Article
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Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 821 - 834, 31.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.753579

Abstract

Supporting Institution

İnönü Üniversitesi Bap birimi

Project Number

FDI-2017-680

References

  • 1. Ayinla RT, Dennis J, Zaid H, Sanusi Y, Usman F, Adebayo L. A review of technical advances of recent palm bio-waste conversion to activated carbon for energy storage. Journal of cleaner production. 2019;229:1427-42.
  • 2. Mayyas M, Sahajwalla V. Carbon nano-sponge with enhanced electrochemical properties: A new understanding of carbon activation. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2019;358:980-91.
  • 3. Khan JH, Marpaung F, Young C, Lin J, İslam MT, Alsheri SM, Ahamad T, Alhokbany N, Ariga K, Shrestha LK, Yamauchi Y, W. Wu KC, Hossain MSA, Kim J. Jute-derived microporous/mesoporous carbon with ultra-high surface area using a chemical activation process. Microporous Mesoporous Materials. 2019;274:251-6.
  • 4. Zhang Y, Song X, Xu Y, Shen H, Kong X, Xu H. Utilization of wheat bran for producing activated carbon with high specific surface area via NaOH activation using industrial furnace. Journal of cleaner production. 2019;210:366-75.
  • 5. Sharma M, Joshi M, Nigam S, Shree S, Avasthi DK, Adelung R, Srivastava SK, Mishra YK. ZnO tetrapods and activated carbon based hybrid composite: Adsorbents for enhanced decontamination of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2019;358:540-51.
  • 6. Abdullah MO, Tan IW, Lim LS. Automobile adsorption air-conditioning system using oil palm biomass-based activated carbon: a review. Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2011; 15:2061-72.
  • 7. Hu Z, Srinivasan M. Mesoporous high-surface-area activated carbon. Microporous Mesoporous Materials. 2001;43:267-75. 8. Sinha P, Banerjee S, Kar K.K. Characteristics of activated carbon. Springer Series in Materials Science. 2020. ISBN: 978-3-030-43009-2
  • 9. Oliveira L, Pereira E, Guimaraes R, Vallone A, Pereira M, Mesquita JP, Sapag K. Preparation of activated carbons from coffee husks utilizing FeCl3 and ZnCl2 as activating agents. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2009;165;87-94.
  • 10. Chandra TC, Mirna M, Sudaryanto Y, Ismadji S. Adsorption of basic dye onto activated carbon prepared from durian shell: Studies of adsorption equilibrium and kinetics. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2007;127:121-9.
  • 11. Martinez ML, Torres MM, Guzman CA, Maestri DM. Preparation and characteristics of activated carbon from olive stones and walnut shells. Industrial crops products. 2006;23:23-8.
  • 12. Gao P, Liu Z-H, Xue G, Han B, Zhou M-H. Preparation and characterization of activated carbon produced from rice straw by (NH4) 2HPO4 activation. Bioresource technology.2011;102:3645-8.
  • 13. Foo K, Hameed B, Microwave-assisted preparation of oil palm fiber activated carbon for methylene blue adsorption. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2011;166:792-5.
  • 14. Gonzalez JF, Roman S, González-García CM, Nabais JV, Ortiz AL. Porosity development in activated carbons prepared from walnut shells by carbon dioxide or steam activation. Industrial engineering chemistry research. 2009;48:7474-81.
  • 15. Chen Y, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Li Y, Wang L, Ding L, Gao X, Ma Y, Guo Y. Application studies of activated carbon derived from rice husks produced by chemical-thermal process—A review, Advances in colloid interface science, 2011;163:39-52. 16. Demirbas E, Kobya M, Sulak M. Adsorption kinetics of a basic dye from aqueous solutions onto apricot stone activated carbon. Bioresource technology. 2008;99:5368-73.
  • 17. Angin D. Production and characterization of activated carbon from sour cherry stones by zinc chloride. Fuel. 2014;115:804-11.
  • 18. Van Thuan T, Quynh BTP, Nguyen TD, Bach LG. Response surface methodology approach for optimization of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Pb2+ adsorption using KOH-activated carbon from banana peel. Surfaces Interfaces. 2017;6:209-17.
  • 19. Srinivasakannan C, Bakar MZA. Production of activated carbon from rubber wood sawdust. Biomass and Bioenergy.2004;27;89-96.
  • 20. Suzuki R, Andrade A, Sousa J, Rollemberg M. Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from rice bran. Bioresource technology. 2007;98:1985-91.
  • 21. Mohan D, Sarswat A, Singh VK, Alexandre-Franco M, Pittman Jr. C. Development of magnetic activated carbon from almond shells for trinitrophenol removal from water. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2011;172:1111-25.
