Abstract
Giriş: Kadınların yaşlanmasının doğal süreci olan menopoz, beraberinde pek çok sorunu da getirmektedir. Menopozla birlikte meme bezi dokusu kaybı hızla artar ve meme bezlerinde atrofi, dejenerasyon ve hyalinizasyona bağlı olarak büyük kayıplar meydana gelir. Ultrasonografi (USG) bu meme değişikliklerinin tespit edilmesine yardımcı olur. Bu çalışmada menopozal olgularda 40 yıl öncesi ve sonrası meme USG bulguları karşılaştırıldı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Göztepe Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın Şehir Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniği’ne Ekim 2014-Eylül 2020 tarihleri arasında başvuran menopozal hastaların dosyaları retrospektif olarak taranarak analiz edildi. Menopoza giren hastaların yaşlarına göre 1. grup 40 yaş altı ve 2. grup 40 yaş üstü olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. 1. grupta (olgu grubu) 52 hasta ve 2. grupta (kontrol grubu) 67 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılanların yaş ortalaması 1. grupta 33.2, 2. grupta 48.6 idi. Vücut kitle indeksleri (BKİ) grup 1’de 24,8 kg/m², grup 2’de 25.1 kg/m² idi. Meme USG bulguları incelendiğinde 1. grupta kist oluşum insidansı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu. 2. grup (p<0.05) ve fibroadenom insidansı 1. grupta 2. gruba göre anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Menopoz, kadınların hayatında önemli bir dönemdir. Meme USG tanı amaçlı yardımcı muayene olarak kullanılabilir. Bu çalışmada meme kitleleri ve malignite oranları menopoz yaşı ve özellikle ileri yaşlarda menopoz ile doğrudan ilişkilidir.
Keywords
References
- Abdalla A, Ali M, Saleh W. Pattern of breast diseases among women patients attending Al-Beyda Medical Center. AlQalam J Med Appl Sci 2022; 5: 235-41.
- Ahmad F, Mittal A, Verma P, Kumar A, Awasthi S, Dutta S. Cytomorphological study of palpable breast lumps: spectrum of lesions and diagnostic utility of FNAC. Annals Int Med Dent Research 2016; 2: 237.
- Ahmad S, Tripathi T, Maqbool A, Farheen Z, Niranjan G. Study of breast lump cytology evaluation in pre-menopausal females. Saudi J Biomed Res 2020; 10.36348/sjbr.2020.v05i08.002.
- Chen HH, Chen HM, Lin CH et al. Association of the risk of primary sjögren’s syndrome with fibrocystic breast disease: a nationwide, population-based study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8: 704593.
- Dibaba DT, Ogunsina K, Braithwaite D, Akinyemiju T. Metabolic syndrome and risk of breast cancer mortality by menopause, obesity, and subtype. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 174: 209-18.
- Dunneram Y, Greenwood DC, Cade JE. Diet, menopause and the risk of ovarian, endometrial and breast cancer. Proc Nutr Soc 2019; 78: 438-48.
- Eleazu IC, Jones-O’Connor M, Honigberg MC. The impact of premature menopause on future risk of cardiovascular disease. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med 2020; 22: 1-11.
- Faguy K. Fibrocystic breast changes. Radiol Technol 2022; 93: 303M-15M.
- Gompel A, Plu-Bureau G. Progesterone, progestins and the breast in menopause treatment. Climacteric 2018; 21: 326-32.
- Gorasiya B, Jhaveri S. Cytological study of spectrum of lesions of palpable breast lumps by FNAC at SMIMER Hospital, Surat. National J Med Res 2019; 9: 82-4.
- Güngör ND, Gürbüz T, Okçu NT. Correlation between HbA1c and fibrocystic breast disease among polycystic ovary syndrome. Cumhuriyet Med J 2020; 42: 383-9.
- Honigberg MC, Zekavat SM, Niroula A, et al. Premature menopause, clonal hematopoiesis, and coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women. Circulation 2021; 143: 410-23.
- Karasu AFG, Ates S, Gurbuz T, Sahin N, Takmaz T, Aydin S. A clinico-pathological study of transvaginal endometrial thickness measurement in asymptomatic postmenopausal patients and patients with postmenopausal bleeding. Gynecol Obstet Reprod Med 2019; 25: 85-8.
- Kohnepoushi P, Dehghanbanadaki H, Mohammadzedeh P, Nikouei M, Moradi Y. The effect of the polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothyroidism on the risk of fibrocystic breast changes: a meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22: 1-8.
- Levine JM, Whitton JA, Ginsberg JP, et al. Nonsurgical premature menopause and reproductive implications in survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study. Cancer 2018; 124: 1044-52.
- Li H, Wang Z, Liu J-S, et al. Association between breast and thyroid lesions: a cross-sectional study based on ultrasonography screening in China. Thyroid 2020; 30: 1150-8.
- Lee DY. Tissue-selective estrogen complex and breast. J Menopausal Med 2020; 26: 99.
- Pleasant V. Management of breast complaints and high-risk lesions. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynecol 2022: 1521-6934.
- Rao BV, Rao GS. Benign breast disorders and diseases in rural Andhra Pradesh: A prospective study. Int J Surg 2021; 5: 149-51.
- Sfakianoudis K, Simopoulou M, Nitsos N, et al. Autologous platelet-rich plasma treatment enables pregnancy for a woman in premature menopause. J Clin Med 2018; 8: 1.
- Singh K, Singh S. Cytomorphological evaluation of palpable breast lump in third decade females. J Lab Med 2020; 9: 30-3.
- Stachs A, Stubert J, Reimer T, Hartmann S. Benign breast disease in women. Deutsches Ärzteblatt Int 2019; 116: 565.