  • 22. Yagmur E, Ozmak M, Aktas Z. A novel method for production of activated carbon from waste tea by chemical activation with microwave energy. Fuel. 2008;87:3278-85.
  • 23. Yang J, Qiu K. Development of high surface area mesoporous activated carbons from herb residues. Chemical engineering journal. 2011;167:148-54. 24. Bagheri N, Abedi J, Adsorption of methane on corn cobs based activated carbon. Chemical Engineering Research Design. 2011;89:2038-43. 25. Teker M, Saltabaş Ö, İmamoğlu M. Adsorption of cobalt by activated carbon from the rice hulls. Journal of Environmental Science Health Part A. 1997;32:2077-86.
  • 26. Krishnan KA, Anirudhan T. Uptake of heavy metals in batch systems by sulfurized steam activated carbon prepared from sugarcane bagasse pith. Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research. 2002;41:5085-93.
  • 27. Deng H, Zhang G, Xu X, Tao G, Dai J. Optimization of preparation of activated carbon from cotton stalk by microwave assisted phosphoric acid-chemical activation. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2010;182:217-24.
  • 28. Fernandez ME, Nunell GV, Bonelli PR, Cukierman AL. Activated carbon developed from orange peels: Batch and dynamic competitive adsorption of basic dyes. Industrial Crops Products. 2014;62:437-45.
  • 29. Alhamed YA. Adsorption kinetics and performance of packed bed adsorber for phenol removal using activated carbon from dates’ stones. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2009;170:763-70.
  • 30. Gupta VK, Jain R, Shrivastava M, Nayak A. Equilibrium and thermodynamic studies on the adsorption of the dye tartrazine onto waste “coconut husks” carbon and activated carbon. Journal of Chemical Engineering Data. 2010;55:5083-90.
  • 31. Pallares J, Cencerrado GA, Arauzo I. Production and characterization of activated carbon from barley straw by physical activation with carbon dioxide and steam. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2018;115:64-73. 32. Jurado-Sanchez B, Sattayasamitsathit S, Gao W, Santos L, Fedorak Y, Sing Vv, Orozco J, Galarnyk M, Wang J. Self‐Propelled Activated Carbon Janus Micromotors for Efficient Water Purification. Small. 2015;11:499-506. 33. Matsuo T, Nishi T. Activated carbon filter treatment of laundry waste water in nuclear power plants and filter recovery by heating in vacuum. Carbon. 2000;38(5):709-14.
  • 34. Sircar S, Golden T, Rao M. Activated carbon for gas separation and storage. Carbon. 1996;34(1):1-12.
  • 35. Fang B, Binder L. A modified activated carbon aerogel for high-energy storage in electric double layer capacitors. Journal of power sources. 2006;163; 616-22.
  • 36. Faria P, Órfão J, Pereira M. Activated carbon catalytic ozonation of oxamic and oxalic acids. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 2008;79:237-43.
  • 37. Rivera-Utrilla J, Sánchez-Polo M, Gómez-Serrano V, Alvarez P, Alvim-Ferraz M, Dias J. Activated carbon modifications to enhance its water treatment applications. An overview. Journal of hazardous materials. 2011;187:1-23.
  • 38. Snyder AS, Adham S, Redding AM, Cannon FS, Decarolis J, Oppenheimer J, Wert EC, Yoon Y. Role of membranes and activated carbon in the removal of endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals, Desalination, 2007;202:156-81.
  • 39. Park JH, Park OO. Hybrid electrochemical capacitors based on polyaniline and activated carbon electrodes. Journal of Power Sources. 2002;111:185-0.
  • 40. Anirudhan T, Sreekumari S, Bringle C. Removal of phenols from water and petroleum industry refinery effluents by activated carbon obtained from coconut coir pith. Adsorption. 2009;15;439.
  • 41. Vargas AM, Cazetta AL, Kunita MH, Silva TL, Almeida VC. Adsorption of methylene blue on activated carbon produced from flamboyant pods (Delonix regia): Study of adsorption isotherms and kinetic models. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2011;168:722-30.
  • 42. Anyika C, Asri NAM, Majid ZA, Yahya A, Jaafar J. Synthesis and characterization of magnetic activated carbon developed from palm kernel shells. Nanotechnology for Environmental Engineering. 2017; 2: 16.
  • 43. Prauchner JM, Sapag K, Reinoso RF. Tailoring biomass-based activated carbon for CH4 storage by combining chemical activation with H3PO4 or ZnCl2 and physical activation with CO2. 2016;110:138-47.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption Properties of Highly Microporous Structured Activated Carbon

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 821 - 834, 31.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.753579

Abstract

The aim of this study is to synthesize activated carbon with high surface area from peach kernel shells which is an agricultural waste. In this study, activated carbon synthesis was carried out by using CO2 at 2 different temperatures (800 and 900 °C) with physical activation from products carbonized at 4 different temperatures (300, 400, 500, and 600 °C) and 2 different N2 gas flow rates (100 and 500 mL/min). After carbonization, solid, liquid, and gas yields of the materials were calculated. The surface area of activated carbons synthesized was calculated by BET analysis and the differences in the surface area were shown by changing the synthesis conditions. Surface areas vary between 340.15 and 686.74 m2/g. In samples pores formed were examined by DFT plus. It was found that most of these pores consist of micropores. Also, the structures of the samples were examined with SEM and XRD analyses. Methylene blue removal of the synthesized samples was studied and the results were compared.

Project Number

FDI-2017-680

References

  • 1. Ayinla RT, Dennis J, Zaid H, Sanusi Y, Usman F, Adebayo L. A review of technical advances of recent palm bio-waste conversion to activated carbon for energy storage. Journal of cleaner production. 2019;229:1427-42.
  • 2. Mayyas M, Sahajwalla V. Carbon nano-sponge with enhanced electrochemical properties: A new understanding of carbon activation. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2019;358:980-91.
  • 3. Khan JH, Marpaung F, Young C, Lin J, İslam MT, Alsheri SM, Ahamad T, Alhokbany N, Ariga K, Shrestha LK, Yamauchi Y, W. Wu KC, Hossain MSA, Kim J. Jute-derived microporous/mesoporous carbon with ultra-high surface area using a chemical activation process. Microporous Mesoporous Materials. 2019;274:251-6.
  • 4. Zhang Y, Song X, Xu Y, Shen H, Kong X, Xu H. Utilization of wheat bran for producing activated carbon with high specific surface area via NaOH activation using industrial furnace. Journal of cleaner production. 2019;210:366-75.
  • 5. Sharma M, Joshi M, Nigam S, Shree S, Avasthi DK, Adelung R, Srivastava SK, Mishra YK. ZnO tetrapods and activated carbon based hybrid composite: Adsorbents for enhanced decontamination of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2019;358:540-51.
  • 6. Abdullah MO, Tan IW, Lim LS. Automobile adsorption air-conditioning system using oil palm biomass-based activated carbon: a review. Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2011; 15:2061-72.
  • 7. Hu Z, Srinivasan M. Mesoporous high-surface-area activated carbon. Microporous Mesoporous Materials. 2001;43:267-75. 8. Sinha P, Banerjee S, Kar K.K. Characteristics of activated carbon. Springer Series in Materials Science. 2020. ISBN: 978-3-030-43009-2
  • 9. Oliveira L, Pereira E, Guimaraes R, Vallone A, Pereira M, Mesquita JP, Sapag K. Preparation of activated carbons from coffee husks utilizing FeCl3 and ZnCl2 as activating agents. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2009;165;87-94.
  • 10. Chandra TC, Mirna M, Sudaryanto Y, Ismadji S. Adsorption of basic dye onto activated carbon prepared from durian shell: Studies of adsorption equilibrium and kinetics. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2007;127:121-9.