Abstract
Aim: Menopause, the natural process of women’s aging, brings many problems. With menopause, the loss of mammary glandular tissue increases rapidly, and large losses occur in the mammary glands due to atrophy, degeneration, and hyalinization. Ultrasonography (USG) helps to detect these breast changes. This study compared breast USG findings in menopausal cases before and after 40 years.
Material and Method: The files of menopausal patients who applied to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of Göztepe Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital between October 2014 and September 2020 were retrospectively scanned and analyzed. According to the age of patients entering menopause, it was divided into two groups: 1st group under 40 years old and 2nd group over 40 years old. 52 patients in the 1st group (case group) and 67 patients in the 2nd group (control group) were included in the study.
Results: The mean age of the participants in the study was 33.2 in the 1st group and 48.6 in the 2nd group. Body mass indexes (BMI) were 24.8 kg/m² in group 1 and 25.1 kg/m² in group 2. When the breast USG findings were examined, the incidence of cyst formation in the 1st group was found to be statistically significantly higher than in the 2nd group (p<0.05), and the incidence of fibroadenoma was found to be significantly higher in the 1st group than in the 2nd group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Menopause is an important period in the life of women. Breast USG can be used as an auxiliary examination for diagnostic purposes. In the present study, the rate of breast masses and malignancies was directly related to menopausal age and especially menopause at older ages.
Keywords
References
- Abdalla A, Ali M, Saleh W. Pattern of breast diseases among women patients attending Al-Beyda Medical Center. AlQalam J Med Appl Sci 2022; 5: 235-41.
- Ahmad F, Mittal A, Verma P, Kumar A, Awasthi S, Dutta S. Cytomorphological study of palpable breast lumps: spectrum of lesions and diagnostic utility of FNAC. Annals Int Med Dent Research 2016; 2: 237.
- Ahmad S, Tripathi T, Maqbool A, Farheen Z, Niranjan G. Study of breast lump cytology evaluation in pre-menopausal females. Saudi J Biomed Res 2020; 10.36348/sjbr.2020.v05i08.002.
- Chen HH, Chen HM, Lin CH et al. Association of the risk of primary sjögren’s syndrome with fibrocystic breast disease: a nationwide, population-based study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8: 704593.
- Dibaba DT, Ogunsina K, Braithwaite D, Akinyemiju T. Metabolic syndrome and risk of breast cancer mortality by menopause, obesity, and subtype. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 174: 209-18.
- Dunneram Y, Greenwood DC, Cade JE. Diet, menopause and the risk of ovarian, endometrial and breast cancer. Proc Nutr Soc 2019; 78: 438-48.
- Eleazu IC, Jones-O’Connor M, Honigberg MC. The impact of premature menopause on future risk of cardiovascular disease. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med 2020; 22: 1-11.
- Faguy K. Fibrocystic breast changes. Radiol Technol 2022; 93: 303M-15M.
- Gompel A, Plu-Bureau G. Progesterone, progestins and the breast in menopause treatment. Climacteric 2018; 21: 326-32.
- Gorasiya B, Jhaveri S. Cytological study of spectrum of lesions of palpable breast lumps by FNAC at SMIMER Hospital, Surat. National J Med Res 2019; 9: 82-4.
- Güngör ND, Gürbüz T, Okçu NT. Correlation between HbA1c and fibrocystic breast disease among polycystic ovary syndrome. Cumhuriyet Med J 2020; 42: 383-9.
- Honigberg MC, Zekavat SM, Niroula A, et al. Premature menopause, clonal hematopoiesis, and coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women. Circulation 2021; 143: 410-23.
- Karasu AFG, Ates S, Gurbuz T, Sahin N, Takmaz T, Aydin S. A clinico-pathological study of transvaginal endometrial thickness measurement in asymptomatic postmenopausal patients and patients with postmenopausal bleeding. Gynecol Obstet Reprod Med 2019; 25: 85-8.
- Kohnepoushi P, Dehghanbanadaki H, Mohammadzedeh P, Nikouei M, Moradi Y. The effect of the polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothyroidism on the risk of fibrocystic breast changes: a meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22: 1-8.
- Levine JM, Whitton JA, Ginsberg JP, et al. Nonsurgical premature menopause and reproductive implications in survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study. Cancer 2018; 124: 1044-52.
- Li H, Wang Z, Liu J-S, et al. Association between breast and thyroid lesions: a cross-sectional study based on ultrasonography screening in China. Thyroid 2020; 30: 1150-8.
- Lee DY. Tissue-selective estrogen complex and breast. J Menopausal Med 2020; 26: 99.
- Pleasant V. Management of breast complaints and high-risk lesions. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynecol 2022: 1521-6934.
- Rao BV, Rao GS. Benign breast disorders and diseases in rural Andhra Pradesh: A prospective study. Int J Surg 2021; 5: 149-51.
- Sfakianoudis K, Simopoulou M, Nitsos N, et al. Autologous platelet-rich plasma treatment enables pregnancy for a woman in premature menopause. J Clin Med 2018; 8: 1.
- Singh K, Singh S. Cytomorphological evaluation of palpable breast lump in third decade females. J Lab Med 2020; 9: 30-3.
- Stachs A, Stubert J, Reimer T, Hartmann S. Benign breast disease in women. Deutsches Ärzteblatt Int 2019; 116: 565.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Research Articles [en] Araştırma Makaleleri [tr] |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 28, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 3 Issue: 2 |
TR DİZİN ULAKBİM and International Indexes (1d)
Interuniversity Board (UAK) Equivalency: Article published in Ulakbim TR Index journal [10 POINTS], and Article published in other (excuding 1a, b, c) international indexed journal (1d) [5 POINTS]
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