  • 11. Martinez ML, Torres MM, Guzman CA, Maestri DM. Preparation and characteristics of activated carbon from olive stones and walnut shells. Industrial crops products. 2006;23:23-8.
  • 12. Gao P, Liu Z-H, Xue G, Han B, Zhou M-H. Preparation and characterization of activated carbon produced from rice straw by (NH4) 2HPO4 activation. Bioresource technology.2011;102:3645-8.
  • 13. Foo K, Hameed B, Microwave-assisted preparation of oil palm fiber activated carbon for methylene blue adsorption. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2011;166:792-5.
  • 14. Gonzalez JF, Roman S, González-García CM, Nabais JV, Ortiz AL. Porosity development in activated carbons prepared from walnut shells by carbon dioxide or steam activation. Industrial engineering chemistry research. 2009;48:7474-81.
  • 15. Chen Y, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Li Y, Wang L, Ding L, Gao X, Ma Y, Guo Y. Application studies of activated carbon derived from rice husks produced by chemical-thermal process—A review, Advances in colloid interface science, 2011;163:39-52. 16. Demirbas E, Kobya M, Sulak M. Adsorption kinetics of a basic dye from aqueous solutions onto apricot stone activated carbon. Bioresource technology. 2008;99:5368-73.
  • 17. Angin D. Production and characterization of activated carbon from sour cherry stones by zinc chloride. Fuel. 2014;115:804-11.
  • 18. Van Thuan T, Quynh BTP, Nguyen TD, Bach LG. Response surface methodology approach for optimization of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Pb2+ adsorption using KOH-activated carbon from banana peel. Surfaces Interfaces. 2017;6:209-17.
  • 19. Srinivasakannan C, Bakar MZA. Production of activated carbon from rubber wood sawdust. Biomass and Bioenergy.2004;27;89-96.
  • 20. Suzuki R, Andrade A, Sousa J, Rollemberg M. Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from rice bran. Bioresource technology. 2007;98:1985-91.
  • 21. Mohan D, Sarswat A, Singh VK, Alexandre-Franco M, Pittman Jr. C. Development of magnetic activated carbon from almond shells for trinitrophenol removal from water. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2011;172:1111-25.
  • 22. Yagmur E, Ozmak M, Aktas Z. A novel method for production of activated carbon from waste tea by chemical activation with microwave energy. Fuel. 2008;87:3278-85.
  • 23. Yang J, Qiu K. Development of high surface area mesoporous activated carbons from herb residues. Chemical engineering journal. 2011;167:148-54. 24. Bagheri N, Abedi J, Adsorption of methane on corn cobs based activated carbon. Chemical Engineering Research Design. 2011;89:2038-43. 25. Teker M, Saltabaş Ö, İmamoğlu M. Adsorption of cobalt by activated carbon from the rice hulls. Journal of Environmental Science Health Part A. 1997;32:2077-86.
  • 26. Krishnan KA, Anirudhan T. Uptake of heavy metals in batch systems by sulfurized steam activated carbon prepared from sugarcane bagasse pith. Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research. 2002;41:5085-93.
  • 27. Deng H, Zhang G, Xu X, Tao G, Dai J. Optimization of preparation of activated carbon from cotton stalk by microwave assisted phosphoric acid-chemical activation. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2010;182:217-24.
  • 28. Fernandez ME, Nunell GV, Bonelli PR, Cukierman AL. Activated carbon developed from orange peels: Batch and dynamic competitive adsorption of basic dyes. Industrial Crops Products. 2014;62:437-45.
  • 29. Alhamed YA. Adsorption kinetics and performance of packed bed adsorber for phenol removal using activated carbon from dates’ stones. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2009;170:763-70.
  • 30. Gupta VK, Jain R, Shrivastava M, Nayak A. Equilibrium and thermodynamic studies on the adsorption of the dye tartrazine onto waste “coconut husks” carbon and activated carbon. Journal of Chemical Engineering Data. 2010;55:5083-90.
  • 31. Pallares J, Cencerrado GA, Arauzo I. Production and characterization of activated carbon from barley straw by physical activation with carbon dioxide and steam. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2018;115:64-73. 32. Jurado-Sanchez B, Sattayasamitsathit S, Gao W, Santos L, Fedorak Y, Sing Vv, Orozco J, Galarnyk M, Wang J. Self‐Propelled Activated Carbon Janus Micromotors for Efficient Water Purification. Small. 2015;11:499-506. 33. Matsuo T, Nishi T. Activated carbon filter treatment of laundry waste water in nuclear power plants and filter recovery by heating in vacuum. Carbon. 2000;38(5):709-14.
  • 34. Sircar S, Golden T, Rao M. Activated carbon for gas separation and storage. Carbon. 1996;34(1):1-12.
  • 35. Fang B, Binder L. A modified activated carbon aerogel for high-energy storage in electric double layer capacitors. Journal of power sources. 2006;163; 616-22.
  • 36. Faria P, Órfão J, Pereira M. Activated carbon catalytic ozonation of oxamic and oxalic acids. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 2008;79:237-43.
  • 37. Rivera-Utrilla J, Sánchez-Polo M, Gómez-Serrano V, Alvarez P, Alvim-Ferraz M, Dias J. Activated carbon modifications to enhance its water treatment applications. An overview. Journal of hazardous materials. 2011;187:1-23.
  • 38. Snyder AS, Adham S, Redding AM, Cannon FS, Decarolis J, Oppenheimer J, Wert EC, Yoon Y. Role of membranes and activated carbon in the removal of endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals, Desalination, 2007;202:156-81.
  • 39. Park JH, Park OO. Hybrid electrochemical capacitors based on polyaniline and activated carbon electrodes. Journal of Power Sources. 2002;111:185-0.
  • 40. Anirudhan T, Sreekumari S, Bringle C. Removal of phenols from water and petroleum industry refinery effluents by activated carbon obtained from coconut coir pith. Adsorption. 2009;15;439.
  • 41. Vargas AM, Cazetta AL, Kunita MH, Silva TL, Almeida VC. Adsorption of methylene blue on activated carbon produced from flamboyant pods (Delonix regia): Study of adsorption isotherms and kinetic models. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2011;168:722-30.
  • 42. Anyika C, Asri NAM, Majid ZA, Yahya A, Jaafar J. Synthesis and characterization of magnetic activated carbon developed from palm kernel shells. Nanotechnology for Environmental Engineering. 2017; 2: 16.
  • 43. Prauchner JM, Sapag K, Reinoso RF. Tailoring biomass-based activated carbon for CH4 storage by combining chemical activation with H3PO4 or ZnCl2 and physical activation with CO2. 2016;110:138-47.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Physical Chemistry
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İlhan Küçük 0000-0003-2876-3942

Yunus Önal 0000-0001-6342-6816

Project Number FDI-2017-680
Publication Date August 31, 2021
Submission Date June 16, 2020
Acceptance Date July 12, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Küçük İ, Önal Y. Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption Properties of Highly Microporous Structured Activated Carbon. JOTCSA. 2021;8(3):821-34